توس-1

توس-1
توس-1 بوراتينو
ТОС-1А Буратино на репетиции парада 4.5.2010.jpg
راجمة الصواريخ الروسية توس-1إيه.
النوع راجمة صواريخ
مكان الصنع الاتحاد السوڤيتي
تاريخ الخدمة
في الخدمة 1988–الآن
اسُتخدم من قبل الاتحاد السوڤيتي، روسيا الاتحادية
الحروب الحرب الأفغانية السوڤيتية، حرب الشيشانالثانية، حرب العراق 2014[1]
تاريخ الانتاج
المصمم مكتب اومستك ترانسماش للتصميم
صُمم 1988
صنعت 1988–الآن
التنويعات TOS-1A
المواصفات
الوزن 45.3 t (100,000 lb)
الطول 9.5 m (31 ft 2 in)
العرض 3.6 m (11 ft 10 in)
الإرتفاع 2.22 m (7 ft 3 in)
الطاقم 3
العيار 220 mm (8.7 in)
معدل النيران 30 طلقة/15 ث
المدى الفعال 500–3,500 (TOS-1)
6,000كم (توس-1إيه)
المحرك V-84 ديزل
840 hp (630 kW)
المدى العملي 550 km (340 mi)
السرعة 60 km/h (37 mph)

توس-1 (روسية: ТОС-1 – тяжёлая огнемётная система، إنگليزية: Heavy Flamethrower System)، هي راجمة صواريخ عيار 220 مم وقنبلة فراغية سوڤيتية تطلق من على الهيكل القاعدي لدبابة تي-72. تم تصميمها لتقال أفراد العدو في التحصينات، في الأماكن المفتوحة، وفي المركبات المدرعة الخفيفة والناقلات. اختبرت قتالياً لأول مرة عام 1988-1989 في وادي پانجشير أثناء الحرب السوڤيتية في أفغانستان. ظهرت توس-1 علناً لأول مرة عام 1999 في اومسك.

لا تستخدم توس-1 من قبل وحدات مدفعية القوات المسلحة اروسية لكنها موجودة ضمن وحدات NBC الدفاعية (روسية: войскa радиационной, химической и биологической защиты (РХБЗ)).[2]

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التطوير

BM-1 - Russian 24-barrel multiple rocket launcher, part of ТОS-1A system

The idea of a heavy short-range MLRS to launch rockets equipped with incendiary and thermobaric warheads arose in the late 1970s. The combat system consisting of the combat vehicle, rockets, and loading vehicle was developed in early 1980s at KBTM in Omsk and was named TOS-1, remaining a secret development for a long time.

The TOS-1 Buratino is intended to engage military personnel, equipment, and buildings, including fortified constructions. The nickname "Buratino" originates with the name of the hero of a Russian retelling of the Pinocchio tale (by Alexey Tolstoy), given the perception of the big "nose" of the launcher (in the original Italian text of Pinocchio, the protagonist is a "burattino", the Italian word for "puppet"). The combat vehicle acts within the combat order of infantry and tanks.The large mass of the launcher, combined with the short range of rockets launches (3,500 m (11,500 ft)), forced an increase in the level of armor and use the chassis of the T-72 main battle tank. The TZM reloading vehicle was built on the chassis of a KrAZ-255B cross-country truck and equipped with a crane for loading/unloading of the launcher. Production of KrAZ-255B has officially stopped in 1994. Therefore, TZM-T for later Soltsepyok was created based on the chassis of a T-72 variation T-72A.

In 2003, the improved TOS-1A Solntsepyok ("Scorching sunlight") system entered service with the range extended to 6 kilometers and a better ballistic computer.[3]

In March 2020, Russia introduced a new rocket for the TOS-1A with a range of 10 km, achieved in part by weight and size reductions of a new fuel air explosive mixture in the warhead, while also increasing its power. Minimum range is extended from 400 m to 1.6 km, so the shorter-range M0.1.01.04M rocket will be retained for close combat environments.[4] In 2018, Russian NBC Protection Troops received 30 TOS-1A Solntsepyok (Sunburn) 220 mm multiple rocket launchers.[5]

Saudi Arabian Military Industries signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Rosoboronexport for the local production of the TOS-1A.[6]


TOS-2

TOS-2 during the "Armiya 2022" exhibition.

On 12 January 2018, it was announced that NPO Splav is working on a prototype of a next generation TOS system for preliminary tests. The system with improved tactical and technical characteristics will be made on a wheeled chassis.[7]

The new TOS-2 (Tosochka) system was first unveiled during the 2020 Moscow Victory Day Parade,[8] and further showcased during the Kavkaz-2020 drills in September 2020. It is equipped with a more powerful TBS-M3 rocket and its own crane. It has also an increased range and is protected from precision weapons.[9][10] The system uses the 6x6 Ural-63706-0120 all-terrain vehicle instead of the tracked armored chassis of the TOS-1A.[8]

The TOS-2 entered service with the Central Military District of Russia on 6 January 2021.[11]

In late May 2022, TASS reported that the system was deployed in Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[8]

التاريخ القتالي

TOS-1A in action

أفادت OSCE في سبتمبر 2015 عن ظهور توس-1 في موقع تدريب المتمردين في شرق أوكرانيا.[12]

أستخدمت توس-1 في سوريا في 10 أكتوبر 2015 من قبل قوات الجيش السوري ضد قوات المتمردين في حماة.

