قائمة رؤوس دولة أفغانستان

يسرد هذا المقال " رؤساء الدول لـ أفغانستان" "منذ تأسيس أول دولة أفغانية ، أسرة هوتك ، عام 1709.

تشكلت أسرة هوتك بعد انتفاضة ناجحة قادها مرويس هوتك وزعماء قبائل أفغان آخرين من قندهار ضد الحكم المغولي و الفارسي.[1][2][3]

بعد سلسلة طويلة من الحروب ، تم استبدال إمبراطورية هوتك في النهاية ب الدولة الدرانية التي أسسها أحمد شاه دراني في عام 1747.[4][5]


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قائمة رؤساء الدول

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)


الملوك

Name Portrait Lifespan Reign Dynasty
Reign start Reign end Duration
Hotak Empire (1709–1738)
Mirwais Hotak MIRWAIS HOTAK.png 1673–1715 1709 1715 6 years Hotak
Emir
Abdul Aziz Hotak No image.svg Died 1717 1715 1717 2 years Hotak
Emir; Brother of Mirwais Hotak
Mahmud Hotak SHAH-MAHMUD-HOTAK.jpg 1697–1725 1717 22 April 1725 8 years Hotak
Emir; Son of Mirwais Hotak
Ashraf Hotak Ashraf Shah Hotaki 1725-1729.jpg Died 1730 22 April 1725 1730 5 years Hotak
Emir; Nephew of Mirwais Hotak
Hussain Hotak Shah-Husain-Hotak.jpg Died 1738 1730 24 March 1738 8 years Hotak
Emir; Son of Mirwais Hotak
Afsharid Empire (1738–1747)
Nader Shah Nader Shah Afshar (cropped).jpg 1688–1747 24 March 1738 19 June 1747 9 سنة, 78 يوم Afsharid
Emir
Durrani Empire (1747–1823)
Ahmad Shah Durrani Portrait of Ahmad Shah Durrani.jpg 1722–1772 October 1747 16 October 1772 25 سنة, 15 يوم Durrani
Emir
Timur Shah Durrani Temur-Shah.jpg 1748–1793 16 October 1772 18 May 1793 20 سنة, 214 يوم Durrani
Emir; Son of Ahmad Shah Durrani
Zaman Shah Durrani Shah-Zaman-Khan.jpg 1770–1844 18 May 1793 25 July 1801 8 سنة, 68 يوم Durrani
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Deposed
Mahmud Shah Durrani Mahmud Shah Durrani.jpg 1769–1829 25 July 1801 13 July 1803 1 سنة, 353 يوم Durrani
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; First Reign; Deposed
Shah Shujah Durrani Shah-Shuja-ul-Mulk.png 1785–1842 13 July 1803 3 May 1809 5 سنة, 294 يوم Durrani
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; First Reign; Deposed
Mahmud Shah Durrani Mahmud Shah Durrani.jpg 1769–1829 3 May 1809 1818 9 years Durrani
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Second Reign; Deposed
Ali Shah Durrani No image.svg 1818 1819 1 years Durrani
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Deposed
Ayub Shah Durrani No image.svg Died 1837 1819 1823 4 years Durrani
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Deposed
Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926)
Dost Mohammad Khan Dost Mohammad Khan, of Caubal, Emir of Afghanistan.jpg 1793–1863 1823 2 August 1839 16 years Barakzai
Emir; Son of Sardar Payenda Khan; First Reign; Exiled
Shah Shujah Durrani Shah-Shuja-ul-Mulk.png 1785–1842 7 August 1839 5 April 1842 2 سنة, 241 يوم Durrani
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Second Reign; Assassinated following the 1842 retreat from Kabul
Wazir Akbar Khan Prince Akbar Khan.jpg 1816–1845 5 April 1842 1845 3 years Barakzai
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan
