قائمة التلسكوبات الشمسية

This is a list of solar telescopes built in various countries around the world. A solar telescope is a specialized telescope that is used to observe the Sun.

This list contains ground-based professional observatory telescopes at optical wavelengths in chronological order. Solar telescopes often have multiple focal lengths, and use a various combination of mirrors such as coelostats, lenses, and tubes for instruments including spectrographs, cameras, or coronagraphs. There are many types of instruments that have been designed to observe Earth's Sun, for example, in the 20th century solar towers were common.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Existing large solar telescopes

Name/Observatory	Image	Aperture d.	Year(s)	Location	Country(s)	Note
Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)		400.0 400 cm^[1]	2019-^[2]	Maui, Hawaii, USA	الولايات المتحدة	First light early December 2019,^[3] first routine scientific observations season planned for 2021^[4]
Chinese Large Solar Telescope (CLST)	-	180.0 180 cm	2019 -	Western part of China	الصين	First light 10 December 2019^[5]
GREGOR, Teide Observatory		150.0150 cm	2012–	Tenerife, Spain	ألمانيا	^[6]
Goode Solar Telescope (GST), Big Bear Solar Observatory		160.0160 cm	2008–	California, United States	الولايات المتحدة	Located in a lake.
New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST), Yunnan Astronomical Observatory	-	100.0 100 cm	2010–	Yunnan, China	الصين	100 cm vacuum solar telescope^[7]
Andrei Severny Tower Solar Telescope, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory		90.090 cm	1954–	Crimea	-
Multi-purpose automated solar telescope, Sayan Solar Observatory^[8]	-	80.080 cm	–	Mondy, Republic of Buryatia, Russia	روسيا	Located in the mountains at 2000m altitude.
Large Solar Vakuum Telescope, Baikal Astrophysical Observatory^[9]		76.076 cm	1980–	Irkutsk_Oblast, Russia	روسيا	Located on the Coast of Lake Baikal.
Optical and Near-Infrared Solar Eruption Tracer (ONSET), School of Astronomy & Space Science, Nanjing University	-	27.5 3x27,5 cm	2010–	Nanjing, China	الصين	The ONSET consists of four tubes: (1) a near-infrared vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (2) a chromospheric vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (3) a WL vacuum tube, with an aperture of 20 cm and (4) a guiding tube.^[10]
Bulgarian 15-cm Solar Coronagraph,^[11] NAO - Rozhen	-	100.0100 cm	2005–	Rozhen, Bulgaria	بلغاريا
Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope^[12](SST), ORM		100.0100 cm	2002–	La Palma, Spain	السويد
Prairie View Solar Observatory (PVSO)		45.035 cm	1999–	Texas, USA	الولايات المتحدة
Dutch Open Telescope (DOT), ORM		45.045 cm	1997–	La Palma, Spain	هولندا
THÉMIS Solar Telescope, Teide Obs.		90.090 cm	1996–	Tenerife, Spain	إيطاليا and فرنسا
Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT),^[13] Teide Obs.		70.070 cm	1989–	Tenerife, Spain	ألمانيا
Hida Domeless Solar Telescope^[14] (ja)	-	60.0 60 cm	1979–	Takayama, Gifu, Japan	اليابان
Udaipur Solar Observatory MAST Full Disk H-alpha Telescope H-alpha Spar Telescope Coudé Telescope		50.0 50 cm 15 cm 25 cm 15 cm	1976–	Udaipur, India	الهند
Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope (DST), Sacramento Peak		76.0 76 cm	1969–	Sunspot Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, USA	الولايات المتحدة
Solar Observatory Tower Meudon		60.060 cm	1968–	Meudon, France	فرنسا
McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, KPO		161.0 161 cm	1961–	Arizona, USA	الولايات المتحدة	Largest aperture optical and infrared solar telescope for nearly six decades
ARIES Observatory	-	15.015 cm	1961–	Nainital, India	الهند
Solar Tunnel Telescope, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory		61.0 61 cm (24 in)	1958–^[15]	Kodaikanal, India	الهند
45-cm-Turmteleskop	-	45.045 cm	1943-	Schauinsland, Germany	ألمانيا
Gregory Coudé Telescope		45.045 cm	1959-	Locarno, Switzerland	سويسرا	Operated by the Universitäts-Sternwarte Göttingen until 1984 and by IRSOL after 1984.
Solar Tower Telescope by Zeiss^[16]	-	45.0 45 cm	1930–	Tokyo, Japan	اليابان
Einsteinturm		60.060 cm	1924–	Potsdam, Germany	ألمانيا
150-foot tower,^[1] Mount Wilson Observatory		35.0 35 cm (24")	1912–	California, USA	الولايات المتحدة
Snow Solar Telescope,^[17] Mount Wilson Observatory	-	61.0 61 cm (24")	1904–	California, USA	الولايات المتحدة	first solar tower telescope
Lerebour/Grubb-Parsons, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory		20.0 20 cm	1901–	Kodaikanal, India	الهند (1947- ) المملكة المتحدة (1901–1950)

