جزر إيجة الإيطالية

الجزر الإيطالية في بحر إيجة

Isole italiane dell'Egeo
Ἰταλικαὶ Νῆσοι Αἰγαίου Πελάγους
1912–1943
علم جزر إيجة
العلم
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Coat of arms
Motto: Foedere et Religione Tenemur
"We are held together by Pact and Religion"
النشيد: Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza
"Royal March of Ordinance"a
Nomos Dodekanisou.png
المكانةوضع وسط بين مستعمرة وجزء لا يتجزأ من إيطاليا
العاصمةرودس
اللغات الشائعةاليونانية، الإيطالية، التركية
الدين الروم الأرثوذكس,
الروم الكاثوليك
القائد العسكري (حتى 1922) حاكم (1922-1943) 
• 1912–1913
Giovanni Ameglio (الأول)
• 1922–1936
Mario Lago (أول حاكم)
• 1936-1940
Cesare Maria De Vecchi
• 1940–1941
Ettore Bastico
• 1941–1943
Inigo Campioni
الحقبة التاريخيةفترة ما بين الحربين / الحرب العالمية الثانية
27 أبريل 1912
سبتمبر-نوفمبر 1943
Area
19362,668 km2 (1,030 sq mi)
التعداد
• 1936
132289
Currencyالليرة الإيطالية
سبقها		 تلاها
سنجق رودس
سنجق ساكيز
حملة الدوديكانيز
a: بعد الاستيلاء الفاشي في 1922، السلام غير الرسمي كان Giovinezza ("الشباب").[1]

الجزر الإيطالية في بحر إيجة (إيطالية: Isole italiane dell'Egeo, باليونانية: Ἰταλικαὶ Νῆσοι Αἰγαίου Πελάγους؛ إنگليزية: Italian Islands of the Aegean) كانت مجموعة من اثنتي عشر جزيرة رئيسية (الدوديكانيز) في جنوب شرق بحر إيجة، التي — مع الجـُزَيرات المحيطة — كانت تحكمها مملكة إيطاليا من 1912 حتى 1943.

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خلفية

The Dodecanese, except Kastellorizo, were occupied by Italy during the Italo-Turkish War of 1912. Italy had agreed to return the islands to the Ottoman Empire according to the معاهدة أوشي in 1912;[2] however the vagueness of the text allowed a provisional Italian administration of the islands, and إيطاليا eventually renounced all claims on the Dodecanese with Article 15 of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.[3]


Archeology

Mussolini stated that Rhodes had merely returned to its ancestral home after being annexed by Italy, as the Dodecanese had been an important part of the Roman Empire.[4] Major Italian archaeological efforts from the 1930s onward were intended to discover Roman antiquities and thus strengthen the Italian claim on the islands.[4][5]

Administrative division

Island (Italian name in parentheses) Area Population
Rhodes (Rodi) and dependent islets 1,412 km2 (545 sq mi) 60,244
Patmos (Patmo) and dependent islets 57.1 km2 (22.0 sq mi) 3214
Leipsoi (Lisso) 174 km2 (67 sq mi) 993
Kalymnos (Calino) and dependent islets 128.2 km2 (49.5 sq mi) 15,338
Kos (Coo) 296 km2 (114 sq mi) 20,003
Astypalaia (Stampalia) and dependent islets 113.6 km2 (43.9 sq mi) 1767
Nisyros (Nisiro) and dependent islets 48 km2 (19 sq mi) 2375
Symi (Simi) and dependent islets 63.6 km2 (24.6 sq mi) 6176
Tilos (Piscopi) and dependent islets 64.3 km2 (24.8 sq mi) 1227
Halki (Calchi) and dependent islets 30.3 km2 (11.7 sq mi) 1476
Karpathos (Scarpanto) and dependent islets 306 km2 (118 sq mi) 7893
Kasos (Caso) and dependent islets 69.4 km2 (26.8 sq mi) 1913
Megisti (Castelrosso) and dependent islets 11.5 km2 (4.4 sq mi) 2267
Italian Aegean Islands 2,668.3 km2 (1,030.2 sq mi) 132,289
Source: Census of 1936
Source: Annuario Generale, Consociazione Turistica Italiana, Roma, 1938

التوسع المزمع

Il Castello del Gran Maestro dei Cavalieri di Rodi, ristrutturato dagli italiani nel 1940.

