مانات تركمانستاني

مانات تركمانستاني
مانات تركمانستاني
	500 manat banknote of the first manat.
ISO 4217
الكود	TMM
الفئات
الأوراق النقدية	1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 manats
العملات	1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tenge, 500 and 1,000 manats
الديمغرافيا
المستخدم(ون)	Turkmenistan
القيمة
التضخم	992.39%
المصدر	Statista, 1996 est.

مانات تركمانستاني
مانات تركمانستاني
	100 manat banknote
ISO 4217
الكود	TMT
الفئات
الوحدات الفرعية
1⁄100	tenge
الجمع	The language(s) of this currency does not have a morphological plural distinction.
الرمز	m
tenge	t
الأوراق النقدية
شائع الاستخدام	1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 manats
نادر الاستخدام	500 manats
العملات
شائع الاستخدام	1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 tenge, 1, 2 manats
الديمغرافيا
المستخدم(ون)	Turkmenistan
الإصدار
البنك المركزي	Central Bank of Turkmenistan
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.cbt.tm
الطباعة	De La Rue
الموقع الإلكتروني	De La Rue
مصلحة صك العملة	Royal Mint
الموقع الإلكتروني	The Royal Mint
القيمة
التضخم	8.5%
المصدر	The World Factbook, 2012 est.
مربوط بـ	US dollar (USD) ; US$1 = 3.50 manats

مانات التركمانستاني manat (تركمانية: manat; abbreviation: m; code: TMT) هي العملة الرسمية في تركمانستان. وطرح المانات بشكل رسمي في 1 نوفمبر 1993، ليحل محل الروبل بمعدل 1 مانات = لكل 500 روبل.^[1]^{[المصدر لا يؤكد ذلك]} المانات يُقسم إلى 100 تينگ (تركمانية: teňňe). وجرى تقديم المانات الرسمي في 1 نوفمبر 1993، ليحل محل الروبل بمعدل 1 روبل لكل مانات^[2]

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التسمية

كلمة "مانات" مشتقة من الكلمة الفارسية منات والكلمة الروسية монета ("moneta") والتي تعني "عملة معدنية"، وكلاهما مشتق من لاتينية Monēta.^[3] واستخدم كأسم للعملة السوفيتية في التركمانية (تركمانية: манат) وفي التركية الأذربيجانية.

العملات المعدنية

في عام 1993، تم طرح العملات المعدنية بفئات 1 و5 و10 و20 و50 تينگ. وصكت القطع 1 و5 و10 من الفولاذ المطلي بالنحاس، وكانت الفئات الأعلى من الفولاذ المطلي بالنيكل. لكن لم تدم هذه السلسلة الأولى من العملات المعدنية طويلاً، حيث سرعان ما أصبحت قيمتها المعدنية أكثر من قيمتها الاسمية الفعلية. وبعد فترة من التضخم المرتفع، تم إدخال عملات معدنية جديدة من 500 و1000 مانات في عام 1999. وكان على جميع العملات المعدنية في هذه الفترة أن تصور الرئيس الحالي بموجب القانون.

Coins of the Turkmenistan manat (First manat)
Image		Value	Diameter (millimeters)	Composition	Description		Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Diameter (millimeters)	Composition	Obverse	Reverse	Date of issue
		1 tenge	16 mm	Copper-plated steel	Saparmurat Niyazov	Value in center of flower-like design within circle	1993
		5 tenge	19.5 mm
		10 tenge	22.5 mm
		20 tenge	20.9 mm	Nickel-plated steel	Saparmurat Niyazov	Value in center of flower-like design within circle	1993
		50 tenge	24 mm	Nickel-plated steel		Value above Cornucopia with a goat head	1993
		500 manats	20.9 mm	Nickel-clad steel		Denomination, date below	1999
		1,000 manats	24 mm	Nickel-clad steel		Denomination, date below	1999
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

During the monetary reform of 2009, new coins of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tenge were issued with bimetallic 1 and 2 manats following in 2010. The 1, 2, and 5 tenge are nickel-plated steel while the 10, 20, and 50 tenge are struck in brass. Instead of depicting the current head of state the coins feature a map of Turkmenistan with the Independence Tower superimposed in front of it. All circulating coins of Turkmenistan are struck by the Royal Mint.

