الحرس السري الأمريكي

(تم التحويل من الأمن السري الأمريكي)
"USSS" redirects here. For the airport, see Koltsovo International Airport.
خدمة الحرس السري الأمريكي
United States Secret Service
الاسم الشائع الحرس السري
الاختصار USSS
[[Image:US-SecretService-StarLogo.svg |center |250x250px]]
شعار نجمة الأمن السري الأمريكي
[[Image:Badge of the United States Secret Service.png |center |250x250px]]
Secret Service special agent badge
[[Image:Flag of the United States Secret Service.svg |center |250x250px]]
U.S. Secret Service flag
بيان المهمة الحفاظ على البنية التحتية المالية وخدمات الدفع لحفاظ على سلامة الاقتصاد، ولحماية القادة الوطنيون في الولاية والحكومة، تعيين المواقع والمناسبات الأمنية الوطنية الخاصة.
استعراض الوكالة
تشكلت 5 يوليو 1865; منذ 159 سنة (1865-07-05
الموظفون 7,000+ (2019)[1]
Annual Budget US$2٫23 billion (2019)[1]
الشخصية القانونية Governmental agency
بنية نطاق الاختصاص
الطبيعة العامة
  • وكالة مدنية
البنية التنفيذية
مسؤول الوكالة مارك ج. سوليڤان, المدير
Parent agency وزارة الأمن القومي الأمريكي
مكتب ميداني 136
المنشآت
Resident agent office 68
مكاتب حول العالم 19

خدمة الحرس السري الأمريكي United States Secret Service، هي وكالة إنفاذ قانون أمريكي وتتبع وزارة الأمن القومي.[2] حتى 1 مارس 2003، كانت الوكالة تابعة لوزارة الخزانة الأمريكية.[3]

تنقسم مهام الحرس السري الأمريكي إلى مجالين:

  • مهام الخزانة، حيث تقوم بالتغطية والتحقيق في تزوير العملة الأمريكية وأصول الخزانة، والتحقيق في جرائم الفساد الكبرى.[4]
  • مهام الحماية، تأمين حماية القادة القوميون الحاليون والسابقون وعائلاتهم، مثل الرؤساء السابقون، نواب الرؤساء، مرشحو الرئاسة، السفراء،... الخ. [5]

كانت المسئولية الأولية لخدمة الحرس السري التحقيق في الجرائم المتعلقة بالخزانة and then evolved into the United States' first domestic intelligence and counterintelligence agency. Many of the agency's missions were later taken over by subsequent agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

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المهام

وكلاء الحرس السري الأمريكي (في الخلفية) أثناء حمايتهم الرئيس الأمريكي عام 2007.

The Secret Service is mandated by Congress with two distinct and critical national security missions: protecting the nation's leaders and safeguarding the financial and critical infrastructure of the United States.


مهمة الحماية

The Secret Service is tasked with ensuring the safety of the President of the United States, the Vice President of the United States, the President-elect of the United States, the Vice President-elect of the United States, and their immediate families; former presidents, their spouses and their minor children under the age of 16; those in the presidential line of succession, major presidential and vice-presidential candidates and their spouses; and visiting foreign heads of state and heads of government. By custom, it also provides protection to the Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of Homeland Security, as well as other persons as directed by the president (usually the White House Chief of Staff and National Security Advisor, among others). By federal statute, the president and vice president may not refuse this protection.[6] The Secret Service also provides physical security for the White House Complex; the neighboring Treasury Department building; the vice president's residence; the principal private residences of the president, vice president and former presidents; and all foreign diplomatic missions in Washington, D.C. The protective mission includes protective operations to coordinate manpower and logistics with state and local law enforcement in the US, protective advances to conduct site and venue assessments for protectees, and protective intelligence to investigate all manners of threats made against protectees. The Secret Service is the lead agency in charge of the planning, coordination, and implementation of security operations for events designated as National Special Security Events (NSSE). As part of the service's mission of preventing an incident before it occurs, the agency relies on meticulous advance work and threat assessments developed by its Intelligence Division to identify potential risks to protectees.[7]

مهمة التحقيق

The Secret Service is tasked with safeguarding the payment and financial systems of the United States from a wide range of financial and cyber-based crimes. Financial investigations include counterfeit U.S. currency, bank and financial institution fraud, mail fraud, wire fraud, illicit financing operations, and major conspiracies. Cyber investigations include cybercrime, network intrusions, identity theft, access device fraud, credit card fraud, and intellectual property crimes. The Secret Service is also a member of the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) which investigates and combats terrorism on a national and international scale. Also, the Secret Service investigates missing and exploited children and is a partner of the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC).[8]

The Secret Service's initial responsibility was to investigate the counterfeiting of U.S. currency, which was rampant following the American Civil War. The agency then evolved into the United States' first domestic intelligence and counterintelligence agency. Many of the agency's missions were later taken over by subsequent agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), and IRS Criminal Investigation Division (IRS-CI).

