نوناڤوت

Coordinates: 73°N 91°W / 73°N 91°W / 73; -91 (Nunavut)
(تم التحويل من Nunavut)
لمعلومات عن الدائرة الانتخابية الكندية، انظر نوناڤوت (دائرة انتخابية).
لمعلومات عن the Canadian federal electoral district، انظر Nunavut (electoral district).
Nunavut
ᓄᓇᕗᑦ (إينوكتيتوت)
Territory
علم Nunavut
Flag
درع Nunavut
Coat of arms
الشعار: 
ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓴᙱᓂᕗᑦ (Nunavut Sannginivut)
"Our land, our strength"
"Notre terre, notre force"
الإحداثيات: 70°10′00″N 90°44′00″W / 70.16667°N 90.73333°W / 70.16667; -90.73333
البلدكندا
Confederation1 أبريل 1999; منذ 25 سنة (1999-04-01 (13th)
العاصمةIqaluit
Largest cityIqaluit
الحكومة
 • CommissionerRebekah Williams
 • PremierJoe Savikataaq (consensus government)
LegislatureLegislative Assembly of Nunavut
التمثيل الاتحاديParliament of Canada
المقاعد بمجلس العموم1 of 338 (0.3%)
المقاعد بمجلس الشيوخ1 of 105 (1%)
المساحة
[1]
 • الإجمالي2٬038٬722 كم² (787٬155 ميل²)
 • البر1٬877٬787 كم² (725٬018 ميل²)
 • الماء160٬935 كم² (62٬137 ميل²)  7.9%
ترتيب المساحةRanked 1st
 20.4% of Canada
التعداد
 (2016)
 • الإجمالي35٬944 [1]
 • Estimate 
(2020 Q4)
39٬285 [2]
 • الترتيبRanked 12th
 • الكثافة0٫02/km2 (0٫05/sq mi)
صفة المواطنNunavummiut
Nunavummiuq (sing.)[3]
Official languagesEnglish, French
Inuit languages (Inuktitut
and Inuinnaqtun)[4]
GDP
 • Rank12th
 • Total (2017)C$2.846 billion[5]
 • Per capitaC$58,452 (6th)
HDI
 • HDI (2018)0.908[6] — Very high (5th)
منطقة التوقيتUTC-07:00 (Mountain Time)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC-06:00
UTC-06:00 (Central Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-05:00
Southampton Island (Coral Harbour)UTC-05:00 (Eastern Time)
UTC-05:00 (Eastern Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-04:00
Postal abbr.
NU
Postal code prefix
X
ISO 3166 codeCA-NU
FlowerPurple Saxifrage[7]
Treen/a
BirdRock Ptarmigan[8]
Rankings include all provinces and territories
هذه المقالة تحتوي Canadian Aboriginal syllabic characters. بدون دعم إظهار مناسب، فقد تشاهد علامات استفهام أو مربعات أو رموز أخرى بدلاً من syllabics.

نوناڤوت Nunavut /ˈnuːnəvʊt/ (from Inuktitut: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ أص‌د: [ˈnunavut]) يقع في الشمال الشرقي لكندا في جزيرة بافين, عاصمته كاليوت, مساحته مليونا كيلو متر مربع، ومع ذلك فسكانه 29.300 نسمة فقط، ينتشرون في 28 تجمعًا سكانيًّا مبعثرًا. بعد وقوع عدت اشتباكات سنة 1996 بين الجيش الكندي والإنويت, سكان المنطقة الاصليين, تقرر إعطاء المنطقة أكثر استقلالية فعليا سنة 1999.

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الجغرافيا

المناخ

Köppen climate types in Nunavut

Nunavut experiences a polar climate in most regions, owing to its high latitude and lower continental summertime influence than areas to the west. In more southerly continental areas, very cold subarctic climates can be found, due to July being slightly milder than the required 10 °C (50 °F).

Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in Nunavut
City July (°C) July (°F) January (°C) January (°F)
High Low High Low High Low High Low
Alert[9] 6 1 43 33 −29 −36 −20 −33
Baker Lake[10] 17 6 63 43 −28 −35 −18 −31
Cambridge Bay[11] 13 5 55 41 −29 −35 −19 −32
Eureka[12] 9 3 49 37 −33 −40 −27 −40
Iqaluit[13] 12 4 54 39 −23 −31 −9 −24
Kugluktuk[14] 16 6 60 43 −23 −31 −10 −25
Rankin Inlet[15] 15 6 59 43 −27 −34 −17 −30
Climate data for Iqaluit (Iqaluit Airport)
WMO ID: 71909; coordinates 63°45′N 68°33′W / 63.750°N 68.550°W / 63.750; -68.550 (Iqaluit Airport); elevation: 33.5 m (110 ft); 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1946–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high humidex 3.3 5.2 4.3 5.1 13.3 21.7 27.8 27.6 18.8 8.6 4.8 3.4 27.8
Record high °C (°F) 3.9
(39.0) 		5.7
(42.3) 		4.2
(39.6) 		7.2
(45.0) 		13.3
(55.9) 		22.7
(72.9) 		26.7
(80.1) 		25.5
(77.9) 		18.3
(64.9) 		9.1
(48.4) 		5.6
(42.1) 		3.7
(38.7) 		26.7
(80.1)
Mean maximum °C (°F) −8.1
(17.4) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		0.8
(33.4) 		5.9
(42.6) 		14.4
(57.9) 		21.3
(70.3) 		18.2
(64.8) 		11.6
(52.9) 		4.9
(40.8) 		0.9
(33.6) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		21.8
(71.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −22.8
(−9.0) 		−23.3
(−9.9) 		−18.3
(−0.9) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		6.8
(44.2) 		12.3
(54.1) 		10.5
(50.9) 		5.2
(41.4) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		−8.3
(17.1) 		−17.0
(1.4) 		−5.6
(21.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −26.9
(−16.4) 		−27.5
(−17.5) 		−23.2
(−9.8) 		−14.2
(6.4) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		3.6
(38.5) 		8.2
(46.8) 		7.1
(44.8) 		2.6
(36.7) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−12.0
(10.4) 		−21.3
(−6.3) 		−9.3
(15.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −30.9
(−23.6) 		−31.7
(−25.1) 		−28.1
(−18.6) 		−18.9
(−2.0) 		−7.6
(18.3) 		0.5
(32.9) 		4.1
(39.4) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−15.8
(3.6) 		−25.5
(−13.9) 		−13.1
(8.4)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −38.8
(−37.8) 		−40.5
(−40.9) 		−37.9
(−36.2) 		−29.4
(−20.9) 		−17.0
(1.4) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		1.0
(33.8) 		0.4
(32.7) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−16.1
(3.0) 		−26.2
(−15.2) 		−35.2
(−31.4) 		−41.6
(−42.9)
Record low °C (°F) −45.0
(−49.0) 		−45.6
(−50.1) 		−44.7
(−48.5) 		−34.2
(−29.6) 		−26.1
(−15.0) 		−10.2
(13.6) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−12.8
(9.0) 		−27.1
(−16.8) 		−36.2
(−33.2) 		−43.4
(−46.1) 		−45.6
(−50.1)
Record low wind chill −64 −66 −62 −53 −36 −19 −7 −9 −19 −43 −57 −60 −66
Average precipitation mm (inches) 19.7
(0.78) 		18.7
(0.74) 		18.7
(0.74) 		27.5
(1.08) 		29.2
(1.15) 		33.0
(1.30) 		51.9
(2.04) 		69.5
(2.74) 		55.2
(2.17) 		33.3
(1.31) 		27.2
(1.07) 		19.9
(0.78) 		403.7
(15.89)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.01) 		3.1
(0.12) 		23.8
(0.94) 		51.9
(2.04) 		68.6
(2.70) 		42.2
(1.66) 		6.8
(0.27) 		0.6
(0.02) 		0.0
(0.0) 		197.2
(7.76)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 21.7
(8.5) 		21.0
(8.3) 		21.6
(8.5) 		31.5
(12.4) 		27.6
(10.9) 		9.3
(3.7) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.9
(0.4) 		13.2
(5.2) 		29.4
(11.6) 		29.7
(11.7) 		23.4
(9.2) 		229.3
(90.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 11.4 11.1 11.8 13.1 12.0 10.9 12.5 15.3 15.0 14.0 13.2 12.2 152.2
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 1.4 7.4 12.7 16.7 10.6 2.2 0.3 0.0 51.6
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 12.2 11.6 12.7 13.4 12.0 3.9 0.1 0.5 7.2 13.7 13.8 12.3 113.5
Average relative humidity (%) 65.3 64.6 65.4 72.8 76.4 72.6 69.4 72.6 75.6 78.1 76.6 71.5 71.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 32.4 94.0 172.2 216.5 180.5 200.2 236.8 156.8 87.9 51.4 35.6 12.6 1٬476٫8
Percent possible sunshine 18.5 39.0 47.4 48.2 31.9 32.5 39.3 31.0 22.4 16.8 17.7 8.9 29.5
Average ultraviolet index 0 0 1 2 4 4 4 3 2 1 0 0 2
Source 1: Environment and Climate Change Canada[13][16][17][18][19][20][21] and Weather Atlas[22]
Source 2: Météo Climat[23][24]


