قائمة الحكام المنغول

(تم التحويل من List of Mongol rulers)

8 of 15 khagans of the Mongol Empire.
Mongol Empire and its fragmentation
Imperial Seal of the Mongols
Imperial Seal of Bogd Khan

The following is a list of Mongol rulers.

The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.

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Khamag Mongol (1120s–1206)

للمزيد من المعلومات: List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans and Khamag Mongol
Ruler Reign Information
Kaidu 1030 - 1060 The first Khan to unite the Mongol clans[1]
Khabul Khan c. 1130 - 1148 The first Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation[2]
Ambaghai Khan 1148 - 1156 The second Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation
Hotula Khan 1156 - 1161 The third Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation
Yesugei c. 1160 - 1171 De facto ruler of the Khamag Mongol confederation
Genghis Khan 1160 - 1206 Chieftain of the Borjigin clan


Mongol Empire (1206–1368)

للمزيد من المعلومات: Mongol Empire

Great Khans and Yuan dynasty

قائمة أكثر شمولاً، انظر List of Yuan emperors.

Before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls) already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor (صينية: 皇帝؛ پن‌ين: Huángdì�) practically in the Chinese language since Genghis Khan (as 成吉思皇帝؛ 'Genghis Emperor'�).

With the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi for ethnic Han.

B. Sumiyabaatar/ Б.Сумьяабаатар, "Чинcгий алтан ургийн үгийн бичиг ба гэрийн үеийн бичмэл", "Genealogy of Mongols", 720 pp., ISBN 99929-5-552-X
Ruler Reign Information
Genghis Khan 1206 - 1227 The first Khan of the Mongol Empire
Tolui Khan 1227 - 1229 Regent of the Mongol Empire until his brother, Ögedei became Khan
Ögedei Khan September 13, 1229 - December 11, 1241 The second Khan of the Mongol Empire
Töregene Khatun 1242 - 1246 Regent of the Mongol Empire until the election of her son, Güyük Khan
Güyük Khan August 24, 1246 - April 20, 1248 The third Khan of the Mongol Empire
Oghul Qaimish 1248 - 1251 Regent of the Mongol Empire until her death in 1251
Möngke Khan July 1, 1251 - August 11, 1259 The fourth Khan of the Mongol Empire
Ariq Böke August 11, 1259 - August 12, 1264 Claimed the title of Great Khan and fought against Kublai in the Toluid Civil War.
Kublai Khan December 18, 1271 - February 18, 1294 The first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Temür Khan May 10, 1294 - February 10, 1307 The second emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Külüg Khan June 21, 1307 - January 27, 1311 The third emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan April 7, 1311 - March 1, 1320 The fourth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Gegeen Khan April 19, 1320 - September 4, 1323 The fifth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Yesün Temür October 4, 1323 - August 15, 1328 The sixth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Ragibagh Khan October 1328 - November 14, 1328 The seventh emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür October 16, 1328 - February 26, 1329[3] (first reign)
September 8, 1329 – September 2, 1332 (second reign) 		The eighth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Khutughtu Khan Kusala February 27, 1329 - August 30, 1329 The ninth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Seized the throne from Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür.
Rinchinbal Khan October 23, 1332 – December 14, 1332 The tenth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Toghon Temür July 19, 1333 – September 10, 1368[3] The eleventh emperor and last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Also the first emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty.

Golden Horde

قائمة أكثر شمولاً، انظر List of Khans of the Golden Horde.
انظر أيضاً: Wings of the Golden Horde

Left wing (White Horde)

للمزيد من المعلومات: White Horde

Ögedei Khanete

Kaydu Ulus

Yenisei Kingdom

Right wing (Blue Horde)

للمزيد من المعلومات: Blue Horde

Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.

Ruler Reign Information
Batu Khan 1227 - 1255 The first Khan of the Golden Horde and the first Khan of its Western Half (the Blue Horde).
Sartaq Khan 1256 - 1257 The second Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Ulaghchi 1257 The third Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. The last Khan of the Golden Horde that believed in Tengrism.
Berke Khan 1257 - 1266 The fourth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. The first Islamic Khan of the Golden Horde and supporter of Ariq Böke in the Toluid Civil War.
Mengu-Timur 1266 - 1280 The fifth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Tode Mongke 1280 - 1287 The sixth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Talabuga 1287 - 1291 The seventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Toqta 1291 - 1312 The eighth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Özbeg Khan 1313 - 1341 The ninth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Tini Beg 1341 - 1342 The tenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Jani Beg 1342 - 1357 The eleventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Berdi Beg 1357 - 1359 The twelve Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Qulpa August 1359 - February 1360 The thirteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Nawruz Beg 1360 The fourteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Khiḍr Khan 1360 - 1361 The fifteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Timur Khwaja 1361 The sixteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Ordu Malik 1361 The seventeenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Kildi Beg 1361 - 1362 The eighteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Abdallāh 1361 - 1370 The nineteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.
Tulun Beg Khanum 1370 - 1371 The first Queen of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Muhammad Sultan 1370/1371 - 1379 The twentieth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.
Tulak 1379 - 1380 The twenty-first Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.

