مقاطعة لانو، تكساس

Coordinates: 30°43′N 98°41′W / 30.71°N 98.68°W / 30.71; -98.68
Llano County
U.S. county
محكمة وسجن مقاطعة لانو
محكمة وسجن مقاطعة لانو
Map of Texas highlighting Llano County
الموقع ضمن ولاية Texas
Map of the United States highlighting Texas
موقع Texas ضمن الولايات المتحدة
الإحداثيات: 30°43′N 98°41′W / 30.71°N 98.68°W / 30.71; -98.68
البلد الولايات المتحدة
State تكساس
تأسست1856
السمِيْنهر لانو
Seatلانو
Largest cityلانو
المساحة
 • الإجمالي966 ميل² (2٬500 كم²)
 • البر934 ميل² (2٬420 كم²)
 • الماء32 ميل² (80 كم²)  3.3%
التعداد
 (2020)
 • الإجمالي21٬243
 • الكثافة22/sq mi (8٫5/km2)
منطقة التوقيتUTC−6 (Central)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district11th
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.co.llano.tx.us

مقاطعة لانو إنگليزية: Llano County هي إحدى المقاطعات في هضبة إدواردز في ولاية تكساس، الولايات المتحدة. As of the 2020 census, its population was 21,243.[1] Its county seat is Llano,[2] and the county is named for the Llano River.

During the American Civil War, the county was on the frontier, and Llano County's soldiers spent more time defending against Indian attacks then they did invading Yankees.[بحاجة لمصدر] In 1869, pioneer rancher John Wesley Snyder led a cattle drive from Llano County along the Chisholm Trail to Abilene, Kansas.[3]

Llano County marker, Kingsland, TX IMG 1949.JPG
Cactus in spring bloom in rural Llano County

In the 1870s, a pioneer community known as Baby Head existed in Llano County.[4] According to local legend, a small child was killed by Native Americans, and her remains were left on a hill called Baby Head Mountain.[5] Jodie May McKneely (died January 1, 1884) originated the Baby Head Cemetery. The pioneer town no longer exists, but the cemetery still remains and is still accepting the dead.[6]


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التاريخ

  • Peaceful Tonkawa tribe first inhabitants[7]
  • 1842 April 20 – Adelsverein[8] Fisher-Miller Land Grant sets aside three million acres (12,000 km2) to settle 600 families and single men of German, Dutch, Swiss, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian ancestry in Texas.[9]
  • 1844, June 26 – Henry Francis Fisher sells interest in land grant to Adelsverein
  • 1845 December 20 – Henry Francis Fisher and Burchard Miller sell their rights in the land grant to Adelsverein.
  • 1847 Meusebach–Comanche Treaty[10] Bettina commune, last Adelsverein community in Texas, is established by a group of free thinking intellectuals, and named after German liberal Bettina Brentano von Arnim. The community fails within a year due to lack of any governing structure and conflict of authority.[11][12]
  • 1852 Settlers at Tow and Bluffton on the Colorado River.[7]
  • 1854 May 14–15, The Texas State Convention of Germans meet in San Antonio and adopt a political, social and religious platform, including: 1) Equal pay for equal work; 2) Direct election of the President of the United States; 3) Abolition of capital punishment; 4) “Slavery is an evil, the abolition of which is a requirement of democratic principles..”; 5) Free schools – including universities – supported by the state, without religious influence; and 6) Total separation of church and state.[13]
  • 1860 Population 1,101 – 21 slaveholders, 54 slaves[7]
  • 1862 One hundred Llano County volunteers join Major John George Walker Division of the Confederate States Army.
  • 1864, April – A cavalry company is formed in Llano County under Captain Brazeal to defend the area from Indian attacks. It served under Brig. Gen. John David McAdoo until the war's end, when it disbanded in June 1865.
  • 1873, August 4 – Packsaddle Mountain becomes the site of the region's last battle with the Indians. The county's farming economy begins to grow after threats of Indian attacks cease.[14]
  • 1892, June 7 – Llano branch of Austin and Northwestern Railroad arrives[7]
  • 1893 Completion of County Courthouse, designed by Austin architect A O Watson[15]
  • 1895 Llano County Jail erected by the Pauly Jail Building and Manufacturing Company of St Louis, MO[16][17]
  • 1900 Frank Teich establishes the Teich Monument Works[18]
  • 1901 Llano Women's Literary Society organized – 16 charter members[7]
  • 1901 The Victorian style Antlers Hotel, a railroad resort in Kingsland, opened for business.


