إليزابث بلاكويل

إليزابث بلاكويل.
إليزابث بلاكويل
وُلِدَ	(1821-02-03)3 فبراير 1821 بريستول، إنكلترا
توفي	31 مايو 1910(1910-05-31) (aged 89) هاستينگز، إنگلترا

إليزابث بلاكويل Elizabeth Blackwell (و. 3 فبراير 1821 – ت. 31 مايو 1910) أول طبيبة في العصر الحديث في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. والمصلح الاجتماعي والأخلاقي في كل من الولايات المتحدة وإنگلترا.

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 التعليم

 التعليم الطبي في الولايات المتحدة

Portrait of Elizabeth Blackwell by Joseph Stanley Kozlowski, 1905. Syracuse University Medical School collection.

 العمل

 الإصلاح الاجتماعي والأخلاقي في أوروبا

Blackwell was commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp in 1974, designed by Joseph Stanley Kozlowski. Syracuse University Medical School collection.

 الحياة الشخصية

 الأصدقاء والعائلة

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 السنوات الأخيرة ووفاته

Blackwell's headstone is the tall, white cross at the bottom of the hill.

 أعمالها

• 1849 The Causes and Treatment of Typhus, or Shipfever (أطروحة)
• 1852 The Laws of Life with Special Reference to the Physical Education of Girls (brochure, compilation of lecture series) pub. by George Putnam
• 1878 Counsel to Parents on the Moral Education of their Children in Relation to Sex (eight editions, republished as The Moral Education of the Young in Relation to Sex)
• 1881 "Medicine and Morality" (published in Modern Review)
• 1884 The Human Element in Sex: being a Medical Enquiry into the Relation of Sexual Physiology to Christian Morality (جزءان)
• 1887 Purchase of Women: the Great Economic Blunder
• 1871 The Religion of Health (compilation of lecture series, three editions)
• 1888 On the Decay of Municipal Representative Government - A Chapter of Personal Experience (Moral Reform League)
• 1891 Erroneous Method in Medical Education etc. (Women's Printing Society)
• 1892 Why Hygienic Congresses Fail
• 1895 Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women - Autobiographical Sketches (Longmans, reprinted New York: Schocken Books, 1977)
• 1898 Scientific Method in Biology
• 1902 Essays in Medical Sociology, 2 vols (Ernest Bell)

 جوائز وتكريمات

Two institutions honour Elizabeth Blackwell as an alumna:

• Hobart and William Smith Colleges, the current name of Geneva College, the founding institution of Geneva Medical College
• State University of New York (SUNY) at Syracuse, which acquired Geneva Medical College in 1950 and renamed it "State University of New York Upstate Medical University" in 1999.

 انظر أيضاً

• Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, first woman to gain a medical qualification in Britain as a woman
• James Barry (surgeon), possibly the first female bodied doctor (assigned female at birth but living as a man)

 قراءات إضافية

• Baker, Rachel (1944). The first woman doctor: the story of Elizabeth Blackwell, M.D. J. Messner, Inc., New York, OCLC 848388
• Mesnard, E.M. (1889). Miss Elizabeth Blackwell and the Women of Medicine. Paris.
• Wilson, Dorothy Clarke (1970). Lone woman: the story of Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman doctor. Little Brown, Boston, OCLC 56257

 وصلات خارجية

• Works by Elizabeth Blackwell online at the Biodiversity Heritage Library
• Some places and memories related to Elizabeth Blackwell
• Women in Science
• An online history at the National Institutes of Health, including copies of historical documents
• An online biography of Elizabeth Blackwell, with links to more articles on Blackwell and others in her famous family, plus links to many resources on the Net
• Biography from the National Institute of Health
• Elizabeth Blackwell at the Hobart and William Smith Colleges Archives.
• Elizabeth Blackwell Resources Available in Hobart and William Smith Colleges Archives.
• Chronological Bibliography of Selected Scholarly Works by Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell.
• Elizabeth Blackwell at winningthevote.org
• إليزابث بلاكويل at Find A Grave
• Papers, 1835-1960. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
• Texts on Wikisource:
  • "Blackwell, Elizabeth". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. 
  • Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). The New Student's Reference Work. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • "Blackwell, Elizabeth". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900. 
  • Thompson Cooper (1884) “Blackwell, Elizabeth,” Men of the Time (eleventh edition).