مقاطعة ويليامسون، تكساس
Williamson County | |
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موقع Texas ضمن الولايات المتحدة | |
الإحداثيات: 30°39′20″N 97°35′02″W / 30.6555°N 97.5839°W | |
البلد | الولايات المتحدة |
State | تكساس |
تأسست | March 13, 1848 |
السمِيْ | Robert McAlpin Williamson |
Seat | Georgetown |
Largest city | Round Rock |
المساحة | |
• الإجمالي | 1٬134 ميل² (2٬940 كم²) |
• البر | 1٬118 ميل² (2٬900 كم²) |
• الماء | 16 ميل² (40 كم²) 1.4%% |
التعداد | |
• Estimate (2019) | 590٬551 |
• الكثافة | 378/sq mi (146/km2) |
منطقة التوقيت | UTC−6 (Central) |
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
Congressional district | 31st |
الموقع الإلكتروني | wilco |
مقاطعة ويليامسون (إنگليزية: Williamson County، "Wilco")[1] is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 422,679.[2] Its county seat is Georgetown.[3] The county is named for Robert McAlpin Williamson (1804?–1859), a community leader and a veteran of the Battle of San Jacinto.[4]
Williamson County is part of the Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown metropolitan statistical area. It was included with Austin in the Best Cities to Live in for 2009 by the Milken Institute.[5] It is on both the Edwards Plateau to the west, rocky terrain and hills, and Texas Blackland Prairies in the east, rich, fertile farming land. The two areas are roughly bisected by Interstate 35.
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التاريخ
قبل التاريخ
Much of Williamson County has been the site of human habitation for at least 11,200 years. The earliest known inhabitants of the area lived during the late Pleistocene (Ice Age), and are linked to the Clovis culture around 9,200 BC based on evidence found at Bell County's much-studied Gault Site.[6] One of the most important discoveries in recent times is the ancient skeletal remains dubbed the "Leanderthal Lady" because of its age and proximity to Leander, Texas.[7] It was discovered by accident by the Texas Department of Transportation workers while drilling core samples for a new highway. The site has been extensively studied for many years, and samples from this site carbon date to the Pleistocene period around 10,500 years ago. Prehistoric and Archaic "open occupation" campsites are also found throughout the county along streams and other water sources, including Brushy Creek in Round Rock and the San Gabriel River in Georgetown. Such evidence of Archaic-period inhabitants is often in the form of relics and flint tools recovered from burned rock middens. Many such sites were inundated when the San Gabriel River was dammed to create Lake Granger.[8]
The earliest known historical Native American occupants, the Tonkawa, were a flint-working, hunting people who followed the buffalo on foot and periodically set fire to the prairie to aid them in their hunts. During the 18th century, they made the transition to a horse culture and used firearms to a limited extent. After they were crowded out by white settlement, the Comanches continued to raid settlements in the county until the 1860s. Also, small numbers of Kiowa, Yojuane, Tawakoni, and Mayeye Indians apparently were living in the county at the time of the earliest Anglo settlements.[8]
الجغرافيا
المقاطعات المجاورة
- Bell County (north)
- Milam County (east)
- Lee County (southeast)
- Bastrop County (southeast)
- Travis County (south)
- Burnet County (west)
الديمغرافيا
التعداد التاريخي | |||
---|---|---|---|
التعداد | Pop. | %± | |
1850 | 1٬568 | — | |
1860 | 4٬529 | 188٫8% | |
1870 | 6٬368 | 40٫6% | |