Coins of the Turkmenistan manat (Second manat)
Image		Value	Diameter (millimeters)	Composition	Description		Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Diameter (millimeters)	Composition	Obverse	Reverse	Date of issue
		1 tenge	16 mm	Nickel-plated steel	Monument of Independence superimposed on the map of Turkmenistan, the name of the national anthem.	Denomination and date	2009
		2 tenge	18 mm
		5 tenge	20 mm
		10 tenge	22 mm	Brass
		20 tenge	24 mm
		50 tenge	26 mm
		1 manat	27 mm	Bimetallic: copper-nickel center in brass ring			2010
		2 manats	28 mm	Bimetallic: brass center in copper-nickel ring			2010
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

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Banknotes

First manat (TMM, 1993—2009)

In 1993, manat notes were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 500 manats, replacing the Soviet rouble. These were followed by notes for 1,000 manats in 1995 and 5,000 and 10,000 manats in 1996. In 2005, a new series of notes was introduced in denominations of 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 manats. All notes, with exception of the 1 and 5 manat banknotes bear a portrait of former president Saparmurat Niyazov. All Turkmen banknotes are produced by the De La Rue printing and banknote company.

Banknotes of the Turkmenistan manat (First manat)
Image		Value	Dimensions (millimeters)	Main Color	Description		Date of issue	Date of first issue	Watermark
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions (millimeters)	Main Color	Obverse	Reverse	Date of issue	Date of first issue	Watermark
[1]	[2]	1 manat	120 x 60 mm	Orange and red	Ylymlar academy, Aşğabat	Ilarslanyn Yadygarligi mausoleum	1993
[3]	[4]	5 manats	125 x 62.5 mm	Blue	Bazcylyk Okuw Polytechnic Institute, Aşğabat	Abu Seyidiñ mausoleum	1993
[5]	[6]	10 manats	133 x 66 mm	Brown	Turkmenistan Relationship building (Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov (1940–2006)	Tekesiñ mausoleum	1993
[7]	[8]	20 manats	139 x 69 mm	Blue and white	National library (Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov	Astanababa mausoleum	1993 1995
[9]	[10]	50 manats	144 x 72 mm	Orange and brown	Soviet Honor monument, President Saparmurat Niyazov	Anew mosque	1993 1995
[11]	[12]	100 manats	150 x 75 mm	Blue and orange	Prezident Köşgi (President's Palace, Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov	Sultan Sanjariń mausoleum	1993 1995
[13]	[14]	500 manats	156 x 78 mm	Red and violet	National theatre (Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov	Törebeg Hanymyń mausoleum	1993 1995
[15]	[16]	1,000 manats	156 x 78 mm	Green and red	Prezident Köşgi (President's Palace, Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov	National emblem of Turkmenistan	1995
[17]	[18]	5,000 manats	156 x 78 mm	Violet	Prezident Köşgi (President's Palace, Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov	National emblem of Turkmenistan	1996
[19]	[20]	10,000 manats	156 x 78 mm	Blue and brown	Prezident Köşgi (President's Palace, Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov	National emblem of Turkmenistan	1996 1999 2000
[21]	[22]				Türkmenbaşi Köşgi (Turkmenbashi's Palace, Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov	Saparmurat Haji mosque	1998 1999
[23]	[24]					Neutrality Monument, Ruhyýet Palace, Aşğabat	2000
[25]	[26]			Light brown		Monument of Independence and Peace, Aşğabat	2003 2005

First manat (second issue)

In 2005, a new series of manat banknotes was introduced. They had originally been intended to replace the first manat at a fixed rate, with 1 equal to 1,000 of the first manat, but the revaluation was postponed and this issue was released to circulate with previous manat issues. The series of notes was introduced in denominations of 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 manats. Two new coins were also introduced in only two denominations, 500 and 1,000 manats. Both the first and second issue manat banknotes circulated in tandem until the issue of the redenominated issue in 2009.