The Secret Service is also tasked with investigating reports of the existence of specimens of the extremely rare 1933 double eagle gold coin, as only a single example of the fourteen known survivors from this mintage year is authorised to be owned or sold.[9]

الغرض الثنائي

Secret Service agents conducting electronic investigations

The Secret Service combines the two responsibilities into a dual objective. The two core missions of protection and investigation synergize with each other, providing benefits to special agents during the course of their careers. Skills developed during the course of investigations which are also used in an agent's protective duties include but are not limited to:

  • Partnerships that are created between field offices and local law enforcement during the course of investigations being used to gather both protective intelligence and in coordinating protection events.
  • Tactical operation (e.g. surveillance, arrests, and search warrants) and law enforcement writing (e.g. affidavits, after action reports, and operations plans) skills being applied to both investigative and protective duties.
  • Proficiency in analyzing handwriting and forgery techniques being applied in protective investigations of handwritten letters and suspicious package threats.
  • Expertise in investigating electronic and financial crimes being applied in protective investigations of threats made against the nation's leaders on the Internet.

Protection of the nation's highest elected leaders and other government officials is one of the primary missions of the Secret Service. After the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley, Congress also directed the Secret Service to protect the president of the United States. The Secret Service investigates thousands of incidents each year of individuals threatening the president of the United States.

The Secret Service is authorized by 18 U.S.C. § 3056(a) to protect:[10]

  • The president, vice president (or the next individual in the order of succession, should the vice presidency be vacant), president-elect and vice president-elect
  • The immediate families of the above individuals
  • Former presidents and their spouses for their lifetimes, except if the spouse remarries
  • Children of former presidents under the age of 16
  • Visiting heads of state or government and their spouses traveling with them
  • Other distinguished foreign visitors to the United States and official representatives of the United States performing special missions abroad, when the president directs protection be provided
  • Major presidential and vice presidential candidates and, within 120 days of a general presidential election, their spouses
  • Former vice presidents, their spouses, and their children under 16 years of age, for up to 6 months from the date the former vice president leaves office (the Secretary of Homeland Security can authorize temporary protection of these individuals at any time after that period)

In addition to the above, the Secret Service can also protect other individuals by executive order of the president.[11] Under Presidential Policy Directive 22, "National Special Security Events", the Secret Service is the lead agency for the design and implementation of operational security plans for events designated an NSSE by the secretary of homeland security.

ملف:DoNotEnter.jpg
Sign at the Obama family home in 2021 stating the area is protected by the Secret Service

There have been changes to the protection of former presidents over time. Under the original Former Presidents Act, former presidents and their spouses were entitled to lifetime protection, subject to limited exceptions. In 1994, this was amended to reduce the protection period to 10 years after a former president left office, starting with presidents assuming the role after January 1, 1997. On January 10, 2013, President Barack Obama signed legislation reversing this limit and reinstating lifetime protection to all former presidents.[12] This change impacted Presidents Obama and G.W. Bush, as well as all future presidents.[13]

Protection of government officials is not solely the responsibility of the Secret Service, with many other agencies, such as the United States Capitol Police, Supreme Court Police and Diplomatic Security Service, providing personal protective services to domestic and foreign officials. However, while these agencies are nominally responsible for services to other officers of the United States and senior dignitaries, the Secret Service provides protective services at the highest-level – i.e. for heads of state and heads of government.

The Secret Service's other primary mission is investigative; to protect the payment and financial systems of the United States from a wide range of financial and electronic-based crimes including counterfeit U.S. currency, bank and financial institution fraud, illicit financing operations, cybercrime, identity theft, intellectual property crimes, and any other violations that may affect the United States economy and financial systems. The agency's key focus is on large, high-dollar economic impact cases involving organized criminal groups. Financial criminals include embezzling bank employees, armed robbers at automatic teller machines, heroin traffickers, and criminal organizations that commit bank fraud on a global scale.

The USSS plays a leading role in facilitating relationships between other law enforcement entities, the private sector, and academia. The service maintains the Electronic Crimes Task Forces, which focus on identifying and locating international cyber criminals connected to cyber intrusions, bank fraud, data breaches, and other computer-related crimes. Additionally, the Secret Service runs the National Computer Forensics Institute (NCFI), which provides law enforcement officers, prosecutors, and judges with cyber training and information to combat cybercrime.

