ووسترشاير

Coordinates: 52°12′N 2°10′W / 52.200°N 2.167°W / 52.200; -2.167
(تم التحويل من Worcestershire)
إذا كنت تريد الصوص، انظر صوص ووسترشاير. إذا كنت تريد مجلس المقاطعة، انظر مجلس مقاطعة ووسترشاير.

52°12′N 2°10′W / 52.200°N 2.167°W / 52.200; -2.167

Worcestershire
مقاطعة تشريفية
Worcestershire flag.svg
Flag
Arms of Worcestershire County Council.svg
Coat of arms
Worcestershire within England
البلدالمملكة المتحدة
المقاطعةإنگلترة
المنطقةWest Midlands
التأسيس1 April 1998
أسسهاLocal Government Commission for England
سبقهاHereford and Worcester
الأصلAncient
منطقة التوقيتUTC±00:00 (توقيت گرينتش المتوسط)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+01:00 (توقيت بريطانيا الصيفي)
أعضاء البرلمان
المقاطعة الاحتفالية
الحاكم العامLt Col Patrick Holcroft
المأمورEdward Holloway[1] (2019–2020)
المساحة1,741 km2 (672 sq mi)
الترتيب34th من 48
تعداد (2008 تق.)557,600
الترتيب38th من 48
الكثافة السكانية320/km2 (830/sq mi)
العرقية92.4% White British
3.4% White Other
2.4% Asian
0.4% Black
1.4% Other/Mixed[2]
Non-metropolitan county
مجلس المقاطعةWorcestershire County Council[3]
التنفيذيةالمحافظين
المقر الرئيسي للمسئولWorcester
المساحة1,741 km2 (672 sq mi)
الترتيب من 26
السكان557,600
الترتيب21st من 26
الكثافة السكانية320/km2 (830/sq mi)
ISO 3166-2GB-WOR
رمز ONS47
رمز GSSE10000034
NUTSUKG12
الأحياء
Worcestershire numbered districts.svg
Districts of Worcestershire
الأحياء
  1. Worcester
  2. Malvern Hills
  3. Wyre Forest
  4. Bromsgrove
  5. Redditch
  6. Wychavon

Worcestershire ( /ˈwʊstərʃər/ WUUS-tər-shər, /ʔʃɪər/ -sheer; written abbreviation: Worcs) is a county in the West Midlands of England.

The area that is now Worcestershire was absorbed into the unified Kingdom of England in 927, at which time it was constituted as a county (see History of Worcestershire). Over the centuries the county borders have been modified, but it was not until 1844 that substantial changes were made. This culminated with the abolition of Worcestershire in 1974 with its northern area becoming part of the West Midlands and the rest part of the county of Hereford and Worcester. However, in 1998 the county of Hereford and Worcester was abolished and Worcestershire was reconstituted without the northern area, which was ceded to the West Midlands.

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الموقع

The county borders Herefordshire to the west, Shropshire to the north-west, Staffordshire only just to the north, West Midlands to the north and north-east, Warwickshire to the east and Gloucestershire to the south. The western border with Herefordshire includes a stretch along the top of the Malvern Hills. At the southern border with Gloucestershire, Worcestershire meets the northern edge of the Cotswolds. Two major rivers flow through the county: the Severn and the Avon.


التاريخ

المقالة الرئيسية: History of Worcestershire and History of Worcester
The hand axe discovered in 1970s in Hallow. Potentially the first Early Middle Palaeolithic artefact from the West Midlands.[4]

The geographical area now known as Worcestershire was first populated at least 700,000 years ago.[4] The area became predominantly agricultural in the Bronze Age, leading to population growth and more evidence of settlement. By the Iron Age, hill forts dominated the landscape. Settlement of these swiftly ended with the Roman occupation of Britain.[5]

The Roman period saw establishment of the villa system in the Cotswalds and Vale of Evesham. Droitwich (Salinae) was probably the most important settlement in the county in this period, due to its product of salt. There is also evidence for Roman settlement and industrial activity around Worcester and King's Norton.[6]