جمعية الأربعين من دارمشتات

للمزيد من المعلومات: قائمة جمعية الأربعين من دارمشتات

Count Castell[19] of the Adelsverein negotiated with the separate Darmstadt Society of Forty to colonize 200 families on the Fisher–Miller Land Grant in Texas. In return, they were to receive $12,000 in money, livestock, and equipment, and provisions for a year. After the first year, the colonies were expected to support themselves.[20] The colonies attempted were Castell,[21] Leiningen, Bettina,[22] Schoenburg and Meerholz in Llano County; Darmstädler Farm in Comal County; and Tusculum in Kendall County.[23] Of these, only Castell survives. The colonies failed after the Adelsverein funding expired, and also due to conflict of structure and authorities. Some members moved to other Adelsverein settlements in Texas. Others moved elsewhere, or returned to Germany.

تطهير المكتبات

Llano county libraries were purged of books containing nudity, sex education, and discussion of racism in 2021 and 2022 by county commissioners. Titles removed include In the Night Kitchen, Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents, and Between the World and Me. Librarian Suzette Baker in Kingsland was fired for her refusal to remove books from the shelves. The library board voted unanimously to close its meetings to the public in 2022.[24][25]

الجغرافيا

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 966 square miles (2,500 km2), of which 934 square miles (2,420 km2) are land and 32 square miles (83 km2) (3.3%) are covered by water.[26]

Enchanted Rock, a designated state natural area and popular tourist destination, is located in southern Llano county.

Two significant rivers, the Llano and the Colorado, flow through Llano County. These rivers contribute to Lake Buchanan, Inks Lake, and Lake Lyndon B. Johnson, which are all located partially within the county.

المقاطعات المجاورة

السكان

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد Pop. %±
18601٬101—
18701٬37925٫2%
18804٬962259٫8%
18906٬77236٫5%
19007٬3017٫8%
19106٬520−10٫7%
19205٬360−17٫8%
19305٬5383٫3%
19405٬9968٫3%
19505٬377−10٫3%
19605٬240−2٫5%
19706٬97933٫2%
198010٬14445٫4%
199011٬63114٫7%
200017٬04446٫5%
201019٬30113٫2%
202021٬24310٫1%
U.S. Decennial Census[27]
1850–2010[28] 2010[29] 2020[30]

تعداد 2020

مقاطعة لانو، تكساس - پروفيل ديمغرافي
(NH = غير هسپاني)
العرق Pop 2010[29] Pop 2020[30] % 2010 % 2020
White فقط (NH) 17,303 17,530 89.65% 82.52%
Black or African American فقط (NH) 102 97 0.53% 0.46%
Native American أو Alaska Native فقط (NH) 87 115 0.45% 0.54%
Asian فقط (NH) 76 121 0.39% 0.57%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 5 4 0.03% 0.02%
Some Other Race فقط (NH) 11 61 0.06% 0.29%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 175 807 0.91% 3.80%
Hispanic or Latino (أي عرق) 1,542 2,508 7.99% 11.81%
الإجمالي 19,301 21,243 100.00% 100.00%

Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

التجمعات

المدن

Census-designated places

تجمعات غير مشهرة أخرى


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بلدات الأشباح

أشخاص بارزون

  • Emil Kriewitz, who lived with the Penateka Comanche, served as guide for Fisher–Miller Land Grant settlers, 1870 Llano County justice of the peace, 1871 Llano County election judge, and postmaster of Castell from 1876 to 1883. He was buried in Llano County Cemetery.[31]

