محافظة سوڤاوكي

Coordinates: 54°5′N 22°56′E / 54.083°N 22.933°E / 54.083; 22.933
Suwałki Governorate
Сувалкская губерния
Governorate Congress Poland
1867–1915
الدرع Suwałki
درع
Suvalki in Russian Empire (1914).svg
Location in the Russian Empire
العاصمةSuwałki
المساحة
 • Coordinates54°5′N 22°56′E / 54.083°N 22.933°E / 54.083; 22.933
التاريخ
التاريخ 
• Established
1867
• Disestablished
1915
سبقها
تلاها
Augustów Governorate
Bialystok-Grodno District
Lithuania District
اليوم جزء منPoland
Lithuania
Belarus

Suwałki Governorate[أ] was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of Congress Poland of the Russian Empire, which had its seat in the city of Suwałki. It covered a territory of about 12,300 square kilometres (4,700 sq mi).

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التاريخ

محافظة سوڤاوكي (بالأزرق الخفيف)

In 1867, the territories of the Augustów Governorate and the Płock Governorates were re-organised to form the Płock Governorate, the Suwałki Governorate (consisting mostly of the Augustów Governorate territories) and a recreated Łomża Governorate.

After World War I, the governorate was split between the Second Polish Republic and Lithuania, mostly along ethnic lines (with an exception of the area in the proximity of Puńsk and north of Sejny).[1] The Polish part, known as Suwałki Region, was incorporated into the Białystok Voivodeship. The Lithuanian region of Suvalkija was named after the governorate.


السكان والاقتصاد

According to contemporary Russian Empire statistics, from 1889 the Suwałki Governorate was predominantly Lithuanian since they comprised 57.8% of the population.[2] Lithuanians formed a majority only in the northern part of the governorate in the counties of Kalvarija, Marijampolė, Naujamiestis, Vilkaviškis as well as the eastern part of the Sejny county. Poles were in a majority in the southern part of the governorate in the counties of Suwałki, Augustów and in the western part of the Sejny county.[3][4]

Before World War I, the Suwałki Governorate was economically the least developed area of Congress Poland. It was characterised by the lowest agricultural productivity and profitability. In 1912, the governorate had a population density of just 45 persons per km2, compared to Congress' average of 103 persons per km2.[5]

Population in 1897[6]
Nationality People Percent
Lithuanians 304,500 52%
Poles 134,000 23%
Jews 59,100 10%
Germans 30,500 5%
Belarusians 26,600 5%
Russians 24,500 4%
Others 3,700 .7%
Total 582,900 100%

التقسيمات الإدارية

It was divided into seven counties:[7]

بالإنجليزية
بالروسية
محافظة سوڤاوكي في 1911
County County Seat Major Towns
Augustów County POL Augustów COA.svg Augustów LipskRaczkiSopoćkinie
Kalvarija County Kalvarija COA.gif Kalvarija LiudvinavasAlytusSimnas
Marijampolė County Marijampole COA.svg Marijampolė BalbieriškisPilviškėsPanemunėPrienaiZapyškis
Sejny County POL Sejny 1 COA.svg Sejny KapčiamiestisLazdijaiSeirijai
Suwałki County POL Suwałki COA.svg Suwałki BakałarzewoFilipówPrzeroślWiżajny
Naujamiestis County Kudirkos Naumiestis COA.gif Naujamiestis SudargasŠakiai
Vilkaviškis County Vilkaviškis CoA.svg Vilkaviškis VirbalisVištytis

المراجع

  1. ^ Łossowski 1996, p. 51.
  2. ^ Šenavičienė, Ieva (1999). "Tautos budimas ir blaivybės sąjūdis" (PDF). Istorija. 40: 3. ISSN 1392-0456. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
  3. ^ Łossowski, Piotr (1996). Konflikt polsko-litewski 1918-1920 (in البولندية). Książka i Wiedza. pp. 10, 15. ISBN 978-8305127691.
  4. ^ Borzęcki, Jerzy (2008). The Soviet-Polish Peace of 1921 and the Creation of Interwar Europe. Yale University Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0300121216.
  5. ^ Czerep, Stanisław (2007–2008). "Charakterystyka obszaru Mazur i północnego Podlasia, objętych operacją mazursko-augustowską w lutym 1915 roku" (PDF). Studia Podlaskie (in البولندية). University of Białystok. 17: 89. ISSN 0867-1370.
  6. ^ Nikolajew, Christina Juditha (2005). Zum Zusammenhang zwischen nationaler Identitätsbildung und Katholischer Kirche in Litauen (PDF) (in الألمانية). Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. p. 16.[dead link]
  7. ^ Jonas Zinkus; et al., eds. (1988). "Suvalkų gubernija". Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija (in الليتوانية). Vol. IV. Vilnius, Lithuania: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. pp. 136–137.
  1. ^

قالب:Administrative division of Congress Poland