بيجاپور
Vijayapura
Bijapur Vijapur | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
| الكنية: City of victory | |
  Vijayapura  Vijayapura | |
| الإحداثيات: 16°50′N 75°43′E / 16.83°N 75.71°E | |
| Country |  الهند |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Vijayapura district |
| الحكومة | |
| • النوع | City Municipal Corporation |
| • الكيان | Vijayapura Mahanagara Palike (VMP) |
| • Mayor | BJP |
| المساحة | |
| • الإجمالي | 102٫38 كم² (39٫53 ميل²) |
| المنسوب | 592٫23 m (1٬943٫01 ft) |
| التعداد (2011)[1] | |
| • الإجمالي | 326٬360 |
| • الترتيب | 10th (Karnataka) |
| • الكثافة | 265/km2 (690/sq mi) |
| صفة المواطن | Vijayapurian |
| Languages | |
| • Official | كنـَّدا |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 586101-586109 |
| Telephone code | 08352 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-KA |
| لوحة السيارة | KA-28 |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
بيجاپور Bijapur وتُعرف أيضاً بإسم ڤيجاياپورا Vijayapura،[2] is the district headquarters of Vijayapura district of Karnataka state of India. It is also the headquarters for Vijayapura Taluka. Bijapur city is well known for its historical monuments of architectural importance built during the rule of the Adil Shahi dynasty. It is also well known for the sports by the popular Karnataka premier league team as Bijapur Bulls. Bijapur is located 530 km (330 mi) northwest of the state capital Bangalore and about 550 km (340 mi) from Mumbai and 384 km (239 mi) west of the city of Hyderabad.
The city was established in the 10th–11th centuries by the Kalyani Chalukyas and was known as Vijayapura (City of victory). The city was passed to Yadavas after Chalukya's demise. In 1347, the area was conquered by the Bahmani Sultanate. After the split of the Bahmani Sultanate, the Bijapur Sultanate ruled from the city. Relics of the Sultanates' rule can be found in the city, including the Vijayapura Fort, Bara Kaman, Jama Masjid, and Gol Gumbaz.
Vijayapura, one of the popular heritage city located in the Karnataka state of India is also one of the top ten populated cities in Karnataka. The Vijayapura city has been declared as one of the corporations in the state of Karnataka in 2013.[3] Vijayapura urban population as per 2011 census is 326,000, perhaps the 9th biggest city in Karnataka. Vijayapura Mahanagara Palike (VMP) is the newest Municipal Corporation formed under the KMC act along with Shimoga and Tumkur Municipal Corporations.[4] Administratively, Vijayapura district comes under Belagavi division along with Bagalkote, Belagavi, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri and Uttara Kannada (Karwar) districts. The civic administration of the city is managed by the Vijayapura City Corporation and office of Deputy Commissioner in Vijayapura. The office of Deputy Commissioner has the responsibility of rural areas in Vijayapura, while the corporation administrates the city of Vijayapura. Effective administration of the heritage city of Vijayapura is the main intention behind all the activities of Vijayapura City Corporation.
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التاريخ
التاريخ المبكر
Vijayapura district is historically, traditionally and legendarily, one of the richest districts in the state. The evidence found here reveals that it was an inhabited place since the Stone Age. Many places of this district have legendary history. The history of this district is divided into four periods, from the Chalukya acquisition of Badami till the Muslim invasion.
Early Western Chalukya period lasting from about A.D. 535 to about A.D.757. Rastrakuta period from A.D. 757 to A.D.973. Kalachuri and Hoysala period from A.D. 973 to about A.D.1200. Devagiri Yadava period from A.D.1185 to the Muslim conquest of Devagiri in A.D. 1312.
سلطنتا بهماني وبيجاپور
Vijayapura first came under the influence of Allaudin Khalji, the Sultan of Delhi, towards the end of the 13th century, and then under the Bahamani kings of Bidar in 1347. In 1347, when the Bahamani dynasty was established, it included southern and eastern parts of Vijayapura district. The supremacy of the Bahaman's may be said to have ceased by 1489. At that time five Shahi Dynasties were born and one of them was "Bijapur(Vijayapura)". The Mughal emperor Aurangazeb conquered Vijayapura in 1686 and it was under Mughal rule up to 1723. In 1724 the Nizam of Hyderabad State established his independence in the Deccan and included Vijayapura within his dominion. However, his acquisition on this portion was of brief duration, in 1760 it went into the hands of Marathas.
In 1518, the Bahmani Sultanate split into five splinter states known as the Deccan sultanates, one of which was Vijayapura, ruled by the kings of the Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686). The city of Vijayapura owes much of its greatness to Yusuf Adil Shah, the founder of the independent state of Vijayapura.