ووسترشاير الأنگلو-ساكسونية

المقالة الرئيسية: تاريخ ووسترشاير § أنگلو-ساكسون

The area which became Worcestershire formed the heartland of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the Hwicce. It was absorbed by the Kingdom of Mercia during the 7th century and became part of the unified Kingdom of England in 927. Worcestershire was established as an administrative and defensive unit in the early tenth century.[7] Its purpose was to take into account and defend the estates within the northern area of the historic See of Worcester, held by the Episcopus Hwicciorum and Worcester Priory, along with the Abbots of Pershore, Westminster and Evesham.[8] The shires and its sub-divisions known as hundreds, formed a framework for administering the resources of each burhs' outlying estates.[9] It was a separate ealdormanship briefly in the 10th century before forming part of the Earldom of Mercia in the 11th century. The last known Anglo-Saxon Sheriff of Worcestershire was Cyneweard of Laughern.

الفتح النورماني

المقالة الرئيسية: تاريخ_ووسترشاير § العصور الوسطى

During the Middle Ages, much of the county's economy was based on the wool trade. Many areas of its dense forests, such as Feckenham Forest, Horewell Forest and Malvern Chase, were royal hunting grounds subject to forest law.

After the Norman conquest of England; the Domesday Book noted in 1086 that in seven of the twelve hundreds covering Worcestershire, the Crown had no authority. The Crown's authority was replaced by the Bishop of Worcester and the Abbots at Pershore, Westminster and Evesham.[10]

William the Conqueror gave to his allies and friends manors and parishes captured from the Anglo-Saxons.[11][12][13] Despite the Norman Conquest, the rest of the county was still held by the Abbeys of Pershore and Evesham, the Bishop of Worcester and Priory.

The first Norman Sheriff Urse d'Abetot, built the castle of Worcester and seized much church land, some of which became part of the Crown's hundreds in Worcestershire.[14][15] and was in dispute with the Bishop of Worcester over the rights of the sheriff.[16][17]

Bishop Wulfstan was the last Anglo-Saxon bishop in England, and remained in post until his death in 1095. Under his tenure the cathedral began major reconstruction, and he opposed political interventions against William and the Normans. He was later made a saint.

أعلى العصور الوسطى

During Henry III's disputes and wars with his Barons, in 1263 Worcester's Jewish residents were attacked by a baronial force led by Robert Earl Ferrers and Henry de Montfort. Most were killed.[18] The massacre in Worcester was part of a wider campaign by the De Montforts and their allies in the run-up to the Second Barons' War, aimed at undermining Henry III. Worcestershire was the site of the Battle of Evesham in which Simon de Montfort was killed on 4 August 1265.[note 1] A few years later, in 1275, the Jews that were still living in Worcester were forced to move to Hereford,[18] as they were expelled from all towns under the jurisdiction of the queen mother.[19]

الحرب الأهلية

المقالة الرئيسية: Worcestershire in the English Civil War, History of Worcestershire § Civil War, and History of Worcester § Civil War
The Battle of Powick Bridge on the River Teme on 23 September 1642 began the English Civil War.

In 1642, the Battle of Powick Bridge was the first major skirmish of the English Civil War. The county suffered from being on the Royalist front line, as it was subject to heavy taxation and the pressing of men into the Royalist army, which also reduced its productive capacity. The northern part of the county, which was already a centre of iron production, was important for military supplies. Parliamentarian raids and Royalist requisitioning both placed a great strain on the county.

There were tensions from the participation of prominent Catholic recusants in the military and civilian organisation of the county. Combined with the opposition to requisitioning from both sides, bands of Clubmen formed to keep the war away from their localities.

The Battle of Worcester in 1651 effectively ended the third civil war. There was little enthusiasm or local participation in the mostly Scottish Royalist army, whose defeat was widely welcomed. Nevertheless, Parliamentarian forces ransacked the city of Worcester, causing heavy damage, looting and destruction of property. Around 10,000 mostly Scottish prisoners were sent into forced labour in the New World or fen drainage schemes. The small bands of Scots that fled into Worcestershire's countryside were attacked by local forces and killed.