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السكان

المقالة الرئيسية: Demographics of Nunavut
انظر أيضاً: List of municipalities in Nunavut

Visible minority and indigenous identity (2016):[25][26]

  Inuit (84.7%)
  European Canadian (11.6%)
  Visible minority (2.5%)
  First Nations (0.5%)
  Métis (0.5%)
  Other Indigenous responses (0.2%)

As of the 2016 Canada Census, the population of Nunavut was 35,944, a 12.7% increase from 2011.[1] In 2006, 24,640 people identified as Inuit (83.6% of the total population), 100 as First Nations (0.3%), 130 as Métis (0.4%) and 4,410 as non-aboriginal (15.0%).[27]

Ten largest communities
Municipality 2016 2011 2006 Growth 2011–16
Iqaluit 7,082 6,699 6,184 10.3%
Rankin Inlet 2,441 1,905 1,528 28.1%
Arviat 2,318 2,060 12.5%
Baker Lake 1,872 1,728 8.3%
Cambridge Bay 1,619 1,452 1,377 11.5%
Pond Inlet 1,549 1,315 17.8%
Igloolik 1,454 1,538 −5.5%
Kugluktuk 1,450 1,302 11.4%
Pangnirtung 1,425 1,325 7.5%
Kinngait 1,441 1,363 1,236 5.7%

اللغة

Entrance sign to Igloolik Airport, with text in English, French, and Inuktitut[note 1]

Official languages are Inuit (Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun) sometimes called Inuktut,[28] English, and French.[4][29]

In his 2000 commissioned report (Aajiiqatigiingniq Language of Instruction Research Paper) to the Nunavut Department of Education, Ian Martin of York University said that a "long-term threat to Inuit languages from English is found everywhere, and current school language policies and practices on language are contributing to that threat" if Nunavut schools follow the Northwest Territories model. He provided a 20-year language plan to create a "fully functional bilingual society, in Inuktitut and English" by 2020.[30][needs update]

The plan provided different models, including:

  • "Qulliq Model", for most Nunavut communities, with Inuktitut to be the main language of instruction.
  • "Inuinnaqtun Immersion Model", for language reclamation and immersion to revitalize Inuinnaqtun as a living language.
  • "Mixed Population Model", mainly for Iqaluit (possibly for Rankin Inlet), where the population is 40% Qallunaat, or non-Inuit, and may have different requirements.[31]

Of the 34,960 responses to the census question concerning "mother tongue" in the 2016 census, the most commonly reported languages in Nunavut were:

Mother tongue
Rank Language Number of respondents Percentage
1 Inuktitut 22,070 63.1%
2 English 11,020 31.5%
3 French 595 1.7%
4 Inuinnaqtun 495 1.4%

At the time of the census, only English and French were counted as official languages. Figures shown are for single-language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses.[32]

In the 2016 census it was reported that 2,045 people (5.8%) living in Nunavut had no knowledge of either official language of Canada (English or French).[33] The 2016 census also reported that of the 30,135 Inuit in Nunavut, 90.7% could speak either Inuktitut or Inuinnaqtun.[بحاجة لمصدر]

الدين

In 2011 census, Christianity constitutes 86% of Nunavut's population. About 13% of the population is non-religious, and 0.44% follows Aboriginal spirituality. There are small minorities of Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists and Jews.[34]

الاقتصاد

CHARS is one of several Arctic research stations in Nunavut.