السياسة

نتائج الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية في Llano County, Texas[32] Llano County, Texas}}[32]
السنة الجمهوري الديمقراطي حزب ثالث
رقم.  % رقم.  % رقم.  %
2020 10,079 79٫61% 2,465 19٫47% 116 0٫92%
2016 8,299 79٫44% 1,825 17٫47% 323 3٫09%
2012 7,610 79٫62% 1,822 19٫06% 126 1٫32%
2008 7,281 75٫62% 2,250 23٫37% 98 1٫02%
2004 7,241 75٫72% 2,257 23٫60% 65 0٫68%
2000 6,295 72٫97% 2,143 24٫84% 189 2٫19%
1996 4,290 55٫45% 2,633 34٫03% 814 10٫52%
1992 3,056 41٫96% 2,409 33٫08% 1,818 24٫96%
1988 3,550 57٫24% 2,629 42٫39% 23 0٫37%
1984 4,042 67٫89% 1,894 31٫81% 18 0٫30%
1980 2,866 56٫23% 2,130 41٫79% 101 1٫98%
1976 1,947 45٫03% 2,361 54٫60% 16 0٫37%
1972 2,164 73٫53% 766 26٫03% 13 0٫44%
1968 1,079 38٫19% 1,282 45٫38% 464 16٫42%
1964 655 27٫47% 1,727 72٫44% 2 0٫08%
1960 704 38٫26% 1,131 61٫47% 5 0٫27%
1956 672 39٫32% 1,034 60٫50% 3 0٫18%
1952 840 43٫21% 1,102 56٫69% 2 0٫10%
1948 253 15٫06% 1,384 82٫38% 43 2٫56%
1944 198 12٫87% 1,199 77٫96% 141 9٫17%
1940 238 13٫78% 1,484 85٫93% 5 0٫29%
1936 107 7٫59% 1,302 92٫41% 0 0�00%
1932 108 8٫08% 1,229 91٫92% 0 0�00%
1928 439 46٫07% 514 53٫93% 0 0�00%
1924 88 8٫17% 928 86٫17% 61 5٫66%
1920 184 16٫85% 665 60٫90% 243 22٫25%
1916 72 8٫86% 716 88٫07% 25 3٫08%
1912 29 5٫32% 432 79٫27% 84 15٫41%

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ "Llano County, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ^ Anderson, H. Allan. "John Wesley Snyder". The Handbook of Texas. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
  4. ^ Heckert-Greene, James B. "Baby Head". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  5. ^ "Baby Head History". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes – Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  6. ^ "Baby Head Cemetery – Llano, Llano County, Texas". Texas Historical Markers. William Nienke, Sam Morrow. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
  7. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Speck, Ernest B. "Llano County, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  8. ^ Brister, Louis E. "Adelsverein". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  9. ^ Ramos, Mary G. "The German Settlements in Central Texas". Texas Almanac. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  10. ^ "Comanche Indian Treaty". William Nienke, Sam Morrow. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  11. ^ German American annals. University of Michigan Library. 2010. p. 31.
  12. ^ Heckert-Green, James B. "Castell, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  13. ^ Biesele, R. L. (April 1930). "The Texas State Convention of Germans in 1854". Southwestern Historical Quarterly. Denton, TX: Texas State Historical Association. 33 (4): 247–261.
  14. ^ Hazelwood, Claudia. "Packsaddle Mountain Fight". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  15. ^ "Llano County Courthouse". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  16. ^ "Llano County Jail". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes – Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  17. ^ "Redtop Jail". Friends of the Llano Redtop Jail. Archived from the original on 20 October 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  18. ^ "Frank Teich". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  19. ^ Brister, Louis E. "Count Carl of Castell-Castell". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
  20. ^ King (1967) p. 122
  21. ^ Heckert-Greene, James B. "Castell, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
  22. ^ Lich, Glen E. "Bettina, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
  23. ^ Lich, Glen E. "The Forty". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
  24. ^ Gowen, Annie (April 17, 2022). "Censorship battles' new frontier: Your public library". The Washington Post.
  25. ^ Cooley, Brigid (March 4, 2022). "Llano County Library Advisory Board closes meetings to the public". DailyTrib.com.
  26. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
  27. ^ "Census of Population and Housing from 1790-2000". US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  28. ^ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
  29. ^ أ ب "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Llano County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  30. ^ أ ب "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Llano County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  31. ^ Hadeler, Glenn. "Emil von Kriewitz de Czepry". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  32. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-07-26.

للاستزادة

  • Reinhardt, Louis (1900). "The Communistic Colony of Bettina". The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association. Denton, TX: Texas State Historical Association. 3: 33–40.


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وصلات خارجية

مقاطعة سان سابا
Burnet County شمال مقاطعة ميسون
الشرق   مقاطعة لانو، تكساس    الغرب
جنوب
Blanco County Gillespie County

قالب:NRHP Llano County, Texas قالب:Llano County, Texas

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