After the Battle of Greece, Fascist authorities pushed for the incorporation of the Cyclades and Sporades into Italy's Aegean possession, but the Germans were opposed to any territorial reduction of the puppet Hellenic State.[6] As the Cyclades were already under Italian occupation, the preparation for outright annexation was continued despite German opposition.[6]

نهاية النفوذ الإيطالي

La 281ª squadriglia nella base di Gadurrà (Isole Italiane dell'Egeo), giugno 1941: si riconoscono gli aerosiluratori كارلو إمانوِلى بوسكاليا e كارلو فاجوني

After the Italian capitulation of September 1943, the islands briefly became a battleground between the Germans, British and the Italians (the Dodecanese Campaign).[7] The Germans prevailed, and although they were driven out of mainland Greece in 1944, the Dodecanese remained occupied until the end of the war in 1945.[7] During the German occupation, the Dodecanese remained under the nominal sovereignty of the Italian Social Republic, but were de facto subject to the German military command.[8] After the end of World War II, the islands came under provisional British administration.

In the Treaty of Peace in 1947, the islands were ceded to Greece.[7]

List of governors of the Italian Islands of the Aegean (1912–47)

انظر أيضاً: List of governors of the Italian Islands of the Aegean

See also

== المراجع ==

  1. ^ www.nationalanthems.info
  2. ^ Treaty of Ouchy (1912), also known as the First Treaty of Lausanne
  3. ^ James Barros, The Corfu Incident of 1923: Mussolini and The League of Nations, Princeton University Press, 1965 (reprinted 2015), ISBN 1400874610, p. 69
  4. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة palapas
  5. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة dubin437
  6. ^ أ ب Davide Rodogno (2006). Fascism's European empire: Italian occupation during the Second World War. Cambridge University Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-521-84515-7.
  7. ^ أ ب ت Dubin (2002), p. 438
  8. ^ Nicola Cospito; Hans Werner Neulen (1992). Salò-Berlino: l'alleanza difficile. La Repubblica Sociale Italiana nei documenti segreti del Terzo Reich. Mursia. p. 128. ISBN 88-425-1285-0.

Italian sources

  • Calace, Francesca (a cura di), «Restituiamo la Storia» – dagli archivi ai territori. Architetture e modelli urbani nel Mediterraneo orientale. Gangemi, Roma, 2012 (collana PRIN 2006 «Restituiamo la Storia»)
  • Tuccimei, Ercole. La Banca d'Italia in Africa, Foreword by Arnaldo Mauri, Laterza, Bari, 1999.
  • Pignataro, Luca. Le Isole Italiane dell'Egeo dall'8 settembre 1943 al termine della seconda guerra mondiale in "Clio. Rivista internazionale di studi storici", 3(2001).
  • Pignataro, Luca. Il tramonto del Dodecaneso italiano 1945-1950 in "Clio. Rivista internazionale di studi storici", 4(2001)
  • Pignataro, Luca. Ombre sul Dodecaneso italiano, in "Nuova Storia Contemporanea", XII, 3(2008), pp. 61–94
  • Pignataro, Luca. Il Dodecaneso italiano, con appendice fotografica, in "Nuova Storia Contemporanea" 2(2010)
  • Pignataro, Luca. La presenza cattolica in Dodecaneso tra 1924 e 1937, in "Nova Historica" 32(2010)
  • Pignataro, Luca. Il collegio rabbinico di Rodi, in "Nuova Storia Contemporanea", 6(2011)
  • Pignataro, Luca. I naufraghi del Pentcho, in "Nuova Storia Contemporanea", 1(2012)
  • Pignataro, Luca. Il Dodecaneso italiano 1912-1947, vol. I: L’occupazione iniziale 1912-1922, Chieti, Solfanelli, 2011


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