The rule of this dynasty ended in 1686, when Vijayapura was conquered during the reign of Mughal badshah (emperor) Aurangzeb, who has in 1684 turned Bijapur into a subah (imperial top-level province).
فترة الاستعمار البريطاني
In 1724 the Nizam of Hyderabad established his independence in the Deccan, and included Vijayapura within his dominions. In 1760, the Nizam suffered a defeat by the Marathas, and ceded the region of Vijayapura to the Maratha Peshwa.[بحاجة لمصدر]
After the 1818 defeat of the Peshwa by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, Vijayapura passed into the hands of the British East India Company, and was assigned to the Maratha princely state Satara.
In 1817, war broke out between the British and the Marathas. By 1818, the whole of Vijayapura was occupied by the British and was included in the territory assigned to the Raja of Satara. In 1848 the territory of Satara was obtained through the failure of heir and the British rule started. Till 1884, the Bijapur district had headquarters at Kaladagi. Bijapur was made headquarters in 1885.[بحاجة لمصدر]
الجغرافيا
المناخ ودرجة الحرارة
The climate of Vijayapura district is generally dry and healthy. In summer, especially in April and May it is too hot; at that time the temperature lays between 40-degree Celsius to 42-degree Celsius. In winter season, from November to January the temperature is between 15-degree Celsius to 20-degree Celsius. Usually the district has dry weather, so the humidity varies from 10% to 30%. The district has 34 rain gauge stations. The average annual rainfall for the whole district is 552.8 mm, with 37.2 rainy days. The monsoon generally reaches the district by June and lasts till October. Though the total rainfall is not high, the district benefits both from the south-west and the north-east monsoons. The annual rainfall varies from place to place within the district.
| Climate data for بيجاپور (1981–2010، القصوى 1901–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 39.4 (102.9) |
41.1 (106.0) |
41.9 (107.4) |
43.3 (109.9) |
44.9 (112.8) |
43.0 (109.4) |
36.9 (98.4) |
36.5 (97.7) |
37.4 (99.3) |
37.3 (99.1) |
35.0 (95.0) |
34.6 (94.3) |
44.9 (112.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.8 (87.4) |
33.9 (93.0) |
36.9 (98.4) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.1 (102.4) |
33.6 (92.5) |
30.9 (87.6) |
30.5 (86.9) |
31.4 (88.5) |
31.6 (88.9) |
30.5 (86.9) |
29.7 (85.5) |
33.1 (91.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.7 (60.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
8.9 (48.0) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.8 (60.4) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
5.6 (42.1) |
6.0 (42.8) |
5.6 (42.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 4.0 (0.16) |
0.6 (0.02) |
5.7 (0.22) |
20.6 (0.81) |
39.8 (1.57) |
108.0 (4.25) |
66.9 (2.63) |
92.3 (3.63) |
156.9 (6.18) |
119.7 (4.71) |
25.0 (0.98) |
7.7 (0.30) |
647.1 (25.48) |
| Average rainy days | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 8.3 | 5.7 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 39.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 38 | 31 | 28 | 30 | 34 | 56 | 65 | 65 | 62 | 54 | 49 | 43 | 47 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[6][7] | |||||||||||||
الديمغرافيا
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انظر أيضاً
- List of rulers of Bijapur
- Bhāskara II
- Lakkundi
- Arakeri, Bijapur
- Sabala Organization
- List of people from Bijapur
المراجع
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةCensus2011 - ^ "Renaming of cities" (Press release). Press Information Bureau. 16 December 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
- ^ "Tumkur, Shimoga and Bijapur cities to be upgraded as Municipal Corporations". The Hindu (in الإنجليزية). 2 September 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Shenoy, Jaideep (28 September 2013). "Karnataka could see more city corporations based on 2011 census, says minister". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
- ^ "viewsearly". www.columbia.edu.
- ^ "Station: Bijapur Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 149–150. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M91. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Bijapur City Municipal Council City Population Census 2011-2019 - Karnataka". www.census2011.co.in.
المصادر
- "Samanya Mahiti"a periodical released by the Bijapur Zilla Parishad.
- Karnataka State Gazetteer 1983.
- Unsung kings Bijapur
- Bijapur is now famous for Mawa, TumTum Rikhshwa's, Tahari Biryani and Roadside Teastalls
وصلات خارجية
قالب:Historical Places in Karnataka قالب:Historical Places in North Karnataka قالب:Tourism in India
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- بيجاپور، كرناتكا
- Former capital cities in India
- السياحة في كرناتكا
- مدن كرناتكا