القرن التاسع عشر

المقالة الرئيسية: History of Worcestershire § Victorian and Edwardian Worcestershire: 1830-1914

In the 19th century, Worcester was a centre for the manufacture of gloves; the town of Kidderminster became a centre for carpet manufacture, and Redditch specialised in the manufacture of needles, springs and hooks. Droitwich Spa, situated on large deposits of salt, was a centre of salt production from Roman times, with one of the principal Roman roads running through the town. These old industries have since declined, to be replaced by other, more varied light industry. The county is also home to the world's oldest continually published newspaper, the Berrow's Journal, established in 1690. Malvern was one of the centres of the 19th-century rise in English spa towns due to Malvern water being believed to be very pure, containing "nothing at all".[20]

الديمغرافيا

انظر أيضاً: List of settlements in Worcestershire by population

The 2011 census found the population of Worcestershire to be 566,169, an increase of 4.4% from the 2001 population of 542,107.

الأعراق

Though the total number of people in every ethnic group increased between 2001 and 2011, the White British share of Worcestershire's population decreased from 95.5% to 92.4%, as did the share of White ethnic groups as whole, which went from 97.5% to 95.7%. Worcestershire is still much more ethnically homogeneous than the national average. In 2011, 79.8% of the population of England identified as White British; much lower than Worcestershire's figure of 92.4%.[2]

Ethnic group 2001
التعداد		 2001
%		 2011
التعداد		 2011
%
White: British 517,747 95.5 522,922 92.4
White: Irish 4,163 0.8 3,480 0.6
White: Irish Traveller/Gypsy[note 2] 1,165 0.2
White: Other 6,869 1.27 14,491 2.6
White: Total 528,779 97.5 542,058

95.7

Asian or Asian British: Indian 1,640 0.3 3,634 0.6
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani 2,917 0.5 4,984 0.9
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi 970 0.2 1,316 0.2
Asian or Asian British: Chinese 1,106 0.2 1,601 0.3
Asian or Asian British: Asian Other 455 0.1 2,206 0.4
Asian or Asian British: Total 7,088 1.3 13,741 2.4
Black or Black British: Caribbean 1,153 0.2 1,275 0.2
Black or Black British: African 332 0.1 767 0.1
Black or Black British: Other 153 0.03 330 0.1
Black or Black British: Total 1,638 0.3 2,372

0.4

Mixed: White and Caribbean 1,704 0.3 3,150 0.6
Mixed: White and African 221 0.04 592 0.1
Mixed: White and Asian Other 1,099 0.2 2,053 0.4
Mixed: Other Mixed 771 0.1 1,250 0.2
British Mixed: Total 3,795 0.7 7,045

1.2

Other: Arab[note 3] 236 0.04
Other: Any other ethnic group 807 0.1 717 0.1
Other: Total 807 0.1 953

0.2

Total 542,107 100 566,169

100


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الحكم المحلي

المقالة الرئيسية: Evolution of Worcestershire county boundaries

Local government in Worcestershire has changed several times since the middle of the 19th century.

1844–1911

Halesowen was an exclave of neighbouring Shropshire until 1844 when it was reincorporated into Worcestershire. It is now within the metropolitan county of the West Midlands.

Worcestershire contained numerous exclaves, which were areas of land cut off from the main geographical area of Worcestershire and completely surrounded by the nearby counties of Warwickshire, Staffordshire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Oxfordshire. The most notable islands were Dudley,[21] Evenlode,[22] Blockley[23] and the area around Shipston-on-Stour.[24] Herefordshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire and Shropshire had their own exclaves within the main part of Worcestershire at Rochford,[25] Broome,[26] Clent,[27] Tardebigge (Tutnall and Cobley)[28] and Halesowen respectively. Tardebigge's history outside the county is even more colourful, changing hands from Worcestershire to Staffordshire and Warwickshire, before returning to Worcestershire at differing times over the centuries.[29] The southern boundary of the county was also complex, with parish boundaries penetrating deep into Gloucestershire and vice versa.

