قائمة رؤوس دولة أفغانستان
يسرد هذا المقال " رؤساء الدول لـ أفغانستان" "منذ تأسيس أول دولة أفغانية ، أسرة هوتك ، عام 1709.
تشكلت أسرة هوتك بعد انتفاضة ناجحة قادها مرويس هوتك وزعماء قبائل أفغان آخرين من قندهار ضد الحكم المغولي و الفارسي.[1][2][3]
بعد سلسلة طويلة من الحروب ، تم استبدال إمبراطورية هوتك في النهاية ب الدولة الدرانية التي أسسها أحمد شاه دراني في عام 1747.[4][5]
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قائمة رؤساء الدول
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
الملوك
Name | Portrait | Lifespan | Reign | Dynasty | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reign start | Reign end | Duration | ||||
Hotak Empire (1709–1738) | ||||||
Mirwais Hotak | 1673–1715 | 1709 | 1715 | 6 years | Hotak | |
Emir | ||||||
Abdul Aziz Hotak | Died 1717 | 1715 | 1717 | 2 years | Hotak | |
Emir; Brother of Mirwais Hotak | ||||||
Mahmud Hotak | 1697–1725 | 1717 | 22 April 1725 | 8 years | Hotak | |
Emir; Son of Mirwais Hotak | ||||||
Ashraf Hotak | Died 1730 | 22 April 1725 | 1730 | 5 years | Hotak | |
Emir; Nephew of Mirwais Hotak | ||||||
Hussain Hotak | Died 1738 | 1730 | 24 March 1738 | 8 years | Hotak | |
Emir; Son of Mirwais Hotak | ||||||
Afsharid Empire (1738–1747) | ||||||
Nader Shah | 1688–1747 | 24 March 1738 | 19 June 1747 | 9 years, 78 days | Afsharid | |
Emir | ||||||
Durrani Empire (1747–1823) | ||||||
Ahmad Shah Durrani | 1722–1772 | October 1747 | 16 October 1772 | 25 years, 15 days | Durrani | |
Emir | ||||||
Timur Shah Durrani | 1748–1793 | 16 October 1772 | 18 May 1793 | 20 years, 214 days | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Ahmad Shah Durrani | ||||||
Zaman Shah Durrani | 1770–1844 | 18 May 1793 | 25 July 1801 | 8 years, 68 days | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Deposed | ||||||
Mahmud Shah Durrani | 1769–1829 | 25 July 1801 | 13 July 1803 | 1 years, 353 days | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; First Reign; Deposed | ||||||
Shah Shujah Durrani | 1785–1842 | 13 July 1803 | 3 May 1809 | 5 years, 294 days | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; First Reign; Deposed | ||||||
Mahmud Shah Durrani | 1769–1829 | 3 May 1809 | 1818 | 9 years | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Second Reign; Deposed | ||||||
Ali Shah Durrani | 1818 | 1819 | 1 years | Durrani | ||
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Deposed | ||||||
Ayub Shah Durrani | Died 1837 | 1819 | 1823 | 4 years | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Deposed | ||||||
Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926) | ||||||
Dost Mohammad Khan | 1793–1863 | 1823 | 2 August 1839 | 16 years | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Sardar Payenda Khan; First Reign; Exiled | ||||||
Shah Shujah Durrani | 1785–1842 | 7 August 1839 | 5 April 1842 | 2 years, 241 days | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Second Reign; Assassinated following the 1842 retreat from Kabul | ||||||
Wazir Akbar Khan | 1816–1845 | 5 April 1842 | 1845 | 3 years | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | ||||||
Dost Mohammad Khan | 1793–1863 | 1845 | 9 June 1863 | 18 years | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Sardar Payenda Khan; Second Reign | ||||||
Sher Ali Khan | 1825–1879 | 9 June 1863 | 1865 | 2 years | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan; First Reign; Deposed | ||||||
Mohammad Afzal Khan | 1811–1867 | 1865 | 7 October 1867 | 2 years | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | ||||||
Mohammad Azam Khan | Died 1868 | 7 October 1867 | 21 February 1868 | 137 days | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | ||||||
Sher Ali Khan | 1825–1879 | 7 October 1868 | 21 February 1879 | 10 years, 137 days | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan; Second Reign | ||||||
Mohammad Yaqub Khan | 1849–1923 | 21 February 1879 | 12 October 1879 | 233 days | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Sher Ali Khan | ||||||
Ayub Khan | 1857–1914 | 12 October 1879 | 31 May 1880 | 232 days | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Sher Ali Khan; Deposed | ||||||
Abdur Rahman Khan | 1840/1844–1901 | 31 May 1880 | 1 October 1901 | 21 years, 123 days | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Mohammad Afzal Khan | ||||||
