سى‌جونگ الأكبر

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Sejong the Great
세종대왕
Sejong the Great Bronze statue 02.JPG
التمثال البرونزي للملك سى‌جونگ الأكبر في قصر دوكسو
ملك جوسون
العهد1418–1450
التتويج18 سبتمبر 1418(1418-09-18) (aged 21)
سبقهTaejong of Joseon
تبعهMunjong of Joseon
الوصيTaejong of Joseon as Former King (1418–1422)
Munjong of Joseon as Crown Prince (1444–1450)
وُلِد7 May 1397
Hanseong، مملكة جوسون[1]
توفي8 أبريل 1450(1450-04-08) (aged 52)
Hanseong، جوسون
ConsortQueen Soheon
الأنجالMunjong of Joseon
سى‌جو من جوسون
الاسم بعد الممات
King Sejong Jangheon Yeongmun Yemu Inseong Myeonghyo the Great
세종장헌영문예무인성명효대왕
世宗莊憲英文睿武仁聖明孝大王
اسم المعبد
Sejong
البيتجون‌جو يي
الأبTaejong of Joseon
الأمQueen Wongyeong
الديانةالكونفوشية؛ ولاحقاً البوذية
الاسم الكوري
Sejong (Chinese characters).svg
"سى‌جونگ" بالحروف الصينية
هانگول세종대왕
هان‌چا世宗大王
الرومنة المعدلةSejong Daewang
مكيون-رايشاورSechong Taewang
اسم الميلاد
هانگول이도
هان‌چا李祹
الرومنة المعدلةI Do
مكيون-رايشاورI To
اسم الطفولة
هانگول원정
هان‌چا元正
الرومنة المعدلةWon Jeong
مكيون-رايشاورWŏn Chŏng

سى‌جونگ الأكبر (النطق الكوري: [se(ː)dʑoŋ]؛ إنگليزية: Sejong the Great؛ 7 مايو 1397 – 8 أبريل 1450) كان رابع ملوك أسرة جوسون في كوريا. He was the third son of King Taejong and Queen consort Min. He was designated as heir-apparent, Crown Prince, after his older brother Prince Yangnyeong was stripped of his title. He ascended to the throne in 1418. During the first four years of his reign, Taejong governed as regent, after which his father-in-law, Sim On, and his close associates were executed.

Sejong reinforced Confucian policies and executed major "legal amendments" (공법; 貢法). He also personally created and promulgated the Korean alphabet Hangul,[2][3] encouraged advancements of scientific technology, and instituted many other efforts to stabilize and improve prosperity. He dispatched military campaigns to the north and instituted the Samin policy (사민정책; 徙民政策) to attract new settlers to the region. To the south, he subjugated Japanese pirates and captured Tsushima Island (also known as Daema Island in the Korean language).

During his reign from 1418 to 1450, he governed along with his father, the King Emeritus Taejong from 1418 to 1422, then governing as the sole monarch from 1422 to 1450. Since 1442, the king was increasingly ill so his son Crown Prince Munjong acted as regent for him.

Although the appellation "the Great" / "(대왕;大王)" was given posthumously to almost every ruler of Goryeo and Joseon, this title is usually associated with Gwanggaeto and Sejong.


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الحياة

الإنجازات

العلوم والتكنولوجيا والزراعة

A modern reconstruction and scaled down model of Jang Yeong-sil's self-striking water clock.

Sejong is credited with great advances in science during his reign.[4][5] He wanted to help farmers so he decided to create a farmer's handbook. The book—the Nongsa jikseol (hangul: 농사직설, hanja: 農事直說)—contained information about the different farming techniques that he told scientists to gather in different regions of Korea.[6] These techniques were needed in order to maintain the newly adopted methods of intensive, continuous cultivation in Korean agriculture.[6]

Korean celestial globe first made by the scientist Jang Yeong-Sil during the Chosŏn Dynasty under the reign of King Sejong

Sejong also wanted to reform the Korean calendar system, which was at the time based upon the longitude of the Chinese capital.[6] Sejong, for the first time in Korean history, had his astronomers create a calendar with the Joseon capital of Seoul as the primary meridian.[6] This new system allowed Korean astronomers to accurately predict the timing of solar and lunar eclipses.[6][7]

In the realm of traditional Korean medicine, two important treatises were written during the reign of Sejong. These were the Hyangyak jipseongbang and the Euibang yuchwi, which historian Kim Yongsik says represents 'Koreans' efforts to develop their own system of medical knowledge, distinct from that of China.'[6]

هانگول

انظر أيضاً: Hunmin Jeongeum and هانگول
هون‌مين جونگوم إيون‌هى

King Sejong the Great profoundly affected Korean history with his personal creation and introduction of hangul, the native phonetic writing system for the Korean language.[3][8]


الوفاة والذكرى

مقبرة سى‌جونگ الأكبر تقع في يوجو، Gyeonggi Province، كوريا الجنوبية.