Worcestershire County Council came into existence following the Local Government Act 1888 and covered the historic traditional county,[30] except for two designated county boroughs at Dudley and Worcester.[31]

Birmingham's continuous expansion has been a major cause of Worcestershire's fluid boundary changes and associated housing issues.[32] The district of Balsall Heath, which had originally constituted the most northerly part of the parish of King's Norton, was the first area of the county to be added to the County Borough of Birmingham, on 1 October 1891. This was followed by Quinton Urban District, which was ceded to Birmingham in November 1909, and then by the Rural District of Yardley and the greater part of the Urban District of King's Norton and Northfield, which were absorbed into Birmingham under the Greater Birmingham Scheme on 9 November 1911.[33] Thus these areas were transferred from Worcestershire to Warwickshire. Dudley's historical status within the Diocese of Worcester and through its aristocratic links ensured that the exclave was governed on a largely autonomous basis.[34][35][11][36] Worcester was designated a county corporate, and thus became separate from the rest of Worcestershire.[37]

تغييرات الحدود 1926

In 1926, Dudley County Borough council purchased several square miles of land to the north of the town centre, mostly in Sedgley (Staffordshire), including Dudley Castle. This was to build the Priory Estate, a large new council estate on which construction began in 1929. The boundaries of Worcestershire were altered to include all of the proposed new housing estate in Dudley.[38]

1966–1974

During the Local Government reorganisation of April 1966, Dudley expanded beyond its historical boundaries and took in the bulk of Sedgley,[39] Brierley Hill and the south of Coseley as well as a small section of Amblecote.[40] The Local Government Act redefined its status and the County Borough of Dudley became part of Staffordshire, the county of which all of these areas had been part. At the same time, Worcestershire gained a new county borough named Warley, which was an amalgamation of Oldbury Urban District, Rowley Regis Urban District, the County Borough of Smethwick and parts of Dudley and Tipton.[41][42] During this reorganisation, the area of the administrative county grew only where Stourbridge took in the majority of Amblecote Urban District[43] from Staffordshire and the designation of Redditch in 1964 as a New Town. This in turn saw expansion into the area in and around the villages of Ipsley and Matchborough in Warwickshire. The Redditch New Town designation coincided with a considerable programme of social and private house building in Droitwich, Worcester, Bromsgrove, Kidderminster and along the Birmingham boundary at Frankley, Rubery and Rednal.[44] Frankley parish was later split into two: New Frankley and the area around Bartley Reservoir transferred from Bromsgrove District to Birmingham in April 1995; but the small village of Frankley remained in Worcestershire and became a new civil parish under the same name.

1974–1998

Broadway Tower, one of several Worcestershire follies

From 1974, the central and southern parts of the county were amalgamated with Herefordshire and with Worcester County Borough to form a single non-metropolitan county of Hereford and Worcester.[45] The County Boroughs of Dudley and Warley, along with Stourbridge and Halesowen, were incorporated into the new West Midlands Metropolitan county.[46][47] The West Midlands County Council existed for only a few years before abolition in April 1986, although the West Midlands still exists as a ceremonial county.[48]

1998–الحاضر

In the 1990s UK local government reform, the county of Hereford & Worcester was abolished, and the non-metropolitan county or shire county of Worcestershire regained its historic border with Herefordshire.[49] The recreated County of Worcestershire came into existence on 1 April 1998 as an administrative and ceremonial county, although this excluded the Black Country towns of Dudley, Halesowen, Oldbury and Stourbridge (which remained part of the West Midlands).[50] Worcestershire County Council was reformed, although some services are shared with the newly formed Herefordshire Council,[51] including waste management and the youth offending service.

The former Hereford and Worcester districts of Redditch, Worcester, Bromsgrove, Wychavon and Wyre Forest were retained with little or no change. However the Leominster and Malvern Hills districts straddled the historic border, so a new Malvern Hills district was constituted which straddled the pre-April 1974 county boundary to the west, south-west and north-west. The remaining parts of the former Hereford and Worcester district of Leominster, returned to Herefordshire.

