ددان كيماثي
Dedan Kimathi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| وُلِدَ | Kimathi wa Waciuri 31 أكتوبر 1920 |
| توفي | 18 فبراير 1957 (aged 36) |
| الجنسية | كيني |
| اللقب | Leader of the Kenya Land and Freedom Army و انتفاضة ماو ماو |
دِدان كيماثي واسيوري Dedan Kimathi Waciuri (31 أكتوبر 1920 – 18 فبراير 1957)، وُلِد بإسم كيماثي وا واسيوري Kimathi wa Waciuri، كان زعيماً عسكرياً وروحانياً رفيعاً لانتفاضة ماو ماو. Widely regarded as a revolutionary leader, he led the armed military struggle against the British colonial regime in Kenya in the 1950s until his execution in 1957.
Kimathi is credited with leading efforts to create formal military structures within the Mau Mau, and convening a war council in 1953. He along with Musa Mwariama and Muthoni Kirima was one of three Field Marshals. His capture in 1956 and execution the next year led to the decline of the uprising against the British colonial government.[1] Before his execution, he wrote that he was "...so busy and so happy preparing for heaven tomorrow."[2]
Kenyan nationalists view him as the heroic figurehead of the Kenyan freedom struggle against British colonial rule, while the British government saw him as a terrorist.[3] Despite being viewed with disdain by the Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi governments, Kimathi and his fellow Mau Mau rebels have been officially recognised as heroes in the struggle for Kenyan independence since the Mwai Kibaki administration, culminating in the unveiling of a Kimathi statue in 2007.[4] This was reinforced by the passage of a new Constitution in 2010 calling for recognition of national heroes.
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ذكراه
نلسون ماندلا
Kimathi was held in high regard by anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela. In July 1990, five months after his release from 27 years of imprisonment by South Africa's apartheid regime, Mandela visited Nairobi and requested to see Kimathi's grave and meet his widow Mukami. Mandela's request was an embarrassing moment for the Moi administration, which had largely ignored Kimathi, like Jomo Kenyatta's government before it. It was an awkward moment searching for her in the village where she and her family lived forgotten in poverty. Mandela's request was not met. During a public address at the Kasarani Stadium in Nairobi before he left the country, Mandela stated his admiration for Kimathi, Musa Mwariama, Waruhiu Itote and other Mau Mau leaders who inspired his own struggle against injustice. It was only 15 years later in 2005, during his second visit to Kenya, that Mandela finally managed to meet Mukami as well as two of Kimathi's children.[5][6]
Mandela's respect for Kimathi by the early 1960s is also alluded to in My Moment with a Legend by Ronnie Kasrils, the former intelligence chief of the ANC’s armed wing Umkhonto We Sizwe (MK) and defence minister in Mandela’s government.[5]
أماكن مسماة على اسم كيماثي
- جامعة ددان كيماثي للتكنولوجيا
- Dedan Kimathi Stadium, Nyeri, Kenya (formerly known as Kamukunji Grounds)[7]
- شارع كيماثي، نيروبي، كينيا – أحد الطرق الرئيسية في وسط نيروبي، وحيث يوجد فيه تمثال على شرفه
- طريق ددان كيماثي، لوساكا، زامبيا - Situated on this road is the Intercity Bus Terminus and ZCAS University.
- نهج كيماثي، كمپالا، أوغندا
- طريق ددان كيماثي، ممباسا، كينيا
- طريق كيماثي، بلدة نييري، كينيا
- طريق كيماثي، Nanyuki Town، كينيا
- شارع ددان كيماثي، Embalenhle، مپومالانگا، جنوب أفريقيا
- Dedan Kimathi Memorial High School، نييري، كينيا
الثقافة الشعبية وقراءات للاستزادة
- The Trial of Dedan Kimathi (play) – Micere Mugo and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
- Karimi, Joseph (2013). Dedan Kimathi: The Whole Story. Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.
- Mukami Kimathi (2017). Mau Mau Freedom Fighter. Mdahalo Bridging Divides Limited.[8]
- Henderson, Ian; Philip Goodhart (1958). The Hunt for Kimathi. London: Hamish Hamilton. OCLC: 272575.
- Kahiga, Samuel (1990). Dedan Kimathi: The Real Story.
- Maina wa Kinyatti. Kenya's Freedom Struggle: The Dedan Kimathi Papers.
- Jabali Afrika (2011). Dedan Kimathi (song) [9]
الهامش
- ^ Koinange, Machua (20 October 2013). "My encounter with the man who shot Dedan Kimathi". The Standard. Standard Media Kenya. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ^ "Shadows of October: How Dedan Kimathi spent his last days". Daily Nation (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2018-12-08.
- ^ Branch, Daniel: Defeating Mau Mau, Creating Kenya: Counterinsurgency, Civil War, and Decolonization. Cambridge University Press, New York 2009, ISBN 978-0-521-13090-5.
- ^ Kinyatti, Maina (2005). "Kimathi: The man, the myth and the legacy". Archived from the original on 2015-02-05.
- ^ أ ب "Nelson Mandela was inspired by the gallant struggle put up by the Mau Mau in Kenya to defeat colonial rule". 19 December 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
- ^ "Kimathi widow cherishes encounter with ex-leader". Retrieved 25 September 2016.
- ^ The Standard, 4 November 2009: RESTORING LOST GLORY: Nyeri half Marathon organisers keen to make the event a success
- ^ "Kimathi book is a tale of pure determination". Daily Nation (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2018-12-08.
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orZxYZ3nMq8