قائمة أثقل الثدييات البرية
أثقل الثدييات البرية هو فيل الأحراش الأفريقي الذي يزن أكثر من 11.1 طن. يصل دوله حتى الكتف 10-13 قدماً ويستهلك حوالي 230 كج من النباتات يومياً. أما أنيابه فيصل طولها إلى 2.7 متراً، على الرغم من أنه في المجموعات الحديثة تم تسجيلها بشكل شائع بطول 0.6-0.9 متراً.[1] يبلغ متوسط سرعة مشي الفيل 7.2 كم/ساعة، لكن يمكنه الركض بسرعات مسجلة تصل إلى 24 كم/ساعة.[2]
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أثقل الثدييات البرية الموجودة
انظر أيضاً
الهوامش
- ^ Entries are ordered by the median or mean body mass (in that order of preference), if available, or otherwise by the geometric mean of the body mass range limits.
- ^ The domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) also occurs as feral populations, sometimes in sympatry with Bubalus arnee.[20]
المصادر
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- ^ Stanford News Service Stanford News Service Retrieved April 3, 2016
- ^ Larramendi, A. (2016). "Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61. doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014. S2CID 2092950. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-24.
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- ^ Boitani, Luigi, Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books (1984), ISBN 978-0-671-42805-1
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- ^ أ ب Aryal, A.; Shrestha, T.K.; Ram, A.; Frey, W.; Groves, C.; Hemmer, H.; Dhakal, M.; Koirala, R.J.; Heinen, J.; Raubenheimer, D. (2011). "Call to conserve the Wild Water Buffalo (Bubalus arnee) in Nepal" (PDF). International Journal of Conservation Science. 2 (4): 261–268. Retrieved 2020-05-25. See page 262.
- ^ Ahrestani, F.S.; Heitkönig, I.M.A.; Matsubayashi, H.; Prins, H.H.T. (2016). "Grazing and Browsing by Large Herbivores in South and Southeast Asia" (PDF). In Ahrestani, F.S.; Sankaran, M. (eds.). The Ecology of Large Herbivores in South and Southeast Asia. Ecological Studies. Vol. 225. Springer Netherlands. pp. 99–120. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7570-0_4. ISBN 978-94-017-7568-7. ISSN 0070-8356. Retrieved 2020-05-25.
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ignored (help) See page 104. - ^ Han Jianlin, M. Melletti, J. Burton, 2014, Wild yak (Bos mutus Przewalski, 1883), Ecology, Evolution and Behavior of Wild Cattle: Implications for Conservation, Chapter 1, p.203, Cambridge University Press
- ^ Atlan, B. "Taurotragus derbianus". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
- ^ Boitani, Luigi, Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books (1984), ISBN 978-0-671-42805-1
- ^ أ ب Burnie D and Wilson DE (Eds.), Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. DK Adult (2005), ISBN 0789477645
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- ^ Cockrill, W. R., ed. (1974). The husbandry and health of the domestic buffalo. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- ^ Buchholtz, C. (1990). True Cattle (Genus Bos). pp. 386–397 in S. Parker, ed. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, Volume 5. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. (quoted in Oliphant, M. (2003). Bos grunniens (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 4 April 2009)
- ^ Derocher, A. E.; Wiig, Ø. (2002). "Postnatal growth in body length and mass of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard". Journal of Zoology. 256 (3): 343–349. doi:10.1017/S0952836902000377.
- ^ Hemstock, p. 4
- ^ Wood, G.L. (1983). The Guinness Book of Animal Records. Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Superlatives. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9.
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- ^ Wood, Gerald (1983). The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. Guinness Superlatives. ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9.
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- ^ Cape Buffalo, Encyclopedia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/animal/Cape-buffalo
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- ^ Franzmann, A. W. (1981). Alces alces. Mammalian Species, 1-7.
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