الصين الكبرى

الصين الكبرى
Chinese name
الصينية المبسطة大中华地区
الصينية التقليدية大中華地區
العالم الناطق بالصينية/العالم الصينوفوني
الصينية中文世界
Japanese name
كانجي中華圏
Current map of Greater China, include Mainland China, Macao, Hong Kong and تايوان
A modern conception of Greater China in yellow     

الصين الكبرى Greater China أو منطقة الصين الكبرى هو مصطلح يُستخدم للإشارة إلى بر الصين الرئيسي وهونگ كونگ ومكاو وتايوان.[1] كـ "مصطلح اللحظة"، فإن المعنى الدقيق غير واضح بالكامل، الناس قد يستخدمونه فقط للروابط التجارية أو فقط للأحداث الثقافية. The term is not specifically political in usage; ties common between the geographical regions, for instance Chinese-language television, film and music entertainment is commonly attributed to be a cultural aspect of "Greater China".[2][3] The term is also used with reference to business/economic development, such as Focus Taiwan reporting on "economic integration in the Greater China region".[4] Usage of the term may also vary as to the geographic regions it is meant to imply.

مصطلح الصين الكبرى يُستخدم عموماً للإشارة إلى الصلات الثقافية والاقتصادية بين الأقاليم ذات الصلة، ولا يعني أو يتضمن السيادة. ولكن لتجنب الفهم السياسي، فإن المصطلح العالم الناطق بالصينية أو العالم الصينوفوني كثيراً ما يُستخدم بدلاً من الصين الكبرى[بحاجة لمصدر].

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التاريخ

خريطة "الصين" في فيلم الپروپاگندا الأمريكي من سنة 1944 معركة الصين The Battle of China، يميز بين "China proper" من منشوريا، "منغوليا" (here منغوليا الكبرى تضم كلاً من البلد الحالي، المقاطعة الصينية، و توڤا)، Sinkiang (Xinjiang الحديثة), و Tibet.

The term was used at least as far back as the 1930s by George Cressey لتشير إلى كل الامبراطورية الصينية, as opposed to China proper.[5] Usage by the United States on government maps in the 1940s as a political term included territories claimed by the Republic of China that were part of the previous empire, or geographically to refer to topographical features associated with China that may or may not have lain entirely within Chinese political borders.[5] The concept began to appear again in Chinese-language sources in the late 1970s, referring the growing commercial ties between the mainland and Hong Kong, with the possibility of extending these to Taiwan, with perhaps the first such reference being in a Taiwanese journal Changqiao in 1979.[5] The English term subsequently re-emerged in the 1980s to refer to the growing economic ties between the regions as well as the possibility of political unification.[5] It is not an institutionalized entity such as the EU or ASEAN. The concept is a generalization to group several markets seen to be closely linked economically and does not imply السيادة.[6]


الاستخدام في التمويل

In the financial context, a number of Greater China stocks and funds exist. For example, the ING Greater China Fund invests 80% of its assets in the Greater China region, which in their definition "consists of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan".[7] Similarly, the Dreyfus Greater China Fund invests in assets in companies that "are principally traded in China, Hong Kong or Taiwan" or have either the majority of their assets or revenues from this region.,[8] as does the JF Greater China Fund,[9] and the HSBC Greater China Fund prior to February 2009 (after which it dropped Taiwanese assets from its portfolio and was renamed to the HSBC China Region Fund).[10][11] Numerous other examples exist.

الاستخدام السياسي

The term is often used to avoid invoking sensitivities over the الوضع السياسي لتايوان.[6] For some Asians, the term is a reminder of the "مجال الازدهار المشترك لشرق آسيا الكبرى"، a euphemism for the region controlled by the الامبراطورية اليابانية during the Second World War.[12]

انظر أيضاً

هذه المقالة تحتوي نص صيني. بدون دعم عرض مناسب، فقد ترى علامات استفهام، مربعات، أو رموز أخرى بدلاً من الحروف الصينية.


الهامش

  1. ^ "Apple overtakes Lenovo in China sales". Financial Times. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  2. ^ MTV Channels In Southeast Asia and Greater China To Exclusively Air The Youth Inaugural Ball - MTV Asia
  3. ^ June 1, 2008, Universal Music Group realigns presence in Greater China, Television Asia (Article archive at Newser)
  4. ^ http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aeco/201404020006.aspx
  5. ^ أ ب ت ث Harding, Harry (Dec 1993). "The Concept of 'Greater China': Themes, Variations and Reservations". The China Quarterly (136, Special Issue: Greater China): 660.
  6. ^ أ ب Aretz, Tilman (2007). The greater China factbook. Taipei: Taiwan Elite Press. ISBN 978-986-7762-97-9. OCLC 264977502.
  7. ^ "Prospectus - ING Global and International Equity and Fixed-Income Funds - Class A, B,". ING Funds. 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  8. ^ "Dreyfus Greater China Fund (prospectus)" (PDF). Dreyfus Corporation. 2009-03-01. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  9. ^ "J.P. Morgan Country/Region Funds: Class A, Class B & Class C Shares" (PDF). JPMorgan Funds. 2009-02-28. Retrieved 2009-09-02.
  10. ^ "HSBC Chinese Equity Fund (Factsheet)" (PDF). HSBC Global Asset Management (UK). 2005-12-15. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  11. ^ Langston, Rob (2009-02-23). "HSBC announces changes to Greater China fund". FT Advisor. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  12. ^ Shambaugh, David (Dec 1993). "Introduction: The Emergence of 'Greater China'". The China Quarterly (136, Special Issue: Greater China): 654.
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