1880 | 15٬155 | 138�0% | |
1890 | 25٬909 | 71�0% | |
1900 | 38٬072 | 46٫9% | |
1910 | 42٬228 | 10٫9% | |
1920 | 42٬934 | 1٫7% | |
1930 | 44٬146 | 2٫8% | |
1940 | 41٬698 | −5٫5% | |
1950 | 38٬853 | −6٫8% | |
1960 | 35٬044 | −9٫8% | |
1970 | 37٬305 | 6٫5% | |
1980 | 76٬521 | 105٫1% | |
1990 | 139٬551 | 82٫4% | |
2000 | 249٬967 | 79٫1% | |
2010 | 422٬679 | 69٫1% | |
2019 (تق.) | 590٬551 | [9] | 39٫7% |
U.S. Decennial Census[10] 1850–2010[11] 2010–2019[2] |
تاريخ التعداد البلدي [12] | |||||||||
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# | أكبر المدن بمقاطعة وليامسون | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2018 (تقدير) |
1 | راوند روك | 1,438 | 1,878 | 2,811 | 11,812 | 30,923 | 61,136 | 99,887 | 128,739 |
2 | سيدر پارك | 202 | 385 | 692 | 3,474 | 5,161 | 26,049 | 48,937 | 76,999 |
3 | جورجتاون | 4,951 | 5,218 | 6,395 | 9,468 | 14,842 | 28,339 | 47,400 | 74,180 |
4 | لياندر | - | - | - | 2,179 | 3,398 | 7,596 | 26,521 | 56,111 |
5 | عوتو | n/a | 400 | 545 | 659 | 630 | 1,250 | 14,698 | 26,434 |
6 | تيلر | 9,071 | 9,434 | 9,616 | 10,619 | 11,472 | 13,575 | 15,191 | 17,167 |
إجمالي مقاطعة وليامسون | 38,853 | 35,044 | 37,305 | 76,521 | 139,551 | 249,967 | 422,679 | 566,719 |
الحكومة والسياسة
Election turnout reflects the county's tremendous growth. In 1960, only 7,870 votes were cast, compared to 289,555 in 2020.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third parties |
---|---|---|---|
2020 | 48.2% 139,729 | 49.6% 143,795 | 2.0% 6,031 |
2016 | 50.9% 104,175 | 41.3% 84,468 | 7.8% 16,016 |
2012 | 59.2% 97,006 | 37.8% 61,875 | 3.0% 4,923 |
2008 | 55.5% 88,323 | 42.5% 67,691 | 2.0% 3,152 |
2004 | 65.0% 83,284 | 33.6% 43,117 | 1.4% 1,797 |
2000 | 67.8% 65,041 | 27.7% 26,591 | 4.5% 4,303 |
1996 | 55.4% 36,836 | 36.3% 24,175 | 8.3% 5,511 |
1992 | 42.8% 26,208 | 31.7% 19,437 | 25.5% 15,609 |
1988 | 57.9% 27,322 | 41.5% 19,589 | 0.7% 319 |
1984 | 72.0% 25,774 | 27.7% 9,911 | 0.3% 99 |
1980 | 56.4% 15,035 | 39.0% 10,408 | 4.6% 1,218 |
1976 | 44.0% 7,481 | 55.0% 9,355 | 1.0% 174 |
1972 | 64.4% 6,998 | 35.0% 3,806 | 0.6% 63 |
1968 | 28.9% 2,923 | 54.6% 5,528 | 16.5% 1,672 |
1964 | 19.2% 1,766 | 80.7% 7,430 | 0.1% 6 |
1960 | 30.9% 2,429 | 68.7% 5,410 | 0.4% 31 |
1956 | 40.0% 2,947 | 59.8% 4,402 | 0.2% 18 |
1952 | 42.1% 3,646 | 57.8% 5,010 | 0.1% 7 |
1948 | 15.6% 1,094 | 80.2% 5,638 | 4.2% 294 |
1944 | 16.7% 1,239 | 71.1% 5,284 | 12.2% 908 |
1940 | 22.3% 1,714 | 77.5% 5,944 | 0.2% 13 |
1936 | 7.0% 375 | 92.8% 4,995 | 0.2% 13 |
1932 | 5.8% 418 | 94.0% 6,783 | 0.2% 13 |
1928 | 33.1% 1,833 | 66.7% 3,689 | 0.2% 9 |
1924 | 12.3% 934 | 83.5% 6,324 | 4.2% 320 |
1920 | 16.2% 819 | 53.0% 2,677 | 30.8% 1,555 |
1916 | 19.0% 656 | 78.3% 2,701 | 2.7% 94 |
1912 | 9.6% 246 | 78.4% 2,014 | 12.1% 310 |
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صن سيتي تكساس
One of the most significant growth factors of modern Williamson County is the location of a new Sun City community in Georgetown. Opened in June 1995, and originally named "Sun City Georgetown", Sun City Texas is a 5,300-acre (21-km2) age-restricted community about 10 mi (16 km) west of IH-35 on Andice Road (RR 2338). It is part of the chain of Sun City communities started by the Del Webb Corporation (now a division of Pulte Homes).[14] Residency is restricted to persons over age 55 (at least one person in a couple has to be 55 or older) and the community is generally oriented toward retirees.[15]