The economy of Nunavut is driven by the Inuit and Territorial Government, mining, oil, gas, and mineral exploration, arts, crafts, hunting, fishing, whaling, tourism, transportation, housing development, military, research, and education. Currently, one college operates in Nunavut, the Nunavut Arctic College, as well as several Arctic research stations located within the territory. The new Canadian High Arctic Research Station CHARS is planning for Cambridge Bay and high north Alert Bay Station.

Iqaluit hosts the annual Nunavut Mining Symposium every April,[35] a tradeshow that showcases the many economic activities ongoing in Nunavut.

التعدين

There are currently three major mines in operation in Nunavut. Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd – Meadowbank Division. Meadowbank Gold Mine is an open pit gold mine with an estimated mine life 2010–2020 and employs 680 people.

The second recently opened mine in production is the Mary River Iron Ore mine operated by Baffinland Iron Mines. It is located close to Pond Inlet on North Baffin Island. They produce a high grade direct ship iron ore.

The Hope Bay gold mine is one of three major mines in the territory.

The most recent mine to open is Doris North or the Hope Bay Mine operated near Hope Bay Aerodrome by TMAC Resource Ltd. This new high grade gold mine is the first in a series of potential mines in gold occurrences all along the Hope Bay greenstone belt.


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مشاريع التعدين

Name Company In the region of Material
Amaruq and Meliadine Gold Projects Agnico-Eagle Rankin Inlet Gold
Back River Project Sabina Gold & Silver Corp. Bathurst Inlet Gold
Izok Corridor Project MMG Resources Inc. Kugluktuk Gold, Copper, Silver, Zinc
Hackett River Glencore Kugluktuk Copper, Lead, Silver, Zinc
Chidliak De Beers Canada Iqaluit / Pangnirtung Diamonds
Committee Bay, Three Bluffs Gold Project Fury Gold Mines Naujaat Gold
Kiggavik Areva Resources Baker Lake Uranium
Roche Bay Advanced Exploration Hall Beach Iron Ore
Ulu, Lupin Blue Star Gold, Elgin Mining Ltd. Contwoyto Lake - connected to Yellowknife with an ice road Gold
Storm Copper Property Aston Bay Holdings Taloyoak Copper

المناجم التاريخية

The Jericho Diamond Mine is a dormant mine in Nunavut, that operated from 2006 to 2008.

الطاقة

للمزيد من المعلومات: Global warming in the Arctic
A power station powered by diesel fuel in Rankin Inlet

Nunavut's people rely primarily on diesel fuel[37] to run generators and heat homes, with fossil fuel shipments from southern Canada by plane or boat because there are few to no roads or rail links to the region.[38] There is a government effort to use more renewable energy sources,[39] which is generally supported by the community.[40]

This support comes from Nunavut feeling the effects of global warming.[41][42] Former Nunavut Premier Eva Aariak said in 2011, "Climate change is very much upon us. It is affecting our hunters, the animals, the thinning of the ice is a big concern, as well as erosion from permafrost melting."[38] The region is warming about twice as fast as the global average, according to the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.


الحكم والسياسة

Nunavut has a Commissioner appointed by the federal Minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs. As in the other territories, the commissioner's role is symbolic and is analogous to that of a Lieutenant-Governor.[43] While the Commissioner is not formally a representative of the Canadian monarch, a role roughly analogous to representing The Crown has accrued to the position.

Nunavut elects a single member of the House of Commons of Canada. This makes Nunavut the second largest electoral district in the world by area after Greenland. The current MP is Lori Idlout of the New Democratic Party.

The Legislative Building of Nunavut in Iqaluit. The building is home to the territory's Legislative Assembly.