Habibullah Khan | 1872–1919 | 1 October 1901 | 20 February 1919 | 17 years, 142 days | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Abdur Rahman Khan; Assassinated | ||||||
Nasrullah Khan | 1874–1920 | 21 February 1919 | 28 February 1919 | 7 days | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Abdur Rahman Khan; Deposed | ||||||
Amanullah Khan | 1892–1960 | 28 February 1919 | 9 June 1926 | 7 years, 101 days | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Habibullah Khan | ||||||
Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973) | ||||||
Amanullah Khan | 1892–1960 | 9 June 1926 | 14 January 1929 | 2 years, 219 days | Barakzai | |
King; Son of Habibullah Khan; Deposed | ||||||
Inayatullah Khan | 1888–1946 | 14 January 1929 | 17 January 1929 | 3 days | Barakzai | |
King; Son of Habibullah Khan; Abdicated | ||||||
Emirate of Afghanistan (1929) | ||||||
Habibullāh Kalakāni | 1891–1929 | 17 January 1929 [note 1] | 13 October 1929 | 269 days | Non-Dynastic | |
King and Emir [note 2]; Contested the throne during the 1928–29 civil war; Deposed and executed | ||||||
Ali Ahmad Khan | 1883–1929 | 17 January 1929 | 9 February 1929 | 23 days | Non-Dynastic | |
King; Rose in opposition to Kalakāni during the 1928–29 civil war; Captured and executed | ||||||
Amanullah Khan | 1892–1960 | March 1929 | 23 May 1929 | 83 days | Barakzai | |
King, Returned to Afghanistan to contest the throne during the 1928–29 civil war; Eventually retreated back into British India. | ||||||
Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973) | ||||||
Mohammed Nadir Shah | 1883–1933 | 15 October 1929 | 8 November 1933 | 4 years, 24 days | Barakzai | |
King; Grandnephew of Dost Mohammed Khan; Assassinated by Abdul Khaliq Hazara | ||||||
Mohammed Zahir Shah | 1914–2007 | 8 November 1933 | 17 July 1973 | 39 years, 251 days | Barakzai | |
King; Son of Mohammed Nadir Shah; Deposed |
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الملوك المحليون
Some rulers tried to take advantage of internal conflicts in Afghanistan to claim the throne. However, their rule was limited only to certain areas.
Name | Lifespan | Reign | Dynasty | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reign start | Reign end | Duration | |||
Jehandad Khan | Died 1914 | May 1912 | ح. 1 month | Non-dynastic | |
Emir; Ruled only in Khost during the 1912 rebellion. | |||||
Abd-al Karim | 1897–1927 | July 1924 | 30 January 1925 | 213 days | Barakzai |
Emir; Son of Mohammad Yaqub Khan, rule limited to the Southern Province during the 1924–1925 rebellion. | |||||
Salemai | Unknown | 1944/45 | late 1946 | ح. 2 years | Non-dynastic |
King; rule limited to the Eastern Province during the 1944–47 tribal revolts. |
غير الملوك
Name | Portrait | Lifespan | Term of office | Political party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) | |||||||
Mohammed Daoud Khan | 1909–1978 | 17 July 1973 | 28 April 1978 | 4 years, 285 days | Independent (until 1976) | ||
National Revolutionary Party | |||||||
President; Member of the Barakzai dynasty (first cousin of Mohammed Zahir Shah); Assassinated | |||||||
Democratic (Communist) Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992) | |||||||
Colonel Abdul Qadir |
1944–2014 | 28 April 1978 | 30 April 1978 | 2 days | People's Democratic Party (Khalq faction) | ||
Chairman of the Presidium of the Military Revolutionary Council | |||||||
Nur Muhammad Taraki | 1917–1979 | 30 April 1978 | 14 September 1979 | 1 years, 137 days | People's Democratic Party (Khalq faction) | ||
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Assassinated | |||||||
Hafizullah Amin | 1929–1979 | 14 September 1979 | 27 December 1979 | 104 days | People's Democratic Party (Khalq faction) | ||
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Assassinated | |||||||
Babrak Karmal | 1929–1996 | 27 December 1979 | 24 November 1986 | 6 years, 332 days | People's Democratic Party (Parcham faction) | ||
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Dismissed | |||||||
Haji Mohammad Chamkani | 1947–2012 | 24 November 1986 | 30 September 1987 | 310 days | Independent | ||
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Appointed as part of National Reconciliation process | |||||||