Banknotes of the first manat, second issue
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main colour		Description			Date of			Ref.
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main colour		Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	printing	issue	withdrawal	Ref.
		50 manat	144 × 72 mm		Purple	Emblem of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov	Yanardag, Ashgabat Hippodrome	Saparmurat Niyazov and his signature	2005	c. 2005	31 December 2010	^[4]
		100 manat	150 × 75 mm		Red	Emblem of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov	Central Bank building, Ashgabat	Saparmurat Niyazov and his signature	2005	c. 2005	31 December 2010	^[4]
		500 manat	156 × 78 mm		Brown	Emblem of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov	Turkmen jewellery	Saparmurat Niyazov and his signature	2005	c. 2005	31 December 2010	^[4]
		1,000 manat	156 × 78 mm		Green	Emblem of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov	Oguzhan Presidential Palace, Ashgabat	Saparmurat Niyazov and his signature	2005	c. 2005	31 December 2010	^[4]
		5,000 manat	156 × 78 mm		Blue	Emblem of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov	Oguzhan Presidential Palace, Ashgabat	Saparmurat Niyazov and his signature	2005	c. 2005	31 December 2010	^[4]
هذه الصور بمقياس 0.7 پكسل لكل millimeter. لمعايير الجدول، انظر جدول مواصفات الأوراق النقدية.

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Second manat

After hyperinflation significantly devalued the currency, a new manat with a fixed exchange rate was introduced, replacing the old manat on a ratio of 5,000 old manats = 1 new manat. Banknotes in this series were printed in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 500 manats. As part of an effort by the Turkmen government to dismantle Niyazov's extensive cult of personality and help politically disambiguate the current rule, only the highest valued banknote, 500 manats, bears a portrait of the former leader. The 500 manat note has yet to be released into circulation. The other denominations feature images of buildings in Ashgabat or technological achievements (TurkmenSat 1) and portraits of Ahmed Sanjar, Oghuz Khan, Magtymguly Pyragy and other figures in Turkmen history.^[5]

Banknotes of the second manat
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main colour		Description			Date of			Ref.
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main colour		Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	printing	issue	withdrawal	Ref.
		1 manat	120 × 60 mm		Green and orange	Emblem of Turkmenistan, Togrul Beg Türkmen	Turkmenistan Cultural Centre, Ashgabat	Togrul Beg Türkmen, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination	2009 2012 2014	1 January 2009	Current	^[6]^[7]^[8]
						Same as above, with the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games logo	Ashgabat International Airport, TurkmenSat 1		2017	17 September 2017		^[9]
						Same as above, with the 25th anniversary of neutrality logo	Turkmenbashi International Seaport, TurkmenSat 1		2020	12 December 2020		^[10]
		5 manat	126 × 63 mm		Brown	Emblem of Turkmenistan, Soltan Sanjar Türkmen	Independence and Neutrality Monuments, Ashgabat	Soltan Sanjar Türkmen, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination	2009 2012	1 January 2009	Current	^[6]^[7]
						Same as above, with the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games logo	Ashgabat Velodrome		2017	17 September 2017		^[9]
						Same as above, with the 25th anniversary of neutrality logo	Independence and Neutrality Monuments, Ashgabat		2020	12 December 2020		^[10]
		10 manat	132 × 66 mm		Red	Emblem of Turkmenistan, Magtymguly Pyragy	Central Bank building, Ashgabat	Magtymguly Pyragy, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination	2009 2012	1 January 2009	Current	^[6]^[7]
						Same as above, with the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games logo	Martial Arts Arena, Ashgabat		2017	17 September 2017		^[9]
						Same as above, with the 25th anniversary of neutrality logo	Central Bank building, Ashgabat		2020	12 December 2020		^[10]
		20 manat	138 × 69 mm		Purple	Emblem of Turkmenistan, Görogly Beg Türkmen	Rukhyet Palace, Ashgabat	Görogly Beg Türkmen, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination	2009 2012	1 January 2009	Current	^[6]^[7]
						Same as above, with the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games logo	Main Indoor Arena, Ashgabat		2017	17 September 2017		^[9]
						Same as above, with the 25th anniversary of neutrality logo	Rukhyet Palace, Ashgabat		2020	12 December 2020		^[10]
		50 manat	144 × 72 mm		Green	Emblem of Turkmenistan, Gorgut Ata Türkmen	Assembly of Turkmenistan building, Ashgabat	Gorgut Ata Türkmen, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination	2009 2014	1 January 2009	Current	^[6]^[8]
						Same as above, with the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games logo	Indoor Athletics Arena, Ashgabat		2017	17 September 2017		^[9]
						Same as above, with the 25th anniversary of neutrality logo	Assembly of Turkmenistan building, Ashgabat		2020	12 December 2020		^[10]
		100 manat	150 × 75 mm		Blue	Emblem of Turkmenistan, Oguz Khan Türkmen	Oguzhan Presidential Palace, Ashgabat	Oguz Khan Türkmen, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination	2009 2014	1 January 2009	Current	^[6]^[8]
						Same as above, with the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games logo	Olympic Stadium, Ashgabat		2017	17 September 2017		^[9]
						Same as above, with the 25th anniversary of neutrality logo	Oguzhan Presidential Palace, Ashgabat		2020	12 December 2020		^[10]
		500 manat	156 × 78 mm		Orange	Emblem of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov	Türkmenbaşy Ruhy Mosque, Gypjak	Saparmurat Niyazov, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination	2009	Never issued		^[11]
هذه الصور بمقياس 0.7 پكسل لكل millimeter. لمعايير الجدول، انظر جدول مواصفات الأوراق النقدية.