The members of the unicameral Legislative Assembly of Nunavut are elected individually; there are no parties and the legislature is consensus-based.[44] The head of government, the premier of Nunavut, is elected by, and from the members of the legislative assembly. On June 14, 2018, Joe Savikataaq was elected as the Premier of Nunavut, after his predecessor Paul Quassa lost a non-confidence motion.[45][46] Former Premier Paul Okalik set up an advisory council of eleven elders, whose function it is to help incorporate "Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit" (Inuit culture and traditional knowledge, often referred to in English as "IQ") into the territory's political and governmental decisions.[47]


المناطق الإدارية

للمزيد من المعلومات: List of regions of Nunavut
Administrative regions of Nunavut

Nunavut is divided into three administrative regions, the Kitikmeot Region, the Kivalliq Region, and the Qikiqtaaluk Region


الرموز

انظر أيضاً: Symbols of Nunavut

The flag and the coat of arms of Nunavut were designed by Andrew Qappik from Pangnirtung.[48]

النزاع الإقليمي

انظر أيضاً: List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States

A long-simmering dispute between Canada and the U.S. involves the issue of Canadian sovereignty over the Northwest Passage.[49]

الحكومة

Legislative assembly building in Iqaluit.


انظر أيضاً

Portal icon بوابة كندا
Portal icon بوابة نوناڤوت


الهوامش

^1 Effective 12 November 2008.

المصادر

  1. ^ أ ب ت خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة census2016
  2. ^ "Population by year of Canada of Canada and territories". Statistics Canada. September 26, 2014. Retrieved September 29, 2018.
  3. ^ Nunavummiut, the plural demonym for residents of Nunavut, appears throughout the Government of Nunavut website Archived يناير 18, 2009 at the Wayback Machine, proceedings of the Nunavut legislature, and elsewhere. Nunavut Housing Corporation, Discussion Paper Released to Engage Nunavummiut on Development of Suicide Prevention Strategy. Alan Rayburn, previous head of the Canadian Permanent Committee of Geographical Names, opined that: "Nunavut is still too young to have acquired [a gentilé], although Nunavutan may be an obvious choice." In Naming Canada: stories about Canadian place names 2001. (2nd ed. ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. (ISBN 0-8020-8293-9); p. 50.
  4. ^ أ ب "Consolidation of (S.Nu. 2008, c.10) (NIF) Official Languages Act" (PDF). and "Consolidation of Inuit Language Protection Act" (PDF). Government of Nunavut. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
  5. ^ "Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, provincial and territorial, annual (x 1,000,000)". Statistics Canada. 2019-09-21.
  6. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
  7. ^ "The Official Flower of Nunavut: Purple Saxifrage". Legislative Assembly of Nunavut. 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
  8. ^ "The Official Bird of Nunavut: The Rock Ptarmigan". Legislative Assembly of Nunavut. 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
  9. ^ "Alert". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. September 25, 2013. Climate ID: 2400300. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  10. ^ "Baker Lake A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. September 25, 2013. Climate ID: 2300500. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  11. ^ "Cambridge Bay A *". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. September 25, 2013. Climate ID: 2400600. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  12. ^ "Eureka A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. September 25, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  13. ^ أ ب "Iqaluit A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2402590. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  14. ^ "Kugluktuk A *". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. September 25, 2013. Climate ID: 2300902. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  15. ^ "Rankin Inlet A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. September 25, 2013. Climate ID: 2303401. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  16. ^ "July 2008". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2402592. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  17. ^ "March 1999". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2402590. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  18. ^ "September 2010". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2402592. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  19. ^ "October 2015". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2402592. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  20. ^ "December 2010". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 1 November 2019. Climate ID: 2402592. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  21. ^ "June 2019". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 1 November 2019. Climate ID: 2402592. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  22. ^ d.o.o, Yu Media Group. "Iqaluit, Canada - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast". Weather Atlas (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2019-07-06.
  23. ^ "Météo climat stats for Iqaluit". Météo Climat. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  24. ^ "Météo climat stats for Iqaluit". Météo Climat. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  25. ^ "Aboriginal Peoples Highlight Tables". 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  26. ^ "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables". 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  27. ^ "2006 Census Aboriginal Population Profiles". Statistics Canada. 2006. Retrieved January 16, 2008.
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وصلات خارجية

شعار قاموس المعرفة.png

Tourism

Journalism

قالب:Nunavut

قالب:The Arctic Tundra

73°N 91°W / 73°N 91°W / 73; -91 (Nunavut){{#coordinates:}}: لا يمكن أن يكون هناك أكثر من وسم أساسي واحد لكل صفحة
خطأ استشهاد: وسوم <ref> موجودة لمجموعة اسمها "note"، ولكن لم يتم العثور على وسم <references group="note"/>

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