ائتلاف الإطلاق المتحد

United Launch Alliance
النوعPrivate
الصناعةAerospace
تأسست1 ديسمبر 2006; منذ 17 سنة (2006-12-01
المقر الرئيسيCentennial, Colorado, United States
الأشخاص الرئيسيون
Tory Bruno (CEO)
المنتجات
الدخل1,320,000,000 دولار أمريكي (2018) Edit this on Wikidata
الموظفون2500 (2018) [1]
الشركة الأمبوينگ, لوكهيد مارتن Edit this on Wikidata
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.ulalaunch.com

United Launch Alliance (ULA) is an American spacecraft launch service provider that manufactures and operates a number of rocket vehicles that are capable of launching spacecraft into orbits around Earth and to other bodies in the solar system. The company, which is a joint venture between Lockheed Martin Space and Boeing Defense, Space & Security, was formed in December 2006. Launch customers of the United States government include the Department of Defense (DoD), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and other organizations.[2]

ULA provides launch services using expendable launch systems Delta IV Heavy and Atlas V, and until 2018 the medium-lift Delta II. The Atlas, Delta IV Heavy and the recently retired Delta IV launch systems have launched payloads including weather, telecommunications, and national security satellites, scientific probes and orbiters. ULA also launches commercial satellites.[3]

اعتبارا من 2020, the company is developing the Vulcan Centaur, a successor to the Atlas V that includes some Delta IV technology.[4][5] As of 2019, Vulcan launches were planned to begin in 2021.[6] The Advanced Cryogenic Evolved Stage (ACES) is planned to replace Centaur V on Vulcan from 2023.[7][8]

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Company history

Formation and FTC approval

Boeing and Lockheed Martin announced their intent to form a 50-50 joint venture on May 2, 2005, aiming to consolidate the manufacture and development of U.S. government expendable launch vehicles and launch services. The name United Launch Alliance (ULA) was announced at the same time.[9] Annual savings were estimated to be between US$100 million and US$150 million. SpaceX challenged the United States antitrust law legality of the launch services monopoly on October 23, 2005, creating competition with reusable launch systems.[10] The Federal Trade Commission gave ULA anti-trust clearance on October 3, 2006.[11] The commission required ULA to "cooperate on equivalent terms with all providers of government space vehicles ... provide equal consideration and support to all launch service providers when seeking any U.S. government delivery in orbit contract ... and to safeguard competitively sensitive information obtained from other providers of space vehicles and launch services".[12]


Launch history

المقالة الرئيسية: Atlas V § Atlas V launches, Delta IV § Delta IV launches, and Delta II § Delta II launches
5
10
15
20
2006
'07
'08
'09
'10
'11
'12
'13
'14
'15
'16
'17
'18
'19
'20
'21
'22
  •   Success
  •   Partial Failure
  •   Scheduled


2015–2019

Launch of InSight
Parker Solar Probe Launch


2020

Solar Orbiter launch closeup


See also

Past products
Launch Service Providers


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Explanatory notes

Citations

  1. ^ "About ULA". United Launch Alliance. Archived from the original on 10 February 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  2. ^ "SpaceX breaks Boeing-Lockheed monopoly on military space launches". Reuters. 2016-04-28. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
  3. ^ Justin Ray (November 23, 2009). "Atlas 5 launches Intelsat communications satellite". Spaceflight Now.
  4. ^ Gruss, Mike (April 13, 2015). "ULA's Next Rocket to Be Named Vulcan". SpaceNews. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
  5. ^ Grush, Loren (September 27, 2018). "Military's primary launch provider picks Blue Origin's new engine for future rocket". The Verge. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  6. ^ "SNC Selects ULA for Dream Chaser® Spacecraft Launches: NASA Missions to Begin in 2021". ULALaunch. 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  7. ^ Gruss, Mike (13 April 2015). "ULA's Vulcan Rocket To be Rolled out in Stages". Space News. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  8. ^ Butler, Amy (11 May 2015). "Industry Team Hopes To Resurrect Atlas V Post RD-180". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  9. ^ "Boeing, Lockheed Martin to Form Launch Services Joint Venture". United Launch Alliance. 2 May 2005. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  10. ^ "Is SpaceX Undercutting the Competition Even More Than Anyone Thought?". Fortune Magazine. 2017-06-17.
  11. ^ (press release) (October 3, 2006). "FTC gives clearance to United Launch Alliance". Spaceflight Now.
  12. ^ "Federal Register. Vol. 71, No. 197" (PDF). Gov Info. 12 October 2006. Retrieved 7 May 2020.  هذا المقال يضم نصاً من هذا المصدر، الذي هو مشاع.

External links

قالب:United Launch Alliance

قالب:Atlas rockets

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