قالب:الأوزان الذرية القياسية للعناصر
الأوزان الذرية القياسية للعناصر (IUPAC 2009–2021[ref 1])
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Z | الرمز | الاسم | Ar, standard | مختصر | سنة التغيير | ||
1 | H | hydrogen | - | 1.0080±0.0002 | 2009 | ||
2 | He | helium | - | 4.0026±0.0001 | 1983 | ||
3 | Li | lithium | - | 6.94±0.06 | 2009 | ||
4 | Be | beryllium | - | 9.0122±0.0001 | 2013 | ||
5 | B | boron | - | 10.81±0.02 | 2009 | ||
6 | C | carbon | - | 12.011±0.002 | 2009 | ||
7 | N | nitrogen | - | 14.007±0.001 | 2009 | ||
8 | O | oxygen | - | 15.999±0.001 | 2009 | ||
9 | F | fluorine | - | 18.998±0.001 | 2021 | ||
10 | Ne | neon | - | 20.180±0.001 | 1985 | ||
11 | Na | sodium | - | 22.990±0.001 | 2005 | ||
12 | Mg | magnesium | - | 24.305±0.002 | 2011 | ||
13 | Al | aluminium | - | 26.982±0.001 | 2017 | ||
14 | Si | silicon | - | 28.085±0.001 | 2009 | ||
15 | P | phosphorus | - | 30.974±0.001 | 2013 | ||
16 | S | sulfur | - | 32.06±0.02 | 2009 | ||
17 | Cl | chlorine | - | 35.45±0.01 | 2009 | ||
18 | Ar | argon | - | 39.95±0.16 | 2017 | ||
19 | K | potassium | - | 39.098±0.001 | 1979 | ||
20 | Ca | calcium | - | 40.078±0.004 | 1983 | ||
21 | Sc | scandium | - | 44.956±0.001 | 2021 | ||
22 | Ti | titanium | - | 47.867±0.001 | 1993 | ||
23 | V | vanadium | - | 50.942±0.001 | 1977 | ||
24 | Cr | chromium | - | 51.996±0.001 | 1983 | ||
25 | Mn | manganese | - | 54.938±0.001 | 2017 | ||
26 | Fe | iron | - | 55.845±0.002 | 1993 | ||
27 | Co | cobalt | - | 58.933±0.001 | 2017 | ||
28 | Ni | nickel | - | 58.693±0.001 | 2007 | ||
29 | Cu | copper | - | 63.546±0.003 | 1969 | ||
30 | Zn | zinc | - | 65.38±0.02 | 2007 | ||
31 | Ga | gallium | - | 69.723±0.001 | 1987 | ||
32 | Ge | germanium | - | 72.630±0.008 | 2009 | ||
33 | As | arsenic | - | 74.922±0.001 | 2013 | ||
34 | Se | selenium | - | 78.971±0.008 | 2013 | ||
35 | Br | bromine | - | 79.904±0.003 | 2011 | ||
36 | Kr | krypton | - | 83.798±0.002 | 2001 | ||
37 | Rb | rubidium | - | 85.468±0.001 | 1969 | ||
38 | Sr | strontium | - | 87.62±0.01 | 1969 | ||
39 | Y | yttrium | - | 88.906±0.001 | 2021 | ||
40 | Zr | zirconium | - | 91.224±0.002 | 1983 | ||
41 | Nb | niobium | - | 92.906±0.001 | 2017 | ||
42 | Mo | molybdenum | - | 95.95±0.01 | 2013 | ||
43 | Tc | technetium | - | ||||
44 | Ru | ruthenium | - | 101.07±0.02 | 1983 | ||
45 | Rh | rhodium | - | 102.91±0.01 | 2017 | ||
46 | Pd | palladium | - | 106.42±0.01 | 1979 | ||
47 | Ag | silver | - | 107.87±0.01 | 1985 | ||
48 | Cd | cadmium | - | 112.41±0.01 | 2013 | ||
49 | In | indium | - | 114.82±0.01 | 2011 | ||
50 | Sn | tin | - | 118.71±0.01 | 1983 | ||
51 | Sb | antimony | - | 121.76±0.01 | 1993 | ||
52 | Te | tellurium | - | 127.60±0.03 | 1969 | ||
53 | I | iodine | - | 126.90±0.01 | 1985 | ||
54 | Xe | xenon | - | 131.29±0.01 | 1999 | ||
55 | Cs | caesium | - | 132.91±0.01 | 2013 | ||
56 | Ba | barium | - | 137.33±0.01 | 1985 | ||
57 | La | lanthanum | - | 138.91±0.01 | 2005 | ||
58 | Ce | cerium | - | 140.12±0.01 | 1995 | ||
59 | Pr | praseodymium | - | 140.91±0.01 | 2017 | ||
60 | Nd | neodymium | - | 144.24±0.01 | 2005 | ||
61 | Pm | promethium | - | ||||
62 | Sm | samarium | - | 150.36±0.02 | 2005 | ||
63 | Eu | europium | - | 151.96±0.01 | 1995 | ||
64 | Gd | gadolinium | - | 157.25±0.03 | 1969 | ||
65 | Tb | terbium | - | 158.93±0.01 | 2021 | ||
66 | Dy | dysprosium | - | 162.50±0.01 | 2001 | ||
67 | Ho | holmium | - | 164.93±0.01 | 2021 | ||
68 | Er | erbium | - | 167.26±0.01 | 1999 | ||
69 | Tm | thulium | - | 168.93±0.01 | 2021 | ||
70 | Yb | ytterbium | - | 173.05±0.02 | 2015 | ||
71 | Lu | lutetium | - | 174.97±0.01 | 2007 | ||
72 | Hf | hafnium | - | 178.49±0.01 | 2019 | ||
73 | Ta | tantalum | - | 180.95±0.01 | 2005 | ||
74 | W | tungsten | - | 183.84±0.01 | 1991 | ||
75 | Re | rhenium | - | 186.21±0.01 | 1973 | ||
76 | Os | osmium | - | 190.23±0.03 | 1991 | ||
77 | Ir | iridium | - | 192.22±0.01 | 2017 | ||