Mohammad Najibullah | 1947–1996 | 30 September 1987 | 16 April 1992 | 4 years, 199 days | People's Democratic Party (Parcham faction) (until 1990) | ||
Homeland Party | |||||||
President (Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council until 30 November 1987); Resigned | |||||||
Abdul Rahim Hatif | 1926–2013 | 16 April 1992 | 28 April 1992 | 12 days | Homeland Party | ||
Acting President; Deposed | |||||||
Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–2002) | |||||||
Sibghatullah Mojaddedi | 1925–2019 | 28 April 1992 | 28 June 1992 | 61 days | National Liberation Front | ||
Acting President; Resigned | |||||||
Burhanuddin Rabbani | 1940–2011 | 28 June 1992 | 22 December 2001 | 9 years, 167 days | Jamiat-e Islami | ||
President; Between 1996 and 2001, the Islamic State remained the internationally recognized government, despite only controlling about 10% of Afghan territory | |||||||
Hamid Karzai | 1957– | 22 December 2001 | 13 July 2002 | 203 days | Independent | ||
Acting President | |||||||
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) | |||||||
Mullah Mohammed Omar |
1960–2013 | 27 September 1996 | 13 November 2001 | 5 years, 47 days | Taliban | ||
Emir and Commander of the Faithful; The Islamic Emirate never attained widespread international recognition, despite controlling about 90% of Afghan territory; Deposed | |||||||
Mullah Mohammad Rabbani |
1955–2001 | 27 September 1996 | 13 April 2001 | 4 years, 198 days | Taliban | ||
Head of the Supreme Council; Deputy leader of the Taliban; Died in office | |||||||
Maulavi Abdul Kabir |
1958/1963– | 16 April 2001 | 13 November 2001 | 211 days | Taliban | ||
Acting Head of the Supreme Council; Deposed | |||||||
Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (2002–2004) | |||||||
Hamid Karzai | 1957– | 13 July 2002 | 7 December 2004 | 2 years, 147 days | Independent | ||
Transitional President | |||||||
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–present) | |||||||
Hamid Karzai | 1957– | 7 December 2004 | 29 September 2014 | 9 years, 296 days | Independent | ||
President; First democratically elected head of state | |||||||
Ashraf Ghani | 1949– | 29 September 2014 | Incumbent | 10 years, 46 days | Independent | ||
President; First peaceful transfer of power |
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معايير رؤساء الدول
أنظر أيضاً
- President of Afghanistan
- Prime Minister of Afghanistan
- Chief Executive (Afghanistan)
- Name of Afghanistan
- History of Afghanistan
- List of Pashtun empires and dynasties
ملاحظات
المصادر
- ^ "An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722-1922)". Edward Granville Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 29. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ^ Otfinoski, Steven (2004). Afghanistan. Infobase Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 0-8160-5056-2. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
- ^ Malleson, George Bruce (1878). History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878. London: Elibron.com. p. 227. ISBN 1-4021-7278-8. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
- ^ "Afghanistan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747.
- ^ "Last Afghan empire". Louis Dupree, Nancy Hatch Dupree and others. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Version. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ^ Qassem, Dr Ahmad Shayeq (2013-03-28). Afghanistan's Political Stability: A Dream Unrealised (in الإنجليزية). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 175. ISBN 9781409499428.
- ^ Wazir, Azmatullah Khan (2002). The immediate solution of Afghan crisis (in الإنجليزية). A.K. Wazir. p. 8.
- ^ Muḥammad, Fayz̤; McChesney, R. D. (1999). Kabul under siege: Fayz Muhammad's account of the 1929 Uprising (in الإنجليزية). Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 37. ISBN 9781558761544.
- ^ "ExecutedToday.com » 1929: Habibullah Kalakani, Tajik bandit-king" (in الإنجليزية). 1 November 2016. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Muḥammad, Fayz̤; Hazārah, Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib; Muḥammad, Faiḍ (1999). Kabul Under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising (in الإنجليزية). Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-55876-155-1.