In the face of budget pressure, hiring challenges and some high-profile lapses in its protective service role in 2014, the Brookings Institution and some members of Congress are asking whether the agency's focus should shift more to the protective mission, leaving more of its original mission to other agencies.[14][15]

القسم الرسمي

President Barack Obama addresses United States Secret Service Uniformed Division officers before a group photo at the South Portico of the White House, April 4, 2011.


رتب القسم الرسمي

الاسم الشارة
الرئيس
4 Gold Stars.svg
مساعد الرئيس
3 Gold Stars.svg
نائب الرئيس
2 Gold Stars.svg
المحقق
1 Gold Star.svg
كابتن
Captain insignia gold.svg
عقيد
US-OF1B.svg
رقيب
SCSO Sergeant.png
ضابط


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الزي

عميل حرس سري في مهمة حراسة الرئيس اوباما عام 2010



التاريخ

Secret Service agents providing security for Pope Benedict XVI in Washington, D.C.
Secret Service Uniformed Division cruiser in Washington D.C. at the White House

21st century

2000s

September 11 attacks

The New York City Field office was located at 7 World Trade Center. Immediately after the World Trade Center was attacked as part of the September 11 attacks, Special Agents and other New York Field office employees were among the first to respond with first aid. Sixty-seven Special Agents in New York City, at and near the New York Field Office, helped to set up triage areas and evacuate the towers. One Secret Service employee, Master Special Officer Craig Miller,[16] died during the rescue efforts. On August 20, 2002, Director Brian L. Stafford awarded the Director's Valor Award to employees who assisted in the rescue attempts.[17]

Domestic expansion
Secret Service Electronic Crimes Task Force (ECTF)
Secret Service Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Task Force (AFMLTF)

Effective March 1, 2003, the Secret Service transferred from the Treasury to the newly established Department of Homeland Security.[18]

The USA Patriot Act, signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001, mandated the Secret Service to establish a nationwide network of ECTFs in addition to the one already active in New York. As such, this mandate expanded on the agency's first ECTF—the New York Electronic Crimes Task Force, formed in 1995—which brought together federal, state and local law enforcement, prosecutors, private-industry companies, and academia. These bodies collectively provide necessary support and resources to field investigations that meet any one of the following criteria: significant economic or community impact; participation of organized criminal groups involving multiple districts or transnational organizations; or use of schemes involving new technology.[19][20]

The network prioritizes investigations that meet the following criteria:

  • Significant economic or community impact,
  • Participation of multiple-district or transnational organized criminal groups,
  • Use of new technology as a means to commit crime.

Investigations conducted by ECTFs include crimes such as computer generated counterfeit currency; bank fraud; virus and worm proliferation; access device fraud; telecommunications fraud; Internet threats; computer system intrusions and cyberattacks; phishing/spoofing; assistance with Internet-related child pornography and exploitation; and identity theft.[21]

International expansion
Secret Service Cyber Intelligence Center (CIS)

On July 6, 2009, the U.S. Secret Service expanded its fight on cybercrime by creating the first European Electronic Crime Task Force, based on the successful U.S. domestic model, through a memorandum of understanding with Italian police and postal officials. Over a year later, on August 9, 2010, the agency expanded its European involvement by creating its second overseas ECTF in the United Kingdom.[22][23]

Both task forces are said to concentrate on a wide range of "computer-based criminal activity," including:

2010s

As of 2010, the service had over 6,500 employees: 3,200 Special Agents, 1,300 Uniformed Division Officers, and 2,000 technical and administrative employees.[24] Special agents serve on protective details and investigate financial, cyber, and homeland security-related crimes.

In September 2014, the United States Secret Service came under criticism following two high-profile incidents involving intruders at the White House. One such intruder entered the East Room of the White House through an unlocked door.[25]

2020s

On April 15, 2020, the ICE Homeland Security Investigations unit[26] launched "Operation Stolen Promise" that targets COVID-19 related fraud. The operation conscripted resources from various branches of law enforcement and the government, including the U.S. Secret Service.[27] About $2 trillion in the relief package known as the CARES Act were earmarked by law in March 2020, bringing unemployment benefits and loans to millions of Americans. However, as Secret Service spokesmen subsequently pointed out, the Act also opened up opportunities for criminals to fraudulently apply for aid. By the end of 2021, nearly two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, the Secret Service had seized more than $1.2 billion in relief funds appropriated by fraudsters.[28]