انظر أيضاً: List of Worcestershire boundary changes

ملخص التغيرات الرئيسية

These settlements were historically part of the county as noted above, that now fall under the counties of Warwickshire and West Midlands.

Warwickshire
West Midlands (County)

الجغرافيا الطبيعية

Summit of the Worcestershire Beacon in the Malvern Hills, the county's highest point

The Malvern Hills, which run from the south of the county into Herefordshire, are made up mainly of volcanic igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, some of which date from more than 1,200 million years ago. They are designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The Worcestershire Beacon, which at 425 metres (1,394 ft) is the highest point in the county, lies in this range.[52][53]

The rest of the county consists of undulating hills and farmland stretching either side of the Severn valley. The Severn is the United Kingdom's longest river and flows through Bewdley, Stourport-on-Severn and Worcester.[54] The River Avon flows through the Worcestershire town on Evesham and joins the Severn at Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire.

Several coniferous and deciduous woodlands are located in the north of the county. The Vale of Evesham runs through the south of the county and to its south are the Cotswolds AONB.[55]

Honeybourne railway station on the Cotswold Line and the potential Honeybourne Line


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الحزام الأخضر

للمزيد من المعلومات: الحزام الأخضر في وست مدلاندز

Worcestershire contains a broad expanse of green belt area, widening to over 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) in places. It is part of the larger belt surrounding the West Midlands county, and first drawn up from the 1950s. All of the county's districts other than Malvern Hills contain some portion of the belt.

الرياضة

New Road is the home of Worcestershire County Cricket Club, across the River Severn from Worcester Cathedral.

The largest and most successful football club in the county is Kidderminster Harriers. Founded in 1877 as a running club and doubling as a rugby club from 1880, the football club was founded in 1886. In 1987, the club won the FA Trophy for the first time, and seven years later reached the fifth round of the FA Cup, also winning the GM Vauxhall Conference title in 1994 but being denied Football League status as their Aggborough Stadium did not meet capacity requirements. However, when the club next won the Conference title six years later, their stadium had been upgraded and promotion was granted, giving the county its first (and thus far only) Football League members. However, the club's Football League membership was short-lived, as Harriers were relegated back to the Conference in 2005 after just five years in the Football League, and have yet to reclaim their status.[56]

The most notable success story to come out of the county in recent times has been the talented football player and the man dubbed 'The Wonder from Worcestershire', Danny Ings who currently applies his trade at Southampton in the premier league.

The county is also represented by Alvechurch, Bromsgrove Sporting and Redditch United of the Southern Premier League, and Worcester City of the Midland Football League.

The county is home to Worcestershire County Cricket Club, traditionally first stop on for the touring national side's schedule in England.[57] Formed officially in 1865, the Club initially played in Boughton Park, before moving to its current New Road ground, which today can host 5,500 spectators, in 1895. The club has won five County Championships in its history, most recently in 1989.[58]

Worcester Rugby Football Club, the Worcester Warriors, are the county's largest and most successful Rugby Union team, having been promoted to the Premiership in 2004. The Warriors were relegated to the RFU Championship in 2010 but rebounded back to the Premiership in 2011. Worcester Warriors play at the Sixways Stadium on the outskirts of Worcester, holding over 12,000 spectators, thus making it the largest stadium in the county. Sixways has hosted the final of the LV Cup on three occasions.[59]

الثقافة

Classical composer Sir Edward Elgar was born in this house in Broadheath, Worcestershire, currently used as the Elgar Birthplace Museum.

The village of Broadheath, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the city of Worcester, is the birthplace of the composer Edward Elgar.

