ماديا پرادش
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ماديا پرادِش Madhya Pradesh (واختصارها MP) (بالهندي: मध्य प्रदेश وتـُنطـَق [məd̪ʱjə prəd̪eːʃ] , الترجمة: المقاطعة الوسطى)، كثيراً ما تـُسمى قلب الهند، هي ولاية في وسط الهند. عاصمتها هي بهوپال. ماديا پرادش كانت في الأصل أكبر ولاية في الهند حتى 1 نوفمبر 2000 عندما سـُلِخت منها ولاية چـْهاتـِّيسـْگـَره. ويحدها ولايات اوتار پرادش، چـْهاتـِّيسـْگـَره، مهارشترا، گجرات و راجاستان.
التاريخ
التاريخ القديم
اللغات
اللغة السائدة في المنطقة هي الهندي. الاوردو مستخدمة في برهان پور، في إمارة سيرونج (تونك) السابقة، كورواي ومناطق تواجد المسلمين. في بهوپال القديمة، a unique style of very polite (Aap janab style of Bhopali Hindi-Urdu mixed language) is spoken.
In addition to standard Hindi, several regional variants are spoken, which are considered by some to be dialects of Hindi, and by others to be distinct but related languages. Among these languages are Malvi in Malwa, Nimadi in Nimar, Bundeli in Bundelkhand, and Bagheli and Avadhi in Bagelkhand and the southeast. Each of these languages or dialects has dialects of its own. Other languages include Bhilodi (Bhili), Gondi, Korku, and Kalto (Nahali), all spoken by tribal groups. Due to rule of Marathas, Marathi is spoken by a substantial number of people.
الجغرافيا
النبيت والوحيش
قراءات اضافية
- Chishti, R̥ta Kapur, Martand Singh, and Amba Sanyal. Saris of India: Madhya Pradesh. New Delhi: Wiley Eastern & Amr Vastra Kosh, 1989. ISBN 8122401872
- Gyanendra Singh. Farm Mechanization in Madhya Pradesh. Bhopal: Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 2000.
- Madhya Pradesh (India). The Madhya Pradesh Human Development Report 2002: Using the Power of Democracy for Development. [Bhopal: Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, 2002.
- Parmar, Shyam. Folk Tales of Madhya Pradesh. Folk tales of India series, 12". New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1973.
- Rag, Pankaj, and O. P. Misra. Masterpieces of Madhya Pradesh. Bhopal: Directorate of Archaeology, Archives & Museums, Government of Madhya Pradesh, 2005.
- Rag, Pankaj. Vintage, Madhya Pradesh: A Collection of Old Photographs. Bhopal: Madhya Pradesh Madhyam jointly with the Directorate of Archaeology, Archives, and Museums, 2005. ISBN 8190270273
- Sampath, M. D., H. V. Trivedi, and Mandan Trivedi. Epigraphs of Madhya Pradesh. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, 2001.
- Sati, Vishwambhar Prasad. Madhya Pradesh, a Geo-Economic Appraisal. Delhi: Abhijeet, 2004. ISBN 8188683434
- Shah, Shampa, and Aashi Manohar. Tribal Arts and Crafts of Madhya Pradesh. Living traditions of India. Ahmedabad: Mapin Pub./in Association with Vanya Prakashan, Bhopal, 1996. ISBN 0944142710
- Shrivastava, Divya. The Development of Scheduled Tribes in Madhya Pradesh. New Delhi: Gyan Pub. House, 2000. ISBN 8121206987
- Singh, R. V. Dairy Co-Operatives and Development: A Study of Tribal Dairy Co-Operatives in Madhya Pradesh. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2006. ISBN 8178353318
المصادر
- ^ أ ب 2011 Census of India
- ^ قائمة الولايات الهندية حسب نسبة الجنسين
- ^ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. pp. 122–126. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ "MP declares endangered 'Mahasheer' breed as state fish".
وصلات خارجية
- MP Portal
- M P FOrest
- MP Ecotourism Development Board
- MP Government
- MP Tourism
- MP Police
- MP Transport
- MP Info
- A Panorama of Madhya Pradesh
- Madhya Pradesh The Heart of India (outdated, but still informative)
- Investment - Industry / MP Industry
- Madhya Pradesh News Website
- ماديا پرادش travel guide from Wikitravel
- Madhya Pradesh Tourism. Com : A One-of-its-kind First, Neutral and Unbiased GLOBAL INTERNET PLATFORM for Travellers as well as Hotels & Resorts,Restaurants,Tour Operators,Travel Agents,Car Rentals and other such service providers & establishments EXCLUSIVELY for travel & tourism related information of MADHYA PRADESH, BHARAT (INDIA).