On June 1, 2020, during a peaceful protest outside Lafayette Square, the U.S. Secret Service acted contrary to an operational plan and began advancing seven minutes before U.S. Park Police gave any dispersal warnings.[29] This early deployment increased tensions between law enforcement and the protesters.[29] They faced resistance and used pepper spray in response to eggs and bottles being thrown.[29] Attorney General William Barr spoke with the U.S. Park Police operational commander seven minutes before the Secret Service began advancing, and again later, before President Trump visited a nearby Parish House to pose for a photo while holding a bible.[29] The U.S. Secret Service later apologized[29] but Joseph Cuffari, the Department of Homeland Security Inspector General, prevented career officials from investigating the role U.S. Secret Service played in the Trump administration’s controversial use of force to remove protesters that day.[30]

In August 2020, a Secret Service officer shot a man once in the chest at the corner of 17th street and Pennsylvania during one of then-President Trump’s press conferences. The President was evacuated but returned later and told the White House press corps that the man had a gun. However, according to court documents, the man was actually holding a comb, told the officers he was armed and took a shooting stance before being shot. The man is schizophrenic and was charged with simple assault of a law enforcement officer.[31][32]

A day before the January 6 United States Capitol attack in 2021, the Secret Service warned Capitol Police of threats of violence that Capitol Police officers could face violence at the hands of supporters of President Donald Trump.[33] On January 6, Secret Service agents provided security in and around the United States Capitol, as well as evacuating Vice President Mike Pence during the riot.[34] Testimony in Congress indicates Pence was concerned his security detail would remove him from the Capitol, stopping him from completing his duty to oversee the final count of electoral college votes. At the center of the controversy surrounding the Secret Service and January 6 investigations is Anthony M. Ornato, who had been the head of Trump's security detail, but took the unprecedented step of leaving the Secret Service to become deputy White House chief of staff and becoming a "key part of Trump’s effort to get reelected."[35]

The Secret Service assisted in the seizure of hacker forum RaidForums in 2022.[36]

In April 2022, four Secret Service agents, one of whom was assigned to First Lady Jill Biden, were placed on leave after accepting lavish gifts, rent free apartments, and other bribes from 2 men ultimately convicted of impersonating federal officers.[37][38]

On August 24, 2022, President Joe Biden named Kim Cheatle, an official with PepsiCo, as the agency's new director. Cheatle was in the Secret Service for 27 years and became the first woman to serve as assistant director of protective operations, a department tasked with protecting the president and dignitaries.[39]


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Attacks on presidents

المقالة الرئيسية: List of United States presidential assassination attempts and plots
Secret Service agents responding to the assassination attempt of Ronald Reagan by John Hinckley, Jr. on March 30, 1981

Since the 1960s, presidents John F. Kennedy (killed), Gerald Ford (twice attacked, but uninjured) and Ronald Reagan (seriously wounded) have been attacked while appearing in public.[40][41] Agents on scene, though not injured, during attacks on presidents include William Greer and Roy Kellerman. One of the agents was Robert DeProspero, the Special Agent In Charge (SAIC) of Reagan's Presidential Protective Division (PPD) from January 1982 to April 1985. DeProspero was deputy to Jerry Parr, the SAIC of PPD during the Reagan assassination attempt on March 30, 1981.[42][43]

Secret Service agents guard President George W. Bush in 2008

The Kennedy assassination spotlighted the bravery of two Secret Service agents. First, an agent protecting Mrs. Kennedy, Clint Hill, was riding in the car directly behind the presidential limousine when the attack began. While the shooting continued, Hill leaped from the running board of the car he was riding on and jumped onto the back of the president's moving car and guided Mrs. Kennedy from the trunk back into the rear seat of the car. He then shielded the president and the first lady with his body until the car arrived at the hospital.

Rufus Youngblood was riding in the vice-presidential car. When the shots were fired, he vaulted over the front seat and threw his body over Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson.[44] That evening, Johnson called Secret Service Chief James J. Rowley and cited Youngblood's bravery.[45][46] Youngblood would later recall some of this in his memoir, Twenty Years in the Secret Service.

The period following the Kennedy assassination was the most difficult in the modern history of the agency. Press reports indicated that morale among the agents was "low" for months following the assassination.[47][48] The agency overhauled its procedures in the wake of the Kennedy killing. Training, which until that time had been confined largely to "on-the-job" efforts, was systematized and regularized.

