مانويل روكساس
| مانويل روكساس | |
|---|---|
| |
| رئيس الفلپين الخامس ثالث رئيس لكومنولث الفلپين أول رئيس لجمهورية الفلپين | |
| في المنصب 28 مايو 1946 (كرئيس الكومنولث حتى 4 يوليو 1946، كرئيس الجمهورية بعد ذلك) – 15 أبريل 1948 | |
| سبقه | سرجيو أوسمنيا |
| خلفه | إلپيديو كويرينو |
| 2nd President of the Senate of the Philippines | |
| في المنصب July 9, 1945 – May 25, 1946 | |
| الرئيس | Sergio Osmeña |
| سبقه | Manuel L. Quezon |
| خلفه | José Avelino |
| Senator of the Philippines | |
| في المنصب July 9, 1945 – May 25, 1946 | |
| Secretary of Finance | |
| في المنصب August 21, 1941 – December 29, 1941 | |
| الرئيس | Manuel L. Quezon |
| سبقه | Antonio de las Alas |
| خلفه | Serafin Marabut |
| 2nd Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives | |
| في المنصب 1922–1933 | |
| سبقه | Sergio Osmeña |
| خلفه | Quintin Paredes |
| Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Capiz' 1st District | |
| في المنصب 1921–1938 | |
| سبقه | Antonio Habana |
| خلفه | Ramon A. Arnaldo |
| Governor of Capiz | |
| في المنصب 1919–1921 | |
| خلفه | birth_date = يناير 1, 1892 |
| تفاصيل شخصية | |
| وُلِد | Capiz (now Roxas City)، كاپيز |
| توفي | أبريل 15, 1948 (aged 56) Clark Air Base, Angeles, پامپانگا |
| المدفن | Manila North Cemetery, Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines |
| الحزب | Liberal Party (1945–1948) |
| انتماءات سياسية أخرى |
Nacionalista Party (before 1945) |
| الزوج | Trinidad de Leon |
| الأنجال | Gerardo Manuel Róxas Ruby Róxas |
| الجامعة الأم | جامعة مانيلا University of the Philippines College of Law |
| المهنة | محامي وجندي |
| الدين | Roman Catholicism |
| التوقيع | 
|
| الخدمة العسكرية | |
| الكنية | Manuel |
| الولاء |  الفلپين
|
| الخدمة/الفرع | Philippine Commonwealth Army |
| سنوات الخدمة | 1941–1945 |
| المعارك/الحروب | World War II * Japanese Occupation of the Philippines (1942–1945) * Philippines Campaign (1944–1945) |
مانويل روكساس إي أكونا , Manuel Roxas y Acuna (و. 1892 - 1948م). أول رئيس لجمهورية الفلبين، بعد أن نالت استقلالها عن الولايات المتحدة في الرابع من يوليو عام 1946م. شارك في القتال ضد اليابانيين في الحرب العالمية الثانية (1939 - 1945م) ضابطًا برتبة عقيد، ثم مقاتلاً في حرب العصابات بجزيرة مينداناو. ولكن اليابانيين أسروه، وأجبروه على الخدمة موظفًا صغيرًا، في ظل الحكومة الصورية برئاسة جوزيه بي لوريل. واستغل روكساس مركزه في حماية حلقة التجسس التي كونها لمساعدة الولايات المتحدة.
ولد روكساس في كابيز (روكساس الآن) بجزيرة باناي. درس القانون في جامعة الفلبين، وصار حاكمًا للإقليم الذي نشأ فيه. حقق شهرة بوصفه بطلاً من أبطال الاستقلال وبخاصة عندما كان رئيسًا لمجلس النُّواب.