It is claimed that the county was the inspiration for the Shire, a region of J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional Middle-earth, described in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien was thought to have named Bilbo Baggins' house "Bag End" after his Aunt Jane's Worcestershire farm. Tolkien wrote of Worcestershire, "Any corner of that county (however fair or squalid) is in an indefinable way 'home' to me, as no other part of the world is."[60]

Worcestershire is one of the three counties associated with the Border Morris style of English folk dancing. Worcestershire Monkey is a popular Border Morris dance; although normally performed as a group of eight, it is sometimes danced en masse with multiple Border Morris sides performing the dance together.[61]

Worcestershire appeared as one of the main settings in the DreamWorks Animation animated film Shrek the Third. The director Chris Miller said they chose Worcestershire because it is always being mispronounced. "It just made us laugh. Plus we love the sauce, it's hugely popular in the States." The film make multiple references to the real Worcestershire in the film, even commenting on the famous Worcestershire Sauce.[62]

الإعلام

Masts at the Droitwich transmitting station
The Worcester offices of BBC Hereford & Worcester

Worcestershire has a long history in radio broadcasting. The county is home to the Droitwich Transmitting Station near Wychbold, currently broadcasting BBC Radio 5 Live and commercial radio services - Absolute Radio and TalkSport on Medium Wave/AM and BBC Radio 4 on Long Wave. The site is the location of the British Broadcasting Corporation's most powerful long-wave transmitter, which during World War II, coded messages read during normal programme broadcasts, were received by the French Resistance.[63][64] Lying close to the county's north western border is the Woofferton Transmitting Station,[65] which was used during the Cold War to broadcast the Voice of America's Short Wave transmissions into the Eastern Bloc countries of Europe. These sets of transmitters are still in use today.

In 1939, the BBC bought the historic Wood Norton site near Evesham, and equipped the premises with a dozen temporary studios. These were to be used in the event of an evacuation of the BBC's operations in London and other urban areas. By 1940; Wood Norton was one of the largest broadcasting centres in Europe with an average output of 1,300 radio programmes a week.[66] The BBC monitoring service were also based at Wood Norton, where linguists, many of them foreign nationals, were hired to listen in to broadcasts from Europe until they were relocated to Caversham Park in early 1943. The move was made to release space at Wood Norton so that it could become the BBC's main broadcasting centre, should London have to be evacuated because of the threat from Nazi Germany's V-weapons. The site was also prepared for use during the Cold War, as an emergency broadcast centre.[67] The site is still in use for the BBC's engineering and technical training.

الإذاعة المحلية والإقليمية

BBC Hereford & Worcester and Free Radio (formerly Wyvern FM) broadcast to both Herefordshire and Worcestershire on analogue and digital radio platforms,[68][69] whilst Greatest Hits Radio (formerly known as Signal 107) broadcasts to Kidderminster, Stourport-on-Severn, Bewdley and Droitwich.[70] A community radio station - Youthcomm Radio, is licensed to serve the Worcester area.[71] Meanwhile, Capital Mid-Counties (formerly known as Touch FM), Sunshine Radio and Like Radio, broadcast to the county on VHF/FM and/or DAB Digital Radio.[72][73] Historically; West Midlands-based radio stations such as BBC Radio WM, BRMB and Beacon Radio have considered parts of Worcestershire as their broadcast areas.[74] However Wyvern FM, Beacon Radio, BRMB along with Mercia FM are now known collectively as 'Free Radio' and under the same Bauer Radio ownership.[75] Other regional stations, such as Heart and Smooth Radio also cover the county.

In 2007 the Office of Communications (Ofcom) awarded a DAB Digital Radio multiplex licence for Herefordshire & Worcestershire to MuxCo Ltd.[76] MuxCo proposed new stations and a digital radio platform for Wyvern FM, Sunshine Radio and BBC Hereford & Worcester, who were initially licensed to broadcast on VHF/FM and/or AM. MuxCo eventually launched in December 2013 following changes in legislation through the Digital Economy Act 2010,[77] and utilises existing transmitter locations at Great Malvern, Ridge Hill and Bromsgrove.[78] The multiplex continues to uses the same transmission sites, albeit with an additional transmitter at Kidderminster[79] and broadcasts a combination of local and national services.[80] In 2008, MXR, who owned and operated the West Midlands regional DAB multiplex licence, improved coverage of DAB Digital Radio across other parts of the county to include Worcester and Malvern. This regional multiplex closed on 27 August 2013, partially replaced by CE Digital's Birmingham DAB Multiplex, who opened new transmitters at Lickey Hills and Headless Cross.[81] Ofcom has earmarked two potential 'Small Scale DAB' digital radio multiplexes within Worcestershire[82] - one at Worcester, and the other within Bromsgrove, Kidderminster and Redditch.[83] The legal framework for the potential new multiplexes come under 'The Small-Scale Radio Multiplex and Community Digital Radio Order 2019'.[84][85]