The Reagan assassination attempt also involved several Secret Service agents, particularly agent Tim McCarthy, who spread his stance to protect Reagan as six bullets were being fired by the would-be assassin, John Hinckley Jr.[49] McCarthy survived a .22-caliber round in the abdomen. For his bravery, McCarthy received the NCAA Award of Valor in 1982.[50] Jerry Parr, the agent who pushed President Reagan into the limousine, and made the critical decision to divert the presidential motorcade to George Washington University Hospital instead of returning to the White House, was also honored with U.S. Congress commendations for his actions that day.[51]


توسع المهام إلى الهجمات الإلكترونية بعد أحداث 11 سبتمبر 2001

داخلية

تشمل شبكة عملاء الحرس السري الأمريكي المدن الأمريكية التالية:

دولياً

حالياً، لدى الحرس السري الأمريكي مكاتب في المدن التالية:

تحقيقات شهيرة

Arrest and indictment of Max Ray Butler, co-founder of the Carders Market carding website. Butler was indicted by a federal grand jury in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, after his September 5, 2007, arrest, on wire fraud and identity theft charges. According to the indictment, Butler hacked over the Internet into computers at financial institutions and credit card processing centers and sold the tens of thousands of credit card numbers that he acquired in the process.[54]

Operation Firewall: In October 2004, 28 suspects—located across eight U.S. states and six countries—were arrested on charges of identity theft, computer fraud, credit-card fraud, and conspiracy. Nearly 30 national and foreign field offices of the U.S. Secret Service, including the newly established national ECTFs, and countless local enforcement agencies from around the globe, were involved in this operation. Collectively, the arrested suspects trafficked in at least 1.7 million stolen credit card numbers, which amounted to $4.3 million of losses to financial institutions. However, authorities estimated that prevented loss to the industry was in the hundreds of millions of dollars. The operation, which started in July 2003 and lasted for more than a year, led investigators to identify three cybercriminal groups: Shadowcrew, Carderplanet, and Darkprofits.[55]

From the investigation, there was the arrest and indictment of Albert Gonzalez and 11 other individuals: three U.S. citizens, one from Estonia, three from Ukraine, two from the People's Republic of China, one from Belarus, and one known only by an online alias. They were arrested on August 5, 2008, for the theft and sale of more than 40 million credit and debit card numbers from major U.S. retailers, including TJX Companies, BJ's Wholesale Club, OfficeMax, Boston Market, Barnes & Noble, Sports Authority, Forever 21, and DSW. Gonzalez, the main organizer of the scheme, was charged with computer fraud, wire fraud, access device fraud, aggravated identity theft, and conspiracy for his leading role in the crime.[56]

فضيحة الدعارة في قمة الأمريكتين السادسة

المقالة الرئيسية: قمة الأمريكتين السادسة § جدل حول الولايات المتدة

في أبريل 2012، جذبت فضيحة تورط فيها الحرس السري الخاص بالرئيس اوباما، أنظار الصحافة العالمية. حيث تورد 11 من وكلاء الأمن السري الأمريكي وأفراد من العسكريين من أربع فروع بتهمة دفع مبالغ مالية لعاهرات وفتيات عروض التعري في إلسلڤادور. وأفادت تقارير بأن عناصر من فريق الأمن السري المتقدم المسؤول عن حماية الرئيس الامريكي قد دفعوا مبالغ مقابل تلقي خدمات جنسية في نادي ليلي يقدم عروض التعري في عام 2011. وتأتي هذه المزاعم الجديدة بعد تفجر فضيحة جنسية تورط فيها بعض عناصر الامن السري وعناصر عسكرية في كولومبيا. وقد ترك 8 من عناصر الجهاز العمل فيه بعد اتهامهم بالتورط في فضيحة كولومبيا.[57]

واضطر 23 شرطيا وعسكريا أمريكيا، منذ الكشف عن هذه الفضيحة قبل اكثر من اسبوع، للاعتراف بأنهم قاموا بمعاشرة مومسات في مدينة كارتاهينا، ومن بين هؤلاء 12 من أفراد الجهاز السري و11 من العسكريين. وكان العملاء المتهمين جزءا من فريق يحضر لزيارة الرئيس اوباما لحضور قمة الأمريكيتين في وقت سابق من شهر أبريل 2012.

Personnel

Secret Service agents protecting President Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama

Special Agent

Secret Service agents executing a protective operation

The Secret Service special agent position is highly competitive. In 2011, the service accepted less than 1% of its 15,600 special agent applicants.[58]

At a minimum, a prospective agent must be a U.S. citizen, possess a current valid driver's license, be in excellent health and physical condition, possess visual acuity no worse than 20/100 uncorrected or correctable to 20/20 in each eye, and be between age 21–37 at the time of appointment,[59] but eligible veterans may apply past age 37. In 2009, the Office of Personnel Management issued implementation guidance on the Isabella v. Department of State court decision: OPM Letter.[60]

