قالب:الثوابت الطبيعية

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This template allows the values of physical constants to be quickly entered in articles. As of now, it returns CODATA 2010 recommended values, but using the template allows all the articles using it to be updated at once when more recent values become available. In particular, if the proposed new SI definitions are approved, the numerical values of the constants used in the new definitions will become exact whereas those of the constants used in the old definition will acquire an uncertainty.

Usage

Arguments

symbol: If set to yes, the value is preceded by the symbol of the constant, followed by ≈ or = depending on whether or not round is set.
round: If omitted, the value is shown along with its standard uncertainty. If set to an integer n, the value is rounded to the first n digits after the decimal point. If set to auto, the value is rounded so that the standard uncertainty is no more than 1.5 units in the last place.
unit: If set to no, the unit of measurement is not shown.
ref: If set to no, no reference is given. If set to only, only the reference is given.
after: Text (e.g. punctuation) to be shown after the constant before the reference.

Examples

{{physconst|c|unit=no|after= [[metre per second|metres per second]].}}: 299792458 metres per second.^[1]
{{physconst|mu0|symbol=yes}}: μ₀ = 12.566370614...×10⁻⁷ N/A²^[2]
{{physconst|G|symbol=yes}}: G = 6.67384(80)×10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻²^[3]
{{physconst|h|round=auto|ref=no}}: 6.62607×10⁻³⁴ J s
{{physconst|hbar|round=2|symbol=yes}}: ħ ≈ 1.05×10⁻³⁴ J s^[4]

Available constants

alpha: fine-structure constant (α = 7.2973525698(24)×10⁻³^[5])
c: speed of light (c = 299792458 m/s^[1])
e: elementary charge (e = 1.602176565(35)×10⁻¹⁹ C^[6])
eps0: vacuum permittivity (ε₀ = 8.854187817...×10⁻¹² Fm⁻¹^[7])
eV: electronvolt (1 eV = 1.602176565(35)×10⁻¹⁹ J^[8])
F: Faraday constant (F = 96485.3365(21) C/mol^[9])
G: gravitational constant (G = 6.67384(80)×10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻²^[3])
G0: conductance quantum (G₀ = 7.7480917346(25)×10⁻⁵ S^[10])
h: Planck constant (h = 6.62606957(29)×10⁻³⁴ J s^[11])
hbar: reduced Planck constant (ħ = 1.054571726(47)×10⁻³⁴ J s^[4])
invalpha: inverse fine-structure constant (1/α = 137.035999074(44)^[12])
k: Boltzmann constant (k = 1.3806488(13)×10⁻²³ J/K^[13])
me: electron mass (m_e = 9.10938291(40)×10⁻³¹ kg^[14])
mp: proton mass (m_p = 1.672621777(74)×10⁻²⁷ kg^[15])
mpome: proton-to-electron mass ratio (m_p/m_e = 1836.15267245(75)^[16])
mu: atomic mass constant (m_u = 1.660538921(73)×10⁻²⁷ kg^[17])
mu0: vacuum permeability (μ₀ = 12.566370614...×10⁻⁷ N/A²^[2])
NA: Avogadro constant (N_A = 6.02214129(27)×10²³ mol⁻¹^[18])
Phi0: magnetic flux quantum (Φ₀ = 2.067833758(46)×10⁻¹⁵ Wb^[19])
R: gas constant (R = 8.3144621(75)×10⁻⁷ J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹^[20])
Rinf: Rydberg constant (R_∞ = 10973731.568539(55) m⁻¹^[21])
sigma: Stefan–Boltzmann constant (σ = 5.670373(21)×10⁻⁸ W m⁻² K⁻⁴^[22])
bwien: Wien's displacement constant (b = 2.8977721(26)×10⁻³ m K^[23])

^ ^أ ^ب "CODATA Value: speed of light in vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ ^أ ^ب "CODATA Value: magnetic constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
^ ^أ ^ب "CODATA Value: Newtonian constant of gravitation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ ^أ ^ب "CODATA Value: Planck constant over 2 pi". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: elementary charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: electric constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: electron volt". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: Faraday constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: inverse fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: electron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: proton mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: proton-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: atomic mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: Avogadro constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: magnetic flux quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: molar gas constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: Rydberg constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: Stefan-Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2013-11-03. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
^ "CODATA Value: Wien wavelength displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2013-11-03. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)

The above documentation is transcluded from قالب:الثوابت الطبيعية/doc. (edit | history)
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[physconst-c-1] أ ^ب "CODATA Value: speed of light in vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-mu0-2] أ ^ب "CODATA Value: magnetic constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-G-3] أ ^ب "CODATA Value: Newtonian constant of gravitation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-hbar-4] أ ^ب "CODATA Value: Planck constant over 2 pi". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-alpha-5] "CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-e-6] "CODATA Value: elementary charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-eps0-7] "CODATA Value: electric constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-eV-8] "CODATA Value: electron volt". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-F-9] "CODATA Value: Faraday constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-G0-10] "CODATA Value: conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-h-11] "CODATA Value: Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-invalpha-12] "CODATA Value: inverse fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-k-13] "CODATA Value: Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-me-14] "CODATA Value: electron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-mp-15] "CODATA Value: proton mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-mpome-16] "CODATA Value: proton-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-mu-17] "CODATA Value: atomic mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-NA-18] "CODATA Value: Avogadro constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-Phi0-19] "CODATA Value: magnetic flux quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-R-20] "CODATA Value: molar gas constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-Rinf-21] "CODATA Value: Rydberg constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-sigma-22] "CODATA Value: Stefan-Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2013-11-03. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)

[physconst-bwien-23] "CODATA Value: Wien wavelength displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. US National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 2011. Retrieved 2013-11-03. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)

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Usage

Arguments

Examples

Available constants

See also