الاقتصاد

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Worcestershire at current basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

Year Regional Gross Value Added[86] Agriculture[87] Industry[88] Services[89]
1995 5,047 225 1,623 3,200
2000 6,679 159 2,002 4,518
2003 7,514 182 1,952 5,380

الصناعة والزراعة

Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce - the invention of two Worcester chemists

Fruit farming and the cultivation of hops were traditional agricultural activities in much of the county. During the latter half of the 20th century, this has largely declined with the exception southern area of the county around the Vale of Evesham, where orchards are still worked on a commercial scale.[بحاجة لمصدر] Worcester City's coat of arms includes three black pears, representing a now rare local pear variety, the Worcester Black Pear. The county's coat of arms follows this theme, having a pear tree with black pears. The apple variety known as Worcester Pearmain originates from Worcestershire, and the Pershore plum comes from the small Worcestershire town of that name, and is widely grown in that area.

Worcestershire is also famous for a number of its non-agricultural products. The original Worcestershire sauce, a savoury condiment made by Lea and Perrins, is made in Worcester, and the now-closed Royal Porcelain works was based in the city. The town of Malvern is the home of the Morgan traditional sports car.

التعليم

انظر أيضاً: List of schools in Worcestershire

Worcestershire has a comprehensive school system with over thirty-five independent schools including the RGS Worcester, The King's School, Worcester, Malvern St James and Malvern College. State schools in Worcester, the Wyre Forest District, and the Malvern Hills District are two-tier primary schools and secondary schools whilst Redditch and Bromsgrove have a three-tier system of first, middle and high schools. Several schools in the county provide Sixth-form education including two in the city of Worcester. Several vocational colleges provide GCSE and A-level courses and adult education, such as South Worcestershire College, and an agricultural campus of Warwickshire College in Pershore. There is also the University of Worcester, which is located in the city itself and is home to the National Pollen and Aerobiology Research Unit and five other national research centres.

البلدات والقرى

Due to its cathedral (pictured), the county town of Worcester is the only settlement in the county with city status.

The county town and only city is Worcester. The other major settlements are Kidderminster, Bromsgrove and Redditch. There are also several market towns: Malvern, Bewdley, Evesham, Droitwich Spa, Pershore, Tenbury Wells, Stourport-on-Severn and Upton-upon-Severn. The village of Hartlebury housed the Bishop of Worcester from the 13th century until 2007.

لمعلومات عن a full list of settlements، انظر list of places in Worcestershire.
انظر أيضاً: List of settlements in Worcestershire by population

المعالم

المفتاح
AP Icon.svg كنيسة/كاتدرائية
منطقة مفتوحة للمعاقين منطقة مفتوحة للمعاقين
Themepark uk icon.png منتزه ترفيهي/حديقة ملاهي
CL icon.svg قلعة
Country Park منتزه المقاطعة
EH icon.svg تراث إنگليزي
Forestry commission logo.svg هيئة الغابات
سكك حديدية تراثية سكك حديدية تراثية
بيت تريخي بيت تاريخي
Museum (free)
Museum		 متحف (مجاني/غير مجاني)
صندوق وطني صندوق وطني
Drama-icon.svg مسرح
Zoo icon.jpg حديقة حيوان

الجماعات المحلية

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

ملاحظات

  1. ^ Simon de Montfort had previously been engaged in a campaign of persecution of Jewish communities in Leicester.
  2. ^ In 2001 part of the White Other category. New category created for the 2011 census
  3. ^ In 2001 part of the 'Other' category. New category created for the 2011 census

الهامش

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  86. ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
  87. ^ includes hunting and forestry
  88. ^ includes energy and construction
  89. ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured

المصادر

وصلات خارجية

قالب:EB9 Poster

قالب:Worcestershire

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