Former solar telescopes after 1900

Name/Observatory	Image	Aperture d.	Year(s)	Location	Country(s)	Note
pt (Solar-T)	-	7.6 2x7.6 cm	2016	Antarctica	البرازيل	^[18]
Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope, ORM	-	47.547.5 cm	1985–2000	La Palma, Spain	السويد	Replaced by the SST
Gregory Coude Telescope (GCT)^[19]		45.0 45 cm^[1]	1984–2002	Tenerife, Spain (1984–2002)	ألمانيا	Replaced by GREGOR
Evans Solar Facility (ESF),^[20] Sacramento Peak		40.0 40 cm	1953–2014	Sunspot Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, USA	الولايات المتحدة	Also a coronagraph
Göttinger Sonnenturm (Solar Tower Telescope, Zeiss 1942)		2x01515 cm 11.011 cm	1942–2004	Göttingen, Germany	ألمانيا	65 cm-Coelostat by Zeiss, feeding light into several small light paths in tower
McMath-Hulbert Observatory	-	61.061 cm (24")	1941–1979	Michigan, USA	الولايات المتحدة	Replaced the 10.5in in 1941
50-foot tower, McMath-Hulbert Observatory	-	40.0 40 cm	1936–1979	Michigan, USA	الولايات المتحدة
10.5 inch, McMath-Hulbert Observatory	-	26.7 26.7 cm (10.5")	1930–1941	Michigan, USA	الولايات المتحدة	Replaced by the 24 inch in 1941
Arcetri solar tower		37.037 cm	1925-2006	Arcetri, Italy	إيطاليا

Telescopes for the Sun have existed for hundreds of years, this list is not complete and only goes back to 1900.

Potential future solar telescopes

Name/Observatory	Image	Aperture d.	Status	Location	Country(s)
COronal Solar Magnetism Observatory (COSMO)^[21]	-	150.0 150 cm	proposed	Hawaii, USA	الولايات المتحدة
National Large Solar Telescope (NLST)	-	200.0200 cm	proposed^[22]	Merak Village, Ladakh, India	الهند
Chinese Giant Solar Telescope (CGST)^[23]	-	500.0 500–800 cm	planned	Western part of China	الصين
European Solar Telescope (EST)^[24]	-	400.0 400+ cm	planned	Canary Islands	15 European countries^[25]

Other types of solar telescopes

There are much smaller commercial and/or amateur telescopes such as Coronado Filters from founder and designer David Lunt, bought by Meade Instruments in 2004 and sells SolarMax solar telescopes up to 8 cm^[26]^[27]

Most solar observatories observe optically at visible, UV, and near infrared wavelengths, but other things can be observed.

CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST), looks for solar axions in the early 2000s
Multi-spectral solar telescope array (MSSTA), a rocket launched payload of UV telescopes in the 1990s
Leoncito Astronomical Complex, has a submillimeter wavelength solar telescope.
Owens Valley Solar Array, for solar radio observation