As originally planned, the project would double the size of Georgetown's population.[16] Sun City Texas is made up mostly of single-family dwellings, but also has duplexes. The Sun City project includes three golf courses (Legacy Hills, White Wing, and Cowan Creek).[15] Although the community attracts residents from all over, most come from within Texas to stay close to their original homes. Vocal opposition to the project has occurred, especially at the start during the zoning process, with arguments against the size of the community, its effect on Georgetown as a family-oriented town, concerns about the costs of providing city utilities, concern about lowered city and Williamson County property taxes, which are fixed for retirees under Texas law, and the disproportionate effect of city voting.
By and large, though, the community has been welcomed and accepted by the Georgetown populace. In the 2008 city elections, for example, two residents of Sun City were the only candidates for mayor of Georgetown. They also were both formerly elected city council members.[17]
الاقتصاد
الزراعة
Williamson County was an agrarian community for most of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Cotton was the dominant crop in the area between the 1880s and the 1920s, and Williamson County was the top producer of cotton in Texas.[18] Primarily to transport bales of cotton, the county was served by two national railroads, the International-Great Northern Railroad, which eventually merged into the Missouri Pacific, and the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad. The town of Taylor in eastern Williamson County became the primary center for cotton production, cotton ginning, and compressing cotton into bales to transport by rail.
Other agriculture activities, farming, and dairying were also a part of rural Williamson County east of the Balcones Fault, and ranching occurred to the west in the Hill Country area. Both gradually gave way to more modern business, services, and retail as the area became more urban, but cattle ranching is still a major business in some areas of the county, and cotton is still a significant crop eastward toward Hutto and Taylor.
النقل
الطرق الرئيسية |
الطرق
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التجمعات
المدن (متعددة المقاطعات)
- أوستن (mostly in Travis County and a small part in Hays County)
- Bartlett (partly in Bell County)
- Cedar Park (small part in Travis County)
- Leander (small part in Travis County)
- Pflugerville (mostly in Travis County)
- Round Rock (small part in Travis County)
- Thorndale (mostly in Milam County)
المدن
Census-designated places
- Brushy Creek
- Jollyville (former; annexed by Austin)
- Santa Rita Ranch
- Serenada
- Sonterra
Other unincorporated communities
بلدات مهجورة
أشخاص بارزون
- Nolan Ryan is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher and current president and majority owner of the Texas Rangers. Ryan played in a major league record 27 seasons for the New York Mets, California Angels, Houston Astros, and Texas Rangers, from 1966 to 1993. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999.
- Sam Bass (1851–1878), outlaw and train robber, was killed in a famous shootout in Round Rock in 1878. The shootout is re-enacted once a year as part of the Old Settlers Day celebration in Round Rock.[بحاجة لمصدر]
- King Fisher (1854–March 11, 1884) was a Texas rancher and gunfighter who lived in Williamson County during his boyhood.
- Dan Moody, a native of Taylor, was the 30th Governor of Texas from 1927 to 1931; he is remembered as a reformer and an opponent of the Ku Klux Klan and as the district attorney for Williamson County.