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السياسة الخارجية
Treaty of General Relations
On August 5, 1946, the Congress of the Philippines ratified the Treaty of General Relations that had been entered into by and between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States on July 4, 1946.[1] Aside from withdrawing her sovereignty from the Philippines and recognizing her independence, the Treaty reserved for the United States some bases for the mutual protection of both countries; consented that the United States represent the Philippines in countries where the latter had not yet established diplomatic representation; made the Philippines assume all debts and obligations of the former government in the Philippines; and provided for the settlement of property rights of the citizens of both countries.[1]
United States military bases
Although Roxas was successful in getting rehabilitation funds from the United States after independence, he was forced to concede military bases (23 of which were leased for 99 years), trade restriction for the Philippine citizens, and special privileges for U.S. property owner and investor.[بحاجة لمصدر]
Parity Rights Amendment
On March 11, 1947, Philippine voters, agreeing with Roxas, ratified in a nationwide plebiscite the "parity amendment" to the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, granting United States citizens the right to dispose of and utilize Philippine natural resources, or parity rights.
Turtle and Mangsee Islands
On 19 September 1946 the Republic of the Philippines notified the United Kingdom that it wished to take over the administration of the Turtle Islands and the Mangesse Islands. Pursuant to a supplemental international agreement, the transfer of administration became effective on 16 October 1947.[2][3]
وفاته
Roxas did not finish his full four-year term. On the morning of April 15, 1948 Roxas delivered a speech before the United States Thirteenth Air Force. After the speech, he felt dizzy and was brought to the residence of Major General E.L. Eubank at Clark Field, Pampanga. He died later that night of a heart attack.[4][5] Roxas' term as President is thus the third shortest, lasting one year, ten months, and 18 days.
On April 17, 1948, two days after Roxas' death, Vice-President Elpidio Quirino took the oath of office as President of the Philippines.
ذكراه
In his honour Roxas, Oriental Mindoro, the first town to be named as such, Roxas City, Capiz, President Roxas, Capiz, President Roxas, Cotabato, and Roxas, Isabela were named after him. Dewey Boulevard in the City of Manila was renamed in his memory, and he is currently depicted on the 100 Philippine peso bill.
Philippine 100 peso bill with a portrait of Roxas
1992 Two Peso President Manuel Roxas Commemorative Coin
Roxas Boulevard in Pasay City, named after the president
المصادر
- Zaide, Gregorio F. (1984). Philippine History and Government. National Bookstore Printing Press.
- ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةautogenerated1961 - ^ "Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines regarding the transfer of the administration of the Turtle and Mangsee Islands to the Philippine Republic; Cmd 8320" (PDF). Retrieved 2017-08-08.
- ^ Peter C. Richards (6 December 1947). "New Flag Over Pacific Paradise". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ Office of the President of the Philippines Archived يوليو 29, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Dante C. Simbulan (2005). The Modern Principalia: The Historical Evolution of the Philippine Ruling Oligarchy. UP Press. p. 228 (note 15). ISBN 978-971-542-496-7.
وصلات خارجية
| مناصب سياسية | ||
|---|---|---|
| سبقه — |
Governor of Capiz 1919–1922 |
تبعه — |
| سبقه Antonio Habana |
Representative, 1st District of Capiz 1922–1934 |
تبعه Ramon A. Arnaldo |
| سبقه Sergio Osmeña |
Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines 1922–1933 |
تبعه Quintin Paredes |
| سبقه Established |
Assemblyman 1935–1938 |
تبعه Ramon A. Arnaldo |
| سبقه Antonio de Las Alas |
Secretary of Finance 1938–1941 |
تبعه Serafin Marabut |
| سبقه Jorge Vargas |
Executive Secretary 1942 |
تبعه Arturo Rotor |
| سبقه None Party founded |
Liberal Party presidential candidate 1946 |
تبعه Elpidio Quirino |
| سبقه Restored Last held by Manuel L. Quezon |
President of the Senate of the Commonwealth of the Philippines 1946 |
تبعه Elpidio Quirino |
| سبقه Sergio Osmeña |
President of the Philippines 1946–1948 |
تبعه Elpidio Quirino |
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013
- 1892 births
- 1948 deaths
- وفيات باحتشاء عضل القلب
- Filipino lawyers
- Filipino politicians
- Filipino Roman Catholics
- Filipino anti-communists
- Mar Roxas
- People from Capiz
- Presidents of the Philippines
- Philippine presidential candidates
- Roxas family
- Senators of the Philippines
- Speakers of the Philippine House of Representatives
- University of the Philippines alumni
- الفلپينيون