Exchange rates

Before Apr 2009: US$1 = 1.04 manat
Apr 2009 - Jan 2015: US$1 = 2.85 manats
Jan 2015 onwards: US$1 = 3.5 manats

A black market for exchange rate exists as cash exchanges are forbidden by law in Turkmenistan. The parallel exchange rate varied between 40–41m per U.S. dollar اعتبارا من 10 أبريل 2021 (2021-04-10)^[تحديث].^[12]

سعر الصرف TMT الحالي
من Google Finance:	AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB
من Yahoo! Finance:	AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB
من XE.com:	AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB
من OANDA:	AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB

Notes

^ Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Turkmenistan". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com.
^ "Turkmenistan's 5000 manat to equal 1 manat after denomination". 2008-09-06.
^ "Definition of Manat". Dictionary by Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج "Banknotes of 2005". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
^ Манаты без Туркменбаши, Аскар Турсунбаев, Гундогар (in روسية)
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح "Banknotes of 2009". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث "Modified banknotes of 2012". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت "Modified banknotes of 2014". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح "Modified banknotes of 2017". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح "Modified banknotes of 2020". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
^ Linzmayer, Owen (9 January 2009). "Turkmenistan new note family confirmed". BanknoteNews (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Virginia Beach. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
^ "Currency Collapse Mirrors Turkmenistan's Extreme Economic Woes". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-04-06.

References

Krause, Chester L. and Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801-1991 (18th ed. ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-150-1. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues, Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors), 7th ed., Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.

External links

New currency samples - images of the new 2009 Manat
قالب:CISCoins

First manat

سبقه: Russian rouble السبب: independence from the USSR سعر الصرف: 1 first manat = 500 roubles	عملة Turkmenistan 1 November 1993 – 31 December 2008	تبعه: Second manat السبب: inflation النسبة: 1 second manat = 5,000 first manats

Second manat

سبقه: First manat السبب: inflation سعر الصرف: 1 second manat = 5,000 first manats	عملة Turkmenistan 1 January 2009 –	تبعه: الحالية

[1] Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Turkmenistan". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com.

[2] "Turkmenistan's 5000 manat to equal 1 manat after denomination". 2008-09-06.

[3] "Definition of Manat". Dictionary by Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 19 March 2018.

[tmb-banknotes-2005-4] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج "Banknotes of 2005". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.

[5] Манаты без Туркменбаши, Аскар Турсунбаев, Гундогар (in روسية)

[tmb-banknotes-2009-6] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح "Banknotes of 2009". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.

[tmb-banknotes-2012-7] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث "Modified banknotes of 2012". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.

[tmb-banknotes-2014-8] أ ^ب ^ت "Modified banknotes of 2014". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.

[tmb-banknotes-2017-9] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح "Modified banknotes of 2017". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.

[tmb-banknotes-2020-10] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح "Modified banknotes of 2020". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.

[bn-20090109-11] Linzmayer, Owen (9 January 2009). "Turkmenistan new note family confirmed". BanknoteNews (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Virginia Beach. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2022.

[12] "Currency Collapse Mirrors Turkmenistan's Extreme Economic Woes". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-04-06.

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التسمية

العملات المعدنية

Banknotes

First manat (TMM, 1993—2009)

First manat (second issue)

Second manat

Exchange rates

See also

Notes

References

External links