في الثقافة الشعبية
- The television show Kevin (Probably) Saves the World is set in Williamson County.
- Williamson County is depicted in the Coen Brothers movie Blood Simple.
- The 1996 Nora Ephron film Michael was shot principally in Georgetown and in and around Williamson County.
- The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, original 1974 version, primary filming occurred at a dilapidated farmhouse on the site of what is now La Frontera.[19] In 1993,[بحاجة لمصدر] the house was moved to Kingsland, Texas, and restored to become a restaurant at The Antlers Hotel.[20]
انظر أيضاً
- List of museums in Central Texas
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Williamson County, Texas
- Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Williamson County
المراجع
- ^ http://www.wilco.org Archived نوفمبر 6, 2004 at the Wayback Machine --> Williamson County, TX Home Page
- ^ أ ب "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on يونيو 7, 2011. Retrieved ديسمبر 29, 2013.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on مايو 31, 2011. Retrieved يونيو 7, 2011.
- ^ "WILLIAMSON, ROBERT MCALPIN [THREE LEGGED WILLIE]". tshaonline.org. يونيو 15, 2010. Archived from the original on مايو 9, 2018. Retrieved مايو 9, 2018.
- ^ "Austin-Round Rock, Texas MSA". The Milken Institute. Archived from the original on يوليو 21, 2011.
- ^ "Handbook of Texas Online, "Gault Site" entry". يونيو 15, 2010. Archived from the original on يوليو 10, 2011. Retrieved يوليو 18, 2010.
- ^ Thompson, Karen R.; Jane H. Digesualado. Historical Round Rock Texas. Austin, Texas: Nortex Press (Eakin Publications). pp. 4, 7.
- ^ أ ب MARK, ODINTZ (يونيو 15, 2010). "WILLIAMSON COUNTY". tshaonline.org. Archived from the original on مايو 9, 2018. Retrieved مايو 9, 2018.
- ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. مايو 24, 2020. Retrieved مايو 27, 2020.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved مايو 12, 2015.
- ^ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Archived (PDF) from the original on فبراير 26, 2015. Retrieved مايو 12, 2015.
- ^ Texas Almanac: City Population History from 1850–2000 Archived سبتمبر 16, 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Texas Almanac. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Archived from the original on مارس 23, 2018. Retrieved مايو 9, 2018.
- ^ Novak, Shonda. "Builders Pulte, Centex to combine in deal with national significance: Merger might be sign of industry rebound". Austin American-Statesman: B–07.
- ^ أ ب Ward, Pamela (ديسمبر 29, 1996). "On course for a grand opening in sun city". Austin American-Statesman: B–1. Retrieved يوليو 18, 2010.
- ^ "Del". Archived from the original on يونيو 18, 2012.
- ^ Banta, Bob (أبريل 10, 2008). "Mayoral hopefuls let their work talk". Austin American-Statesman. pp. W–01.
- ^ McLemore, Andrew (أغسطس 15, 2010). "Cotton County". Williamson County Sun.
- ^ "The Antlers". Archived from the original on يوليو 11, 2013.
- ^ Pack, MM (أكتوبر 23, 2003). "The Killing Fields: A culinary history of 'The Texas Chainsaw Massacre' farmhouse". The Austin Chronicle. Archived from the original on يناير 5, 2014. Retrieved فبراير 2, 2011.
وصلات خارجية
مراجع مكتبية عن Williamson County, Texas History |
- Williamson County government's website
- Robert M. Williamson's entry in the Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
- Williamson County from the Handbook of Texas Online
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Use mdy dates from September 2012
- مقاطعات Texas
- Articles containing إنگليزية-language text
- Pages using Lang-xx templates
- Pages using US Census population needing update
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012
- Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011
- Coordinates on Wikidata
- مقاطعة ويليامسون، تكساس
- تأسيسات 1848 في تكساس
- أماكن مأهولة تأسست في 1848
- Texas Hill Country
- مقاطعات ولاية تكساس الأمريكية