وصف المنظومة

المشغلون

مشغلو توس-1 بالأزرق.

المشغلون الحاليون

مشغلون سابقون

  •  الاتحاد السوڤيتي – انتقلت إلى روسيا.


معرض الصور

  • Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-22).jpg
  • Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-23).jpg
  • Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-24).jpg
  • Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-25).jpg
  • Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-26).jpg
  • Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-27).jpg
  • TOS-1A before firing.jpg
  • Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-19).jpg
  • Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-1).jpg
  • Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-20).jpg
  • Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-21).jpg

وصلات خارجية


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المصادر

  1. ^ "Iraq: See the EXPLOSIVE Russian firepower helping Iraqi forces fight IS". YouTube. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  2. ^ http://www.otvaga2004.narod.ru/otvaga2004/caleidoscope/flamethrowers_1.htm[dead link]
  3. ^ "ЦАМТО / Новости / В декабре исполняется 15 лет со дня принятия на вооружение ВС РФ ТОС-1А "Солнцепек"". Archived from the original on 2018-12-24. Retrieved 2018-12-24.
  4. ^ "Troops fire next-generation shells for heavy flamethrowers in Siberia drills".
  5. ^ "Russian CBRN protection troops receive 30 TOS-1A MRLs | Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 2018-09-05. Retrieved 2018-09-12.
  6. ^ "Saudi Arabia signs agreement to manufacture Russian weapons locally". english.alarabiya.net. 5 October 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-10-06. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
  7. ^ "Опытный образец тяжелой огнеметной системы нового поколения создается в России". ТАСС.
  8. ^ أ ب ت "Russia deploys in Ukraine its new TOS-2 thermobaric rocket launcher system". armyrecognition.com. 28 May 2022.
  9. ^ "New Russian military equipment used during 'Kavkaz 2020' exercise".
  10. ^ "Russian military use newest TOS-2 heavy flamethrower for the first time".
  11. ^ أ ب "В войска ЦВО поступили новые тяжелые огнеметные системы "Тосочка"". 6 January 2021.
  12. ^ Ukraine rebels have powerful new Russian-made rockets – OSCE
  13. ^ "Алжир закупил у России ТОС-1А "Солнцепек"". Военное.РФ. Archived from the original on 2017-08-27. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  14. ^ "Les premières images du TOS 1A Algérien - MENADEFENSE". MENADEFENSE (in الفرنسية). 2018-02-22. Archived from the original on 2018-02-28. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  15. ^ "Algeria unveils Tos-1A - Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
  16. ^ Еще одна сенсационная сделка: Азербайджан закупил огнеметные системы ТОС-1А на базе Т-90 (in الروسية). Archived from the original on 16 September 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  17. ^ "APA – Russia to deliver another batch of TOS-1A heavy flamethrowers to Azerbaijan in the near future". Archived from the original on 7 October 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  18. ^ The Military Balance 2017, p.201
  19. ^ "bmpd". Archived from the original on 2 August 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  20. ^ "ЦАМТО / Новости / "Известия": тяжелая огнеметная система "Солнцепек" получит новейшие дальнобойные ракеты". www.armstrade.org. Archived from the original on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
  21. ^ "TOS-1 multiple rocket launcher". Bubblews. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  22. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 – info@warfare.ru. "TOS-1 Buratino Flamethrower | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. Retrieved 2012-07-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ "Войска ЦВО получили комплект тяжелых огнеметов "Солнцепек"". Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 2018-02-14. Archived from the original on 2018-02-14. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
  24. ^ "ЦАМТО / Новости / ТОС-1А "Солнцепек" последней модификации впервые поступили в общевойсковую армию ВВО в Приамурье". www.armstrade.org. Archived from the original on 2018-04-23. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  25. ^ "Solntsepek triples fire power of RChB troops, Eastern Military District : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation". eng.mil.ru. Archived from the original on 2018-05-08. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
  26. ^ "ЦАМТО / Новости / Новое подразделение РХБ защиты на Алтае получило на вооружение тяжелые огнеметные системы "Солнцепек"". www.armstrade.org. Archived from the original on 2018-05-29. Retrieved 2018-05-28.
  27. ^ "Janes | Latest defence and security news". Archived from the original on 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2018-09-04.
  28. ^ "ЦАМТО / / "Омсктрансмаш" отправил в войска партию ТОС-1А". armstrade.org.
  29. ^ "Omsktransmash delivers batch of flamethrowers to Russian military ahead of time".
  30. ^ "Россия начала поставки ТОС "Солнцепек" в Саудовскую Аравию, утверждает источник "РИА Новости"". Centre for Analysis of World Arms Trade. 10 April 2019. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  31. ^ Binnie, Jeremy (10 April 2019). "Saudi Arabia takes delivery of TOS-1A MRLs". Jane's 360. London. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  32. ^ "Saudi Arabia signs agreement to manufacture Russian weapons locally". Al Arabiya. 5 October 2017. Archived from the original on 6 October 2017.
  33. ^ "Saudi Arabian Military Industries Signs Agreement And MOU With Russia's ROSOBORONEXPORT". The Saudi Center for International Communication. October 5, 2017.
  34. ^ "Hier zerstört Putins Höllenkanone eine Festung der Rebellen" (in الألمانية). STERN.de. Archived from the original on 9 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  35. ^ Grylls, George. "Ukrainian forces use Russians' 'blazing sun' thermobaric weapon against them".
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