العائلة

قالب:Joseon Dynasty monarchs

  1. Queen Soheon of the Cheongsong Shim clan (12 October 1395 – 19 April 1446) (소헌왕후 심씨)[9][10]
    1. Princess Jeongso (1412 – 25 February 1424) (정소공주)[11]
    2. Yi Hyang, Crown Prince Hyang (15 November 1414 – 1 June 1452) (왕세자 향)
    3. Princess Jeongui (1415 – 11 February 1477) (정의공주)[12]
    4. Yi Yu, Grand Prince Suyang (2 November 1417 – 23 September 1468) (이유 수양대군)
    5. Yi Yong, Grand Prince Anpyeong (18 October 1418 – 18 November 1453) (이용 안평대군)
    6. Yi Gu, Grand Prince Imyeong (6 January 1420 – 21 January 1469) (이구 임영대군)
    7. Yi Yeo, Grand Prince Gwangpyeong (2 May 1425 – 7 December 1444) (이여 광평대군)
    8. Yi Yu, Grand Prince Geumseong (5 May 1426 – 7 November 1457) (이유 금성대군)
    9. Yi Im, Grand Prince Pyeongwon (18 November 1427 – 16 January 1445) (이임 평원대군)
    10. Yi Yeom, Grand Prince Yeongeung (23 May 1434 – 2 February 1467) (이염 영응대군)
  2. Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jinju Kang clan (영빈 강씨)[13]
    1. Yi Yeong, Prince Hwaui (1425 – 1460) (이영 화의군)
  3. Royal Noble Consort Shin of the Cheongju Kim clan (1406 – 4 September 1464) (신빈 김씨)[14][15]
    1. Yi Jeung, Prince Gyeyang (1427 – 16 August 1464) (이증 계양군)[16]
    2. Yi Gong, Prince Uichang (1428 – 1460) (이공 의창군)
    3. Yi Chim, Prince Milseong (1430 – 1479) (이침 밀성군)
    4. Yi Yeon, Prince Ikhyeon (1431 – 1463) (이연 익현군)
    5. Yi Dang, Prince Yeonghae (1435 – 1477) (이당 영해군)
    6. Yi Geo, Prince Damyang (1439 – August 1450) (이거 담양군)
    7. 2 Unnamed daughters who died at childbirth
  4. Royal Noble Consort Hye of the Cheongju Yang clan (? – 9 November 1455) (혜빈 양씨)[17][18]
    1. Yi Eo, Prince Hannam (5 October 1429 – 29 June 1459) (이어 한남군)
    2. Yi Hyeon, Prince Suchun (1431 – 1455) (이현 수춘군)
    3. Yi Jeon, Prince Yeongpung (17 September 1434 – 22 July 1456) (이전 영풍군)
  5. Royal Consort Gwi-in of the Miryang Park clan (귀인 박씨)[19]
  6. Royal Consort Gwi-in of the Choi clan (귀인 최씨)[20]
  7. Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Jo clan (숙의 조씨)
  8. Royal Consort So-yong of the Hong clan (? – 4 February 1452) (소용 홍씨)
  9. Royal Consort Suk-won of the Lee clan (숙원 이씨)
    1. Princess Jeongan (1438 – 16 October 1461) (정안옹주)[21]
  10. Consort Sang-chim of the Song clan(1396-1463) (상침 송씨)
    1. Princess Jeonghyeon (1425 – November 1480) (정현옹주)[22]
  11. Consort Sa-gi of the Cha clan (? – 10 July 1444) (사기 차씨)
    1. An unnamed daughter (1430 – 1431)
  12. Lady Sangsik of the Hwang clan (상식 황씨)
  13. Lady Jeonchan of the Park clan (전찬 박씨)

ألقاب بعد الموت الرسمية

King Sejong the Great, as depicted on the Bank of Korea's 10,000 won banknote (Series VI).
تمثال الملك سى‌جونگ في ميدان گوانگ‌هوامون.
  • Hanja: 世宗莊憲英文睿武仁聖明孝大王
  • Hangul: 세종장헌영문예무인성명효대왕
  • English: King Sejong Jangheon Yeongmun Yemu Inseong Myeonghyo the Great

تصويره في الفنون والإعلام

تصويرات في ألعاب الڤيديو


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الپورتريه على الأوراق النقدية الكورية

Sejong the Great is one of the six linguistic scholars, with Samuel Johnson,[24] Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm, Elias Lönnrot, and Vuk Stefanović Karadžić depicted as a portrait in a national currency.

التمثال والمعرض بالمتحف

المقالة الرئيسية: تمثال الملك سى‌جونگ (گوانگ‌هوامون)

A 9.5 meter high bronze statue of King Sejong was placed in 2009 on a concrete pedestal on the boulevard of ميدان گوانگ‌هوامون and directly in front of the Sejong Center for the Performing Arts in Seoul.[25] The sculptor was Kim Young-won.[26] The pedestal contains one of several entrances to the 3,200 square meter, underground museum exhibit entitled "The Story of King Sejong".[27][28] It was dedicated on Hangul Day in celebration of the 563rd anniversary of the invention of the Korean alphabet by King Sejong.[29]

See also

مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons: Category:Sejong the Great

| Sejong the Great

]].