78 | Pt | platinum | - | 195.08±0.02 | 2005 | ||
79 | Au | gold | - | 196.97±0.01 | 2017 | ||
80 | Hg | mercury | - | 200.59±0.01 | 2011 | ||
81 | Tl | thallium | - | 204.38±0.01 | 2009 | ||
82 | Pb | lead | - | 207.2±1.1 | 2020 | ||
83 | Bi | bismuth | - | 208.98±0.01 | 2005 | ||
84 | Po | polonium | - | ||||
85 | At | astatine | - | ||||
86 | Rn | radon | - | ||||
87 | Fr | francium | - | ||||
88 | Ra | radium | - | ||||
89 | Ac | actinium | - | ||||
90 | Th | thorium | - | 232.04±0.01 | 2013 | ||
91 | Pa | protactinium | - | 231.04±0.01 | 2017 | ||
92 | U | uranium | - | 238.03±0.01 | 1999 | ||
93 | Np | neptunium | - | ||||
94 | Pu | plutonium | - | ||||
95 | Am | americium | - | ||||
96 | Cm | curium | - | ||||
97 | Bk | berkelium | - | ||||
98 | Cf | californium | - | ||||
99 | Es | einsteinium | - | ||||
100 | Fm | fermium | - | ||||
101 | Md | mendelevium | - | ||||
102 | No | nobelium | - | ||||
103 | Lr | lawrencium | - | ||||
104 | Rf | rutherfordium | - | ||||
105 | Db | dubnium | - | ||||
106 | Sg | seaborgium | - | ||||
107 | Bh | bohrium | - | ||||
108 | Hs | hassium | - | ||||
109 | Mt | meitnerium | - | ||||
110 | Ds | darmstadtium | - | ||||
111 | Rg | roentgenium | - | ||||
112 | Cn | copernicium | - | ||||
113 | Nh | nihonium | - | ||||
114 | Fl | flerovium | - | ||||
115 | Mc | moscovium | - | ||||
116 | Lv | livermorium | - | ||||
117 | Ts | tennessine | - | ||||
118 | Og | oganesson | - |
- ^ (This list: )CIAAW may publish changes to atomic weights (including its precision and derived values). Since 1947, any update this is done in odd years nominally; the actual date of publication may be some time later.
- 2009
{{CIAAW2009}}
(introducing interval notation; Ge):
- "Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 83 (2): 359–396. 12 December 2010. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14.
- 2011
{{CIAAW2011}}
(interval for Br, Mg):
- 2013
{{CIAAW2013}}
(all elements listed):
- Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- 2015
{{CIAAW2015}}
(ytterbium changed):
- 2017
{{CIAAW2017}}
(14 values changed):
- "Standard atomic weights of 14 chemical elements revised". CIAAW. 2018-06-05.
- 2019 (hafnium value changed): Meija, Juris; et al. (2019-12-09). "Standard atomic weight of hafnium revised". CIAAW. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
- 2020* (lead value changed): Zhu, Xiang-Kun; Benefield, Jacqueline; Coplen, Tyler B.; Gao, Zhaofu; Holden, Norman E. (1 October 2020). "Variation of lead isotopic composition and atomic weight in terrestrial materials (IUPAC Technical Report)". doi:10.1515/pac-2018-0916.
- * "2020" is an inconsistent year for change publication: CIAAW maintains that only odd years, changes are publicised.
- 2021
{{CIAAW2021}}
(all elements listed); (4 values changed; introduced new symbol; merge "conventional" into "abridged" columns; change uncertainty notation (use "±")
- Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in الإنجليزية). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- Uncertainty handling
About notation and handling of the uncertainty in the values, including those in [ ] range values:
- Possolo, Antonio; van der Veen, Adriaan M.H.; Meija, Juris; et al. (4 Jan 2018). "Interpreting and propagating the uncertainty of the standard atomic weights (IUPAC Technical Report)". doi:10.1515/pac-2016-0402. Retrieved 20 Oct 2020.
- {{CIAAW2021}}: changing notation (i.e., interpretation, not the value) from 123.45(2) into 123.45±0.02
المراجع اللاغية- {{NUBASE 1997}} — Audi
- {{NUBASE 2003}} — Audi (used in the 2008 enwiki "Isotopes of <element>" Big Tables)
- {{NUBASE 2012}}
- {{CIAAW2003}} — De Laeter
- {{CIAAW 2005}} — Wieser
- {{CRC85}} ({{CRC85|chapter=11}}) &mdsh; Holden
- "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. -- broken/bad access
- See also: {{Isotopes table/references}}
- 2009
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