Dost Mohammad Khan Dost Mohammad Khan, of Caubal, Emir of Afghanistan.jpg 1793–1863 1845 9 June 1863 18 years Barakzai
Emir; Son of Sardar Payenda Khan; Second Reign
Sher Ali Khan Sher Ali Khan of Afghanistan in 1869.jpg 1825–1879 9 June 1863 1865 2 years Barakzai
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan; First Reign; Deposed
Mohammad Afzal Khan Amir-Muhammad-Afzal-Khan.jpg 1811–1867 1865 7 October 1867 2 years Barakzai
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan
Mohammad Azam Khan Amir-Muhamad-Azam-Khan.jpg Died 1868 7 October 1867 21 February 1868 137 يوم Barakzai
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan
Sher Ali Khan Sher Ali Khan of Afghanistan in 1869.jpg 1825–1879 7 October 1868 21 February 1879 10 سنة, 137 يوم Barakzai
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan; Second Reign
Mohammad Yaqub Khan Yaqub Khan.jpg 1849–1923 21 February 1879 12 October 1879 233 يوم Barakzai
Emir; Son of Sher Ali Khan
Ayub Khan MohammadAyoubKhan.jpg 1857–1914 12 October 1879 31 May 1880 232 يوم Barakzai
Emir; Son of Sher Ali Khan; Deposed
Abdur Rahman Khan Abdur rahman.jpg 1840/1844–1901 31 May 1880 1 October 1901 21 سنة, 123 يوم Barakzai
Emir; Son of Mohammad Afzal Khan
Habibullah Khan Habibullah.jpg 1872–1919 1 October 1901 20 February 1919 17 سنة, 142 يوم Barakzai
Emir; Son of Abdur Rahman Khan; Assassinated
Nasrullah Khan Nasrullah Khan.png 1874–1920 21 February 1919 28 February 1919 7 يوم Barakzai
Emir; Son of Abdur Rahman Khan; Deposed
Amanullah Khan King Amanullah Khan.jpg 1892–1960 28 February 1919 9 June 1926 7 سنة, 101 يوم Barakzai
Emir; Son of Habibullah Khan
Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973)
Amanullah Khan King Amanullah Khan.jpg 1892–1960 9 June 1926 14 January 1929 2 سنة, 219 يوم Barakzai
King; Son of Habibullah Khan; Deposed
Inayatullah Khan King Inayatullah Khan of Afghanistan.jpg 1888–1946 14 January 1929 17 January 1929 3 يوم Barakzai
King; Son of Habibullah Khan; Abdicated
Emirate of Afghanistan (1929)
Habibullāh Kalakāni Habibullah Kalakani of Afghanistan.jpg 1891–1929 17 January 1929 [note 1] 13 October 1929 269 يوم Non-Dynastic
King and Emir [note 2]; Contested the throne during the 1928–29 civil war; Deposed and executed
Ali Ahmad Khan Ali Ahmad Khan Luynab.png 1883–1929 17 January 1929 9 February 1929 23 يوم Non-Dynastic
King; Rose in opposition to Kalakāni during the 1928–29 civil war; Captured and executed
Amanullah Khan King Amanullah Khan.jpg 1892–1960 March 1929 23 May 1929 83 يوم Barakzai
King, Returned to Afghanistan to contest the throne during the 1928–29 civil war; Eventually retreated back into British India.
Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973)
Mohammed Nadir Shah Nadir Khan of Afghanistan.jpg 1883–1933 15 October 1929 8 November 1933 4 سنة, 24 يوم Barakzai
King; Grandnephew of Dost Mohammed Khan; Assassinated by Abdul Khaliq Hazara
Mohammed Zahir Shah King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan in 1963.jpg 1914–2007 8 November 1933 17 July 1973 39 سنة, 251 يوم Barakzai
King; Son of Mohammed Nadir Shah; Deposed