References

  1. ^ في غرفة JoonSoo (준수방; 俊秀坊)
  2. ^ Kim-Renaud, Young-Key (1997). The Korean Alphabet: Its History and Structure (in الإنجليزية). University of Hawaii Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780824817237. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  3. ^ أ ب "알고 싶은 한글". 국립국어원. National Institute of Korean Language. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  4. ^ Haralambous, Yannis; Horne, P. Scott (2007-11-28). Fonts & Encodings (in الإنجليزية). "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". p. 155. ISBN 9780596102425. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
  5. ^ Selin, Helaine (2013-11-11). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures (in الإنجليزية). Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 505–506. ISBN 9789401714167. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Kim (1998), 57.
  7. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20180629022148/http://www.reportnet.co.kr/knowledge/pop_preview.html?dn=2075262. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2008. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Kim Jeong Su(1990), <<한글의 역사와 미래>>(History and Future of Hangul) ISBN 8930107230
  9. ^ Daughter of Sim On (심온, 1375 – 25 December 1418), Lord Anhyo (안효공), Internal Prince Cheongcheon (청천부원군); and Lady Sunheung, Princess Consort to the Internal Prince, of the Ahn clan (순흥부부인 안씨). Granddaughter of Sim Deok-bu (심덕부, 1328–1401)
  10. ^ Her uncle Sim Jong (Sim On's brother) is Taejo's son-in-law (created Prince Consort Cheongwon) thru his marriage to Princess Gyeongseon
  11. ^ Eldest offspring
  12. ^ Later married Ahn Maeng-dam (안맹담, ?–1469), son of Ahn Mang-ji (안망지); created Military Officer Yeonchang (연창위)
  13. ^ Daughter of Gang Seok-deok (강석덕) and Sim On's 2nd daughter (심씨; Queen Soheon's younger sister), making her Queen Soheon's niece
  14. ^ Daughter of Kim Won (김원)
  15. ^ Originally a slave of Naeja Temple (내자사 內資寺), and became a palace girl in 1418, under Queen Wong-yeong, and later under Queen So-heon
  16. ^ Later married Han Hwak (한확)'s 2nd daughter (Lady Jeongseon, Princess Consort (정선군 부인)), elder sister to the future Queen So-hye
  17. ^ Daughter of Yang Gyeong (양경) and Lady Lee (이씨). Granddaughter of Yang Cheom-sik (양첨식) and great-granddaughter of Yang Ji-su (양지수)
  18. ^ Given the temple name "Lady Minjeong" (민정) in 1791
  19. ^ Also known by her lesser title "Lady Jang-ui" (장의궁주), granted in 1424. Gwi-in status was granted in 1428
  20. ^ Also known by her lesser title "Lady Myeong-ui" (명의궁주), granted in 1424. Gwi-in status was granted in 1428
  21. ^ Later married Sim An-ui (심안의), created Military Officer Cheongseong (청성위)
  22. ^ Later married Yun Sa-ro (윤사로, 1423–1463), son of Yun Eun (윤은); created Internal Prince Yeongcheon (영천부원군)
  23. ^ "The King Sejong Station - Liquipedia - The StarCraft II Encyclopedia". Wiki.teamliquid.net. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
  24. ^ "Language Log » More linguistic numismatics". Languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
  25. ^ "King Sejong Statue (세종대왕 동상) | Official Korea Tourism Organization". English.visitkorea.or.kr. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
  26. ^ "King Sejong and General Lee Sun-shin to receive modeling fee :: Korea.net : The official website of the Republic of Korea". Korea.net. 2011-12-09. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
  27. ^ "King Sejong Story (세종이야기) | Official Korea Tourism Organization". English.visitkorea.or.kr. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
  28. ^ "Remembering Hangul". Joongnag Daily. 26 September 2009. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ "Statue of King Sejong is unveiled". Joongang Daily. أكتوبر 10, 2009. Archived from the original on أبريل 11, 2013. Retrieved فبراير 27, 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

للاستزادة

  • Kim, Yung Sik. (1998). "Problems and Possibilities in the Study of the History of Korean Science," Osiris (2nd series, Volume 13, 1998): 48–79.
  • King Sejong the Great: the Light of Fifteenth Century Korea, Young-Key Kim-Renaud, International Circle of Korean Linguistics, 1992, softcover, 119 pages, ISBN 1-882177-00-2
  • Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. 2000. Sejong's theory of literacy and writing. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 30.1:13–46.
  • Gale, James Scarth. History of the Korean People Annotated and introduction by Richard Rutt. Seoul: Royal Asiatic Society, 1972..

وصلات خارجية

سى‌جونگ الأكبر
وُلِد: 6 May 1397 توفي: 18 May 1450
ألقاب ملكية
سبقه
Taejong 		King of Joseon
1418–1450
مع Taejong (1418–1422)
Munjong (1442–1450) 		تبعه
Munjong

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