Prospective agents must also qualify for a TS/SCI (Top Secret / Sensitive Compartmented Information) clearance, and undergo an extensive background investigation, to include in-depth interviews, drug screening, medical diagnosis, and full-scope polygraph examination.[59]

Secret Service agent trainees at the James J. Rowley Training Center (RTC)

Special agents receive training in two locations, totaling approximately 31 weeks. The first phase, the Criminal Investigator Training Program (CITP) is conducted at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC) in Glynco, Georgia, lasting approximately 13 weeks. The second phase, the Special Agent Training Course (SATC) is conducted at the Secret Service Academy, James J. Rowley Training Center (JJRTC), just outside Washington, D.C. in Laurel, Maryland, lasting approximately 18 weeks.[61]

Secret Service agent trainees practice executing a search warrant.

A typical special agent career path, depending upon performance and promotions that affect individual assignments, begins with the first six to eight years on the job assigned to a field office. Applicants are directed to list their office location preference during the application process, and upon receiving a final job offer, usually have several locations to choose from.[59] After their field office experience, agents are usually transferred to a protective assignment where they will stay for three to five years. Following their protective assignment, many agents return to a field office for the rest of their careers, or opt for a headquarters based assignment located in Washington, D.C. During their careers, agents also have the opportunity to work overseas in one of the agency's international field offices. This typically requires foreign language training to ensure language proficiency when working alongside the agency's foreign law enforcement counterparts.[59]

Special agents are hired at the GL-07, GL-09, or GS-11 grade level, depending on individual qualifications and/or education.[59] Agents are eligible for promotion on a yearly basis, from GL-07, to GL-09, to GS-11, to GS-12, to GS-13. The full performance grade level for a journeyman field agent is GS-13, which a GL-07, GL-09, or GS-11 agent may reach in as little as four, three, or two years respectively. GS-13 agents are eligible for competitive promotion to supervisory positions, which encompasses the GS-14, GS-15, and SES grade levels. GS-13 agents who wish to remain as journeyman field agents, will continue to advance the GS-13 step level, capping at GS-13 Step 10.

Special agents also receive Law Enforcement Availability Pay (LEAP), a type of premium overtime pay which provides them with an additional 25% bonus pay on top of their salary, as agents are required to work an average workweek of 50 hours as opposed to 40.[62] Therefore an agent living in the Greater New York City area (NY, NJ, CT) will earn an annual salary of $77,315 (GL-07), $86,226 (GL-09), $100,961 (GS-11), $121,010 (GS-12), $143,897 (GS-13), $170,043 (GS-14), and $183,500 (GS-15). Journeyman field agents at GS-13 Step 10 are also paid a salary of $183,500.[63]

Due to the nature of their work and unique among their federal law enforcement counterparts (e.g. FBI, DEA, ATF), Secret Service agents are regularly eligible for scheduled overtime pay in addition to LEAP, and enjoy a raised statutory pay cap of $212,100 per year (Level II of the Executive Schedule) as opposed to the standard pay cap of $183,500 per year (Level IV of the Executive Schedule).[64]

Uniformed Division Officer

المقالة الرئيسية: United States Secret Service Uniformed Division
Secret Service officer and his police dog as part of the Emergency Response Team (ERT)

The Secret Service Uniformed Division is a security police similar to the U.S. Capitol Police or DHS Federal Protective Service and is in charge of protecting the physical White House grounds and foreign diplomatic missions in the Washington, D.C. area. Established in 1922 as the White House Police, this organization was fully integrated into the Secret Service in 1930. In 1970, the protection of foreign diplomatic missions was added to the force's responsibilities, and its name was changed to the Executive Protective Service. The name United States Secret Service Uniformed Division was adopted in 1977.

Secret Service Uniformed Division officers provide protection for the White House Complex, the vice president's residence, the main Treasury Building and Annex, and foreign diplomatic missions and embassies in the Washington, D.C., area. Additionally, Uniformed Division officers travel in support of presidential, vice presidential and foreign head of state government missions.[65] Officers may, as their careers progress, be selected to participate in one of several specialized units, including the:

  • Canine Unit: Performing security sweeps and responding to bomb threats and suspicious packages.
  • Emergency Response Team: Providing a coordinated tactical response for the White House and other protected facilities.
  • Counter-sniper Team: Utilizing observation, sighting equipment and high-performance weapons to provide a secure environment for protectees.
  • Motorcade Support Unit: Providing motorcycle tactical support for official movements of motorcades.
  • Crime Scene Search Unit: Photographing, collecting and processing physical and latent evidence.
  • Office of Training: Serving as firearms and classroom instructors or recruiters.
  • Special Operations Section: Handling special duties and functions at the White House Complex, including conducting the daily congressional and public tours of the White House.[65]

Weapons and equipment

Two men on a roof with rifles positioned on tripods
Two snipers protect Vice President Mike Pence in Indianapolis in 2017.

