فارماكونيسي

Farmakonisi Φαρμακονήσι
Farmakonisi الموقع في المنطقة
الإحداثيات: 37°17′24″N 27°05′06″E
البلد	اليونان
المنطقة الادارية	جنوب إيجة
الوحدة المحلية	كاليمنوس
المساحة
• الإجمالي	3٫866 كم² (1٫493 ميل²)
التعداد  (2011)
• الإجمالي	10
• الكثافة	2٫6/km2 (6٫7/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+2 (EET)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code	854 00
مفتاح الهاتف	22470

Farmakonisi or Pharmakonisi (باليونانية: Φαρμακονήσι) is a small Greek island and community of the Dodecanese, in the Aegean Sea, Greece. It lies in the middle between the chain of the Dodecanese islands in the west, and the coast of Asia Minor (Turkey) in the east. To the north of it are the island of Agathonisi, to the west the islands of Leipsoi, Patmos and Leros, and to the south the islands of Kalymnos and Pserimos. It forms part of the municipality of Leros, and had a 2001 census population of 74 inhabitants, while in the 2011 census the population dropped to 10 inhabitants. Prominent historical monuments on the island include the church of Agios Georgios (باليونانية: Άγιος Γεώργιος) and the nearby ruins of an ancient Roman temple.

The area of Farmakonisi is 1.48 sq mi (3.8 km²).

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 Name

In Antiquity, the island was known as Pharmakousa (باليونانية: Φαρμακοῦσσα, لاتينية: Pharmacussa) and took its name from pharmaceutical herbs that were growing on it. Alternative names for it are Pharmakos, whence it is known as Farmaco in Italian. It is known as Bulamaç in Turkish.

 التاريخ

في الأمام، من اليسار إلى اليمين: أركوي، Leipsoi, ليروس. وفي الخلف، من اليسار إلى اليمين: أگاثونيسي، فارماكونيسي والخط الساحلي التركي.

In ancient times, Hippocrates used to visit Farmakonisi to gather pharmaceutical herbs. Plutarch in his Parallel Lives tells that the young Julius Caesar, while traveling to Asia Minor, was kidnapped by pirates and held prisoner there 38 days. During his imprisonment he promised them that, if he were freed, he would have all of them killed. After having paid a ransom twice as high as his kidnappers claimed (since he said that the required amount was too low for someone like himself), and having been freed, he organized a fleet and maintained his promise, crucifying all of them.

في العصر الحديث، فإن الجـُزَيْرة، التابعة لجزيرة ليروس، اِختُلـَّت في 1912 من قِبل مملكة إيطاليا أثناء الحرب الإيطالية التركية وبعد أن أصبحت جزءاً من جزر إيجة الإيطالية, تنازلت عنها إيطاليا لليونان في 1947.

 Administration

Since 2011, as part of the Kallikratis Plan, the island has been part of the municipality of Leros.

 Flora

Farmakonisi was notable since the ancient times for its very rich flora with several species of herbs growing on the island's surface. The flora is dominated by cedar, while cereals were grown in the small plateau of the island in past times.

 Sources

• Bertarelli, L.V. (1929). Guida d'Italia, Vol. XVII (in Italian). Milano: Consociazione Turistica Italiana.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

 External links

• Official website of Municipality of Leros (in إنگليزية, Greek, and إيطالية)