NIST

Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
NIST logo.svg
استعراض الوكالة
تشكلت1901; 123 years ago (1901 (as National Bureau of Standards)
المقر الرئيسيGaithersburg, Maryland, US
الميزانية السنوية$964 million (2016)[1]
تنفيذي الوكالة
  • Walter Copan, Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and Director of NIST
الوكالة الأمDepartment of Commerce
الموقع الإلكترونيnist.gov

المعهد القومي الأمريكي للمعايير والتقانة )الإنكليزية: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST))، هو مختبر لمعايير القياس وهو وكالة غير تنظيمية تابعة لوزارة التجارة في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. إن المهمة الرئيسية للمعهد حسب موقعه على الإنترنت:

"دعم الإبداع والتنافس الصناعي في الولايات المتحدة من خلال تطوير علم القياس، المعايير، والتقانة، بالوسائل التي تحسن الأمن الاقتصادي وتزيد من جودة الحياة"

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التنظيم

تقسم نشاطات المعهد إلى برامج المختبرات، والمشاريع الخارجية.

تشمل مختبرات المعهد المختبرات التالية:

تشمل المشاريع الخارجية:


المشاريع

A 40 nm wide NIST logo made with cobalt atoms

القياسات والمعايير

As part of its mission, NIST supplies industry, academia, government, and other users with over 1,300 Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). These artifacts are certified as having specific characteristics or component content, used as calibration standards for measuring equipment and procedures, quality control benchmarks for industrial processes, and experimental control samples.

Handbook 44

NIST publishes the Handbook 44 each year after the annual meeting of the National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM). Each edition is developed through cooperation of the Committee on Specifications and Tolerances of the NCWM and the Weights and Measures Division (WMD) of the NIST. The purpose of the book is a partial fulfillment of the statutory responsibility for "cooperation with the states in securing uniformity of weights and measures laws and methods of inspection".

NIST has been publishing various forms of what is now the Handbook 44 since 1918 and began publication under the current name in 1949. The 2010 edition conforms to the concept of the primary use of the SI (metric) measurements recommended by the Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988.[2][3]

الأمن الداخلي

NIST is developing government-wide identity document standards for federal employees and contractors to prevent unauthorized persons from gaining access to government buildings and computer systems.[بحاجة لمصدر]

World Trade Center collapse investigation

In 2002, the National Construction Safety Team Act mandated NIST to conduct an investigation into the collapse of the World Trade Center buildings 1 and 2 and the 47-story 7 World Trade Center. The "World Trade Center Collapse Investigation", directed by lead investigator Shyam Sunder,[4] covered three aspects, including a technical building and fire safety investigation to study the factors contributing to the probable cause of the collapses of the WTC Towers (WTC 1 and 2) and WTC 7. NIST also established a research and development program to provide the technical basis for improved building and fire codes, standards, and practices, and a dissemination and technical assistance program to engage leaders of the construction and building community in implementing proposed changes to practices, standards, and codes. NIST also is providing practical guidance and tools to better prepare facility owners, contractors, architects, engineers, emergency responders, and regulatory authorities to respond to future disasters. The investigation portion of the response plan was completed with the release of the final report on 7 World Trade Center on November 20, 2008. The final report on the WTC Towers—including 30 recommendations for improving building and occupant safety—was released on October 26, 2005.[5]

Election technology

NIST works in conjunction with the Technical Guidelines Development Committee of the Election Assistance Commission to develop the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines for voting machines and other election technology.

للمزيد من المعلومات: Certification of voting machines

Cybersecurity Framework

In February 2014 NIST published the NIST Cybersecurity Framework that serves as voluntary guidance for organizations to manage and reduce cybersecurity risk.[6] It was later amended and Version 1.1 was published in April 2018.[7] Executive Order 13800, Strengthening the Cybersecurity of Federal Networks and Critical Infrastructure, made the Framework mandatory for U.S. federal government agencies.[6]

انظر أيضاً


المراجع

  1. ^ "2016 Appropriations Increase NIST Funding 166 percent". NIST. 2016. Retrieved 2016-01-13.[dead link]
  2. ^ Handbook 44 Archived أكتوبر 20, 2011 at the Wayback Machine- "Forward; page 5" Retrieved: September 28, 2011
  3. ^ 100th Congress (1988) (June 16, 1988). "H.R. 4848". Legislation. GovTrack.us. Archived from the original on October 10, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2011. Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Eric Lipton (أغسطس 22, 2008). "Fire, Not Explosives, Felled 3rd Tower on 9/11, Report Says". New York Times. Archived from the original on مارس 9, 2011.
  5. ^ "Final Reports of the Federal Building and Fire Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster". National Institute of Standards and Technology. أكتوبر 2005. Archived from the original on نوفمبر 24, 2005.
  6. ^ أ ب "Questions and Answers". Nist. February 13, 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  7. ^ "Cybersecurity Framework Documents". Nist. February 5, 2018.

روابط خارجية


قالب:Time signal authorities

الكلمات الدالة:
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