Since the agency's inception, a variety of weapons have been carried by its agents.

Weapons

Agents and officers are trained on standard shoulder weapons that include the FN P90 submachine gun, the 9mm Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun, and the 12-gauge Remington 870 shotgun.[66]

Secret Service counter-sniper marksman on top of the White House's roof, armed with a sniper rifle

As a non-lethal option, Special Agents, Special Officers, and Uniformed Division Officers are armed with the ASP 16" expandable baton, and Uniformed Division officers also carry pepper spray.

Special Operations Division (SOD) units are authorized to use a variety of non-standard weapons. The Counter Assault Team (CAT) and the Emergency Response Team (ERT) both use the 5.56mm Knight's Armament Company SR-16 CQB assault rifle in an 11.5" configuration. CAT also deploys 12 gauge Remington 870 MCS breaching shotguns. Uniform Division technicians assigned to the Counter Sniper (CS) team use custom built .300 Winchester Magnum-chambered bolt-action rifles referred to as JARs ("Just Another Rifle").[بحاجة لمصدر] These rifles are built with Remington 700 long actions in Accuracy International stocks and use Schmidt & Bender optics. CS technicians also use the 7.62mm KAC SR-25/Mk11 Mod 0 semi-automatic sniper rifle with a Trijicon 5.5× ACOG optic.[67]

Sidearms

The Secret Service's current duty sidearm, the SIG-Sauer P229 double-action/single-action pistol chambered in .357 SIG, entered service in 1999. It is the issued handgun to all special agents as well as officers of the Uniformed Division. As of 2019, the SIG-Sauer P229 is scheduled to be replaced with Glock 9mm pistols.[68] Most special agents will be issued the Glock 19 Gen 5 MOS with forward slide serrations, Ameriglo Bold night sights, and a Streamlight TLR-7A weapon light.[69] The US Secret Service's Special Operations will be issued the Glock 47 with Ameriglo Bold sights and a Surefire X300 Ultra weapon light.[70][71]

Badges

  • Secret Service badge (1875–1890)

    Secret Service badge (1875–1890)

  • Secret Service badge (1890–1971)

    Secret Service badge (1890–1971)

  • Secret Service badge (1971–2003)

    Secret Service badge (1971–2003)

  • Secret Service badge (2003–present)

    Secret Service badge (2003–present)

Attire

Secret Service agent in business suit working President Obama's protection detail

Special agents and special officers of the Secret Service wear attire that is appropriate for their surroundings, in order to blend in as much as possible. In most circumstances, the attire of a close protection shift is a conservative suit, but it can range from a tuxedo to casual clothing as required by the environment. Stereotypically, Secret Service agents are often portrayed wearing reflective sunglasses and a communication earpiece. Often their attire is customized to conceal the wide array of equipment worn in service. Agents wear a distinctive lapel pin that identifies them to other agents.[72]

The attire for Uniformed Division Officers includes standard police uniforms or utility uniforms and ballistic/identification vests for members of the counter-sniper team, Emergency Response Team (ERT), and canine officers. The shoulder patch of the Uniformed Division consists of the U.S. coat of arms on white or black, depending on the garment. Also, the shoulder patch is embroidered with "U.S. Secret Service Uniformed Division Police" around the emblem.[73]

Vehicles

Ford Taurus of the Uniformed Division of the Secret Service.
An Allegheny County Police officer and his working dog screening a US Secret Service vehicle for explosives.

When transporting the president in a motorcade, the Secret Service uses a fleet of custom-built armored Cadillac Limousines, the newest and largest version of which is known as "The Beast". Armored Chevrolet Suburbans are also used when logistics require such a vehicle or when a more low-profile appearance is required. For official movement, the limousine is affixed with U.S. and presidential flags and the presidential seal on the rear doors. For unofficial events, the vehicles are left sterile and unadorned.[17]

Field offices

Secret Service Field Offices
المقالة الرئيسية: List of United States Secret Service field offices

The Secret Service has agents assigned to 136 field offices and field agencies, and the headquarters in Washington, D.C. The service's offices are located in cities throughout the United States and the world. The offices in Lyon and The Hague are respectively responsible for liaison with the headquarters of Interpol and Europol, located in those cities.[74]

Misconduct

انظر أيضاً: 6th Summit of the Americas § U.S. security misconduct

On April 14, 2012, the U.S. Secret Service placed 11 agents on administrative leave as the agency investigated allegations that the men brought prostitutes to their hotel rooms in Cartagena, Colombia, while on assignment to protect President Obama and that a dispute ensued with one of the women over payment the following morning.[75]