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الملوك المحليون

Some rulers tried to take advantage of internal conflicts in Afghanistan to claim the throne. However, their rule was limited only to certain areas.

Name Lifespan Reign Dynasty
Reign start Reign end Duration
Jehandad Khan Died 1914 May 1912 ح. 1 month Non-dynastic
Emir; Ruled only in Khost during the 1912 rebellion.
Abd-al Karim 1897–1927 July 1924 30 January 1925 213 يوم Barakzai
Emir; Son of Mohammad Yaqub Khan, rule limited to the Southern Province during the 1924–1925 rebellion.
Salemai Unknown 1944/45 late 1946 ح. 2 years Non-dynastic
King; rule limited to the Eastern Province during the 1944–47 tribal revolts.

غير الملوك

Name Portrait Lifespan Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)
Mohammed Daoud Khan Mohammed Daoud Khan.jpg 1909–1978 17 July 1973 28 April 1978 4 سنة, 285 يوم Independent
(until 1976)
National Revolutionary Party
President; Member of the Barakzai dynasty (first cousin of Mohammed Zahir Shah); Assassinated
Democratic (Communist) Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992)
Colonel
Abdul Qadir 		No image.svg 1944–2014 28 April 1978 30 April 1978 2 يوم People's Democratic Party
(Khalq faction)
Chairman of the Presidium of the Military Revolutionary Council
Nur Muhammad Taraki No image.svg 1917–1979 30 April 1978 14 September 1979 1 سنة, 137 يوم People's Democratic Party
(Khalq faction)
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Assassinated
Hafizullah Amin Hafizullah Amin.jpg 1929–1979 14 September 1979 27 December 1979 104 يوم People's Democratic Party
(Khalq faction)
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Assassinated
Babrak Karmal No image.svg 1929–1996 27 December 1979 24 November 1986 6 سنة, 332 يوم People's Democratic Party
(Parcham faction)
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Dismissed
Haji Mohammad Chamkani No image.svg 1947–2012 24 November 1986 30 September 1987 310 يوم Independent
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Appointed as part of National Reconciliation process
Mohammad Najibullah Mohammad Najibullah 1986.jpg 1947–1996 30 September 1987 16 April 1992 4 سنة, 199 يوم People's Democratic Party
(Parcham faction)
(until 1990)
Homeland Party
President (Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council until 30 November 1987); Resigned
Abdul Rahim Hatif No image.svg 1926–2013 16 April 1992 28 April 1992 12 يوم Homeland Party
Acting President; Deposed
Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–2002)
Sibghatullah Mojaddedi Mojaddedi in September 2014.jpg 1925–2019 28 April 1992 28 June 1992 61 يوم National Liberation Front
Acting President; Resigned
Burhanuddin Rabbani Burhanuddin Rabbani Cropped DVIDS.jpg 1940–2011 28 June 1992 22 December 2001 9 سنة, 167 يوم Jamiat-e Islami
President; Between 1996 and 2001, the Islamic State remained the internationally recognized government, despite only controlling about 10% of Afghan territory
Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai 2004-06-14.jpg 1957– 22 December 2001 13 July 2002 203 يوم Independent
Acting President
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
Mullah
Mohammed Omar 		No image.svg 1960–2013 27 September 1996 13 November 2001 5 سنة, 47 يوم Taliban
Emir and Commander of the Faithful; The Islamic Emirate never attained widespread international recognition, despite controlling about 90% of Afghan territory; Deposed
Mullah
Mohammad Rabbani 		No image.svg 1955–2001 27 September 1996 13 April 2001 4 سنة, 198 يوم Taliban
Head of the Supreme Council; Deputy leader of the Taliban; Died in office
Maulavi
Abdul Kabir 		No image.svg 1958/1963– 16 April 2001 13 November 2001 211 يوم Taliban
Acting Head of the Supreme Council; Deposed
Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (2002–2004)
Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai 2004-06-14.jpg 1957– 13 July 2002 7 December 2004 2 سنة, 147 يوم Independent
Transitional President
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–present)
Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai 2004-06-14.jpg 1957– 7 December 2004 29 September 2014 9 سنة, 296 يوم Independent
President; First democratically elected head of state
Ashraf Ghani Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai July 2014 (cropped).jpg 1949– 29 September 2014 Incumbent 9 سنة, 238 يوم Independent
President; First peaceful transfer of power


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معايير رؤساء الدول

  • Standard of the King of Afghanistan, 1931–1973.

    Standard of the King of Afghanistan, 1931–1973.

  • Standard of the President of Afghanistan, 2004–2013.

    Standard of the President of Afghanistan, 2004–2013.

  • Standard of the President of Afghanistan, 2013–present.

    Standard of the President of Afghanistan, 2013–present.

أنظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

  1. ^ Most sources list 17 January 1929, the day that Kalakani captured Kabul, as the date that his reign began.[6][7] However, he had been formally claiming the title of emir since 14 December 1928.[8]
  2. ^ Kalakani referred to himself as both "King"[9] and "Emir".[10]

المصادر

  1. ^ "An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722-1922)". Edward Granville Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 29. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
  2. ^ Otfinoski, Steven (2004). Afghanistan. Infobase Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 0-8160-5056-2. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  3. ^ Malleson, George Bruce (1878). History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878. London: Elibron.com. p. 227. ISBN 1-4021-7278-8. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  4. ^ "Afghanistan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2010-10-23. Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747.
  5. ^ "Last Afghan empire". Louis Dupree, Nancy Hatch Dupree and others. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Version. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
  6. ^ Qassem, Dr Ahmad Shayeq (2013-03-28). Afghanistan's Political Stability: A Dream Unrealised (in الإنجليزية). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 175. ISBN 9781409499428.
  7. ^ Wazir, Azmatullah Khan (2002). The immediate solution of Afghan crisis (in الإنجليزية). A.K. Wazir. p. 8.
  8. ^ Muḥammad, Fayz̤; McChesney, R. D. (1999). Kabul under siege: Fayz Muhammad's account of the 1929 Uprising (in الإنجليزية). Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 37. ISBN 9781558761544.
  9. ^ "ExecutedToday.com » 1929: Habibullah Kalakani, Tajik bandit-king" (in الإنجليزية). 1 November 2016. Retrieved 2019-11-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ Muḥammad, Fayz̤; Hazārah, Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib; Muḥammad, Faiḍ (1999). Kabul Under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising (in الإنجليزية). Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-55876-155-1.

وصلات خارجية

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