Great Horde (1466–1502)

المقالة الرئيسية: Great Horde

Ilkhanate

للمزيد من المعلومات: Ilkhanate

After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.

Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):

  • Togha Temür (c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353)
  • Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)


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Chobanids (1335–1357)

المقالة الرئيسية: Chobanids

Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)

المقالة الرئيسية: Jalayirid Sultanate

Injuids (1335–1357)

المقالة الرئيسية: Injuids

Arghun dynasty (1479?–1599?)

المقالة الرئيسية: Arghun dynasty

Chagatai Khanate

قائمة أكثر شمولاً، انظر List of Chagatai khans.

The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).

Western Chagatai Khanate

From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.

Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)

للمزيد من المعلومات: Moghulistan

Moghulistan was split into the Turpan Khanate and Yarkent Khanate in the late 15th century.

انظر أيضاً: List of khans of the Yarkent and Turpan khanates

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Turpan Khanate
للمزيد من المعلومات: Turpan Khanate
Yarkent Khanate
للمزيد من المعلومات: Yarkent Khanate

Kara Del (1383–1513)

المقالة الرئيسية: Kara Del

Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)

قائمة أكثر شمولاً، انظر List of Northern Yuan khans.

Khagans of the Mongols or Northern Yuan dynasty (rump state of Yuan dynasty until 1388):

Genghisid Khalkha Khans (1600s–1691)

Independent Khalkha Mongol Khans (before Outer Mongolia merged into the Manchu Qing dynasty):

Tüsheet Khans

انظر أيضاً: Tüsheet Khan
  • Abtai Sain Khan (1567–1588)
  • Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?)
  • Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655)
  • Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)


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Jasagtu Khans

  • Laikhur Khan
  • Subandai Khan
  • Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661)
  • Chambun Khan (1670?–)
  • Zenggün
  • Shara (d. 1687)

Sechen Khans

  • Sholoi (1627–1652), son of Morbuim, succeeded his brother Khar Zagal in 1627. First with the title of Setsen Khan.
  • Babu (1652–1683), fifth son of Sholoi.
  • Norov (1683–1688), third son of Babu.
  • Navaanneren (1910–1922), eldest son of Tserendondov, who was the son of Orjinjav the son of Artased.

Altan Khan of the Khalkha

انظر أيضاً: Altan Khan of the Khalkha

Oirats

Four Oirat (1399–1634)

للمزيد من المعلومات: Four Oirat
  • Khuuhai Dayuu (c. 1399)
  • Ugetchi Khashikha (Mongolian: Ögöchi Khashikha; Mönkhtömör)
  • Batula Chinsan (Bahamu, Mahamud) (1399–1408)
  • Togoon Tayisi (Toghan) (1408–1438)
  • Esen (1438–1454)
  • Amasanj (1454–1455)
  • Ush-Temür (Ish-Temür) (1455–1469)
  • Khishig Urlugh
  • Arkhan Chingsang

Dzungar Khanate

للمزيد من المعلومات: Dzungar Khanate

Khans of Khoshut Khanate

للمزيد من المعلومات: Khoshut Khanate

Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century)

المقالة الرئيسية: Altan Khan of Khalkha and Khotogoid

Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate

للمزيد من المعلومات: Kalmyk Khanate
  • Kho Orluk (d. 1644)
  • Shukhur Daichin (1644–1661)
  • Puntsuk (1661–1669)
  • Ayuka Khan (1669–1724)
  • Tseren Donduk Khan (1724–1735)
  • Donduk Ombo Khan (1735–1741)
  • Donduk Dashi Khan (1741–1761)
  • Ubashi Khan (1762–1771)

Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)

المقالة الرئيسية: Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
Ruler Photo Reign Seal Information
Bogd Khan Bogd Khan (1).jpg December 29, 1911 - May 20, 1924 Seal of Bogd Khan.svg The first and only Khan of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia. Also the eighth Jebtsundamba Khutuktu.

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ René Grousset. "Le conquérant du monde: vie de Gengis-Khan". www.rulit.me. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
  2. ^ Кычанов Е. И. (1995). Жизнь Темучжина, думавшего покорить мир: Чингис-хан. Личность и эпоха (2-е изд., перераб. и доп ed.). Moscow: Издательская фирма «Восточная литература» РАН; Школа-Пpecc. p. 18. ISBN 5-02-017390-8.
  3. ^ أ ب Moule 1957, p. 104.

Sources

  • Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross – The Tarikh-i-rashidi
  • Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
  • Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368
  • William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle -The Cambridge history of Iran, 5
  • Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov – Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system
  • Moule, Arthur C. (1957). The Rulers of China, 221 BC-AD 1949. London: Routledge. OCLC 223359908.
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