After the incident was publicized, the Secret Service implemented new rules for its personnel.[76][77][78][79] The rules prohibit personnel from visiting "non-reputable establishments"[77] and from consuming alcohol less than ten hours before starting work. Additionally, they restrict who is allowed in hotel rooms.[77]

In 2015, two inebriated senior Secret Service agents drove an official car into the White House complex and collided with a barrier. One of the congressmen in the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform that investigated that incident was Jason Chaffetz. In September 2015, it was revealed that 18 Secret Service employees or supervisors, including Assistant Director Ed Lowery, accessed an unsuccessful 2003 application by Chaffetz for employment with the agency and discussed leaking the information to the media in retaliation for Chaffetz' investigations of agency misconduct. The confidential personal information was later leaked to The Daily Beast. Agency Director Joe Clancy apologized to Chaffetz and said that disciplinary action would be taken against those responsible.[80]

In March 2017, a member of Vice President Mike Pence's detail was suspended after the agent was caught visiting a prostitute at a hotel in Maryland.[81]

In July 2022, during President Biden's trip to the Middle East, a Secret Service agent was sent back to the United States from Israel after assaulting a woman at a bar in Machane Yehuda. A Secret Service spokesman said in a statement that the agency was informed of the encounter, and the agent, who was working in Israel, was "briefly detained and questioned by Israeli police, who released him without charges."[82]

On July 15, 2022, The Intercept reported that a letter from the Department of Homeland Security revealed the Secret Service had erased text messages from the day before and day of the January 6 insurrection, shortly after those messages were requested by oversight officials investigating the agency’s response to the US Capitol riots.[83] The agency claimed that the messages “were erased as part of a device-replacement program,” although the agency is bound by regulation to preserve all records of its activity (including text messages, emails, and other electronic communications). According to Politico on July 19, 2022, as new material becomes available to the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack, "a potential second round of hearings gets slated for the fall [of 2022]".[84] Such related new materials may include further details regarding “the potential unauthorized deletion” of text messages, particularly those from around January 5 and 6, 2021, by the Secret Service, then headed by Director James M. Murray, an appointee by then-President Trump in 2019.[85][86] The Department of Homeland Security’s inspector general has initiated a criminal investigation into the erasure of text messages exchanged by Secret Service agents relating to the January 6 Capitol riot.[87][88]


المديرون

  1. وليام پ. وود (1865–1869)
  2. هيرام س. وايتلي (1869–1874)
  3. إلمر واشبرن(1874–1876)
  4. جيمس بروكس (1876–1888)
  5. جون س. بل (1888–1890)
  6. أندرو ل. دروموند (1891–1894)
  7. وليام پ. هازن (1894–1898)
  8. جون إ. ويلكلي (1898–1911)
  9. وليام ج. فلاين (1912–1917)
  10. وليام هـ. موران (1917–1936)
  11. فرانك ج. ولسون (1937–1946)
  12. جيمس ج. مالوني (1946–1948)
  13. ي. إ. بوگمان (1948–1961)
  14. جيمس ج. رولي (1961–1973)
  15. عـ. ستوارت نايت (1973–1981)
  16. جون ر. سيمپسون (1981–1992)
  17. جون ماگاو (1992–1993)
  18. إلجاي ب. بورون(1993–1997)
  19. لويس س. مرليتي (1997–1999)
  20. بريان ل. ستافورد (1999–2003)
  21. دبليو رالف باشام (2003–2006)
  22. مارك ج. سوليڤان (2006–الآن)

المكاتب الميدانية

المقالة الرئيسية: قائمة مكاتب الحرس السري الأمريكي

لدى الأمن السري الأمريكي 136 مكتب ميداني ومقرات رئيسية في واشنطن دي سي، وتقع المكاتب الميدانية في البرازيل (برازيليا)، بلغاريا (صوفيا)، كندا (مونتريال، اوتوا، تورنتو، ڤانكوڤر)، كولومبيا (بوگوتا)، الصين (هونگ كونگ)، فرنسا (باريس)، إنترپول (ليون)، ألمانيا (فرانكفورت)، إيطاليا (روما)، المكسيك مكسيكو سيتي)، يوروپول (هولندا/لاهاي)، رومانيا (بوخارست)، روسيا (موسكو)، [[جنوب أفريقيا (پريتوريا)، إسپانيا (مدريد)، تايلاند (بانگوك) والمملكة المتحدة (لندن).

في الثقافة العامة

منظمات مشابهة

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

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