ديموغرافيا الصحراء الغربية
جميع البيانات حول المعلومات الديموغرافية المتعلقة بالصحراء الغربية عرضة للخطأ للغاية ، بغض النظر عن المصدر. تجري معظم البلدان تعدادات كل عشر سنوات ، وبعضها كل خمس سنوات من أجل مواكبة التغيير وسوء الحساب ؛ تم إجراء آخر إحصاء في عام 1970 ، وحتى تلك البيانات من قبل إسبانيا الاستعمارية تعتبر غير موثوقة بسبب عدد السكان الرحل الكبير
عقب المسيرة الخضراء عام 1975 ، رعت الدولة المغربية مخططات توطين آلاف المغاربة للانتقال إلى الجزء الذي يحتله المغرب من الصحراء الغربية (80٪ من الأراضي). بحلول عام 2015 ، قُدر أن المستوطنين المغاربة يشكلون ما لا يقل عن ثلثي السكان البالغ عددهم 500 ألف نسمة.[1]بموجب القانون الدولي ، يعتبر نقل المغرب لمدنييه إلى الأراضي المحتلة انتهاكًا مباشرًا للمادة 49 من اتفاقية جنيف الرابعة (راجع المستوطنين الإسرائيليين والأتراك).[2]
الدين في الصحراء الغربية هو الإسلام. المجموعات العرقية الرئيسية هي العرب والبربر. اللغة الأكثر شيوعًا هي العربية[3]
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بيانات ديموغرافية من كتاب حقائق العالم
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
اللغات
Modern Standard Arabic and Spanish, the former colonial language, are the official languages of the Polisario Front, based in Tindouf, Algeria. Hassaniya, an Arabic dialect, is the native language spoken in Western Sahara and in the refugee camps in Tindouf in Algeria. There is also a significant presence of Berber language speakers in the northern parts of the territory of Western Sahara.
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Hassaniya, primarily spoken at home, is dominated by the Moroccan dialect spoken in the streets, workplace, and schools. This is because the great majority of the population consists of Moroccans who settled in Western Sahara. French is also commonly used by the Moroccan administration. In the urban areas Moroccan Arabic is now spoken, as Morocco controls and administers most of the territory of Western Sahara and all of its cities, and considers it an inseparable part of the country. The Moroccan constitution stipulates two official languages for the Kingdom of Morocco, including Western Sahara: Berber (Tamazight) and Arabic.
Spanish is common among Sahrawi people and especially among the Sahrawi diaspora, with the Sahrawi Press Service, official news service of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, being available in Spanish since 2001[4] and the Sahara Film Festival, Western Sahara's only film festival, showing mainly Spanish-language films. Spanish is used to document Sahrawi poetry and oral traditions and has also been used in Sahrawi literature.[5] Despite Spanish having been used by the Sahrawi people for over a century, the Cervantes Institute does not provide support or Spanish-language education to Sahrawis in Western Sahara and the Sahrawi refugee camps in Algeria. A group of Sahrawi poets known as 'Generación de la Amistad saharaui' produce Sahrawi literature in Spanish.
الديانات
Sunni Islam is the major religion in Western Sahara.[6] Sunni Muslims constitute about 99.9% of the population. Prior to 1975 there were over 20,000 Roman Catholics in Western Sahara but اعتبارا من 2007[تحديث] there were only around 100.[7]
الجنسية
الاسم:
Western Saharan(s)
الصفة:
Western Saharan
السكان
400.000 (تقديرات نوفمبر 2014 )
Age structure
0–14 سنة:
44.9% (male 92,418/female 89,570)
15–64 years:
53.8% (male 105,191/female 108,803)
65 years and over:
2.3% (male 3,881/female 5,337) (2010 est.)
معدل نمو المواليد
3.097% (2011 est.)
معدل المواليد
39.54 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
معدل الوفيات
11.49 deaths/1,000 population (2010 est.)
معدل الهجرة الصافي
−6.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Morocco has a policy of subsidizing Moroccan settlers in the territory.[8]
معدل وفيات الأطفال
69.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
العمر المتوقع عند الميلاد
total population:
54.32 years
male:
52 years
female:
56.73 years (2010 est.)
معدل الخصوبة الإجمالي
4.3 children born/woman (2011 est.)
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معرفة القراءة والكتابة
definition:
NA
total population:
NA%
male:
NA%
female:
NA%
اللائجون
The events triggered by the Moroccan and Mauritanian joint invasion of Western Sahara at the end of 1975 are directly linked to the large displacement of the Saharawi population, most of whom live as refugees in south-west Algeria. The major bulk of Saharawis became refugees during the war between the Polisario Front and Morocco. The south-western desert region near Tindouf offered a potential safe region. Algeria, in its rivalry with Morocco, offered the Sahrawis a safe place to settle and actively supported the Polisario.
The next Saharawi exodus, although on a smaller scale, took place in 1979 when Mauritania withdrew from the conflict and Morocco annexed the rest of Western Sahara. Exact figures cannot be provided for the numbers that fled the territory in those two waves, but the estimations are between 1/3 and 2/3 of the total population at that time. The current size of the population in the refugee camps is believed to be around 165,000.
Used by the Algerian government, this figure is the most widely quoted by NGOs and is also used by the UNHCR and the World Food Programme to raise funds for food aid to the refugees. In the 2004 WFP meeting in Rome, the number of refugees was officially recognized at 158,000.[9]
انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ Shefte, Whitney (6 January 2015). "Western Sahara's stranded refugees consider renewal of Morocco conflict". the Guardian.
- ^ https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/gaspd664.doc.htm
- ^ "The World Factbook - Western Sahara". CIA. Retrieved 2007-10-21.[]
- ^ "Quienes somos?". spsrasd.info. Archived from the original on 2011-09-25.
- ^ "Western Sahara: Poetry and Spanish – The Permanent Links · Global Voices". Global Voices.
- ^ "The World Factbook - Western Sahara". CIA. Retrieved 2007-10-21.[]
- ^ "Sunni Islam". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
- ^ Shefte, Whitney (6 January 2015). "Western Sahara's Stranded Refugees Consider Renewal of Morocco Conflict". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-10-11. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
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