References

^ ^أ ^ب ^ت "Big Bear Solar Observatory - Large Solar Telescopes".
^ "Welcome to the DKIST | DKIST".
^ Witze, A. (29 January 2020). "World's most powerful solar telescope is up and running". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00224-z.
^ "Cycle 1 Proposal Call Announcement". NSO/DKIST. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
^ "First light of the 1.8-m solar telescope–CLST". SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy. 22 April 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
^ GREGOR Website at KIS, Freiburg
^ http://www.iau.org/static/scientific_meetings/iau_ga_2012/speeches/su_ding_qiang.pdf
^ http://en.iszf.irk.ru/Main_Page Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics
^ http://en.iszf.irk.ru/Main_Page Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics
^ Hao, Q.; Guo, Y.; Dai, Y.; Ding, M. D.; Li, Z.; Zhang, X. Y.; Fang, C. (2012). "Understanding the white-light flare on 2012 March 9: Evidence of a two-step magnetic reconnection". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544: L17. arXiv:1211.1751. Bibcode:2012A&A...544L..17H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219941.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-08-08. Retrieved 2015-06-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ solarphysics.kva.se The Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope Archived 2008-06-16 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-12-26. Retrieved 2009-02-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "The Domeless Solar Telescope".
^ "I.S. Glass's home page".
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-03-10. Retrieved 2014-08-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Telescope: Snow Solar Telescope".
^ "THz Solar Observations on Board of a Trans-Antarctic Stratospheric Balloon Flight" (PDF). Retrieved 19 Aug 2021. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2010-09-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ https://nsosp.nso.edu/esf
^ http://www.cosmo.ucar.edu/
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2010-09-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Y. Y. Deng (21 March 2011). "Introduction to the Chinese Giant Solar Telescope" (PDF). www.ncra.tifr.res.in. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
^ "Home".
^ http://www.astro-east.org/
^ Sky & Telescope: David Lunt (1942-2005)
^ David Lunt biography, Solar Filter designer Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine

[bbso-1] أ ^ب ^ت "Big Bear Solar Observatory - Large Solar Telescopes".

[2] "Welcome to the DKIST | DKIST".

[Witze2020-3] Witze, A. (29 January 2020). "World's most powerful solar telescope is up and running". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00224-z.

[dkistcycle1-4] "Cycle 1 Proposal Call Announcement". NSO/DKIST. Retrieved 2021-01-31.

[5] "First light of the 1.8-m solar telescope–CLST". SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy. 22 April 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.

[6] GREGOR Website at KIS, Freiburg

[7] ttp://www.iau.org/static/scientific_meetings/iau_ga_2012/speeches/su_ding_qiang.pdf

[8] ttp://en.iszf.irk.ru/Main_Page Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics

[9] ttp://en.iszf.irk.ru/Main_Page Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics

[10] Hao, Q.; Guo, Y.; Dai, Y.; Ding, M. D.; Li, Z.; Zhang, X. Y.; Fang, C. (2012). "Understanding the white-light flare on 2012 March 9: Evidence of a two-step magnetic reconnection". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544: L17. arXiv:1211.1751. Bibcode:2012A&A...544L..17H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219941.

[11] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-08-08. Retrieved 2015-06-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[12] solarphysics.kva.se The Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope Archived 2008-06-16 at the Wayback Machine

[13] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-12-26. Retrieved 2009-02-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[14] "The Domeless Solar Telescope".

[15] "I.S. Glass's home page".

[16] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-03-10. Retrieved 2014-08-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[17] "Telescope: Snow Solar Telescope".

[18] "THz Solar Observations on Board of a Trans-Antarctic Stratospheric Balloon Flight" (PDF). Retrieved 19 Aug 2021. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)

[19] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2010-09-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[20] ttps://nsosp.nso.edu/esf

[21] ttp://www.cosmo.ucar.edu/

[22] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2010-09-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[23] Y. Y. Deng (21 March 2011). "Introduction to the Chinese Giant Solar Telescope" (PDF). www.ncra.tifr.res.in. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

[24] "Home".

[25] ttp://www.astro-east.org/

[26] Sky & Telescope: David Lunt (1942-2005)

[27] David Lunt biography, Solar Filter designer Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

v t e مهمات المراصد الفضائية الشمسية
الحالية	پيونير 6، 7، 8، و 9 · GGS WIND · SOHO · ACE · TRACE · RHESSI · Hinode · STEREO · Koronas-Foton	بوابة ارتياد الفضاء
المنتهية	مجسات هليوس · ISEE 1–3 · سولارماكس · اوليسيس · Yohkoh · پيونير 5 · مرصد شمسي مداري
اعادة عينات	Genesis
المستقبل	مرصد الديناميكا الشمسية · PICARD · المدارية الشمسية · مجس شمسي · Solar Sentinels
الملغاة	پيونير هـ