جيروم إسحق فريدمان
جيروم إسحق فريدمان | |
|---|---|
Jerome Isaac Friedman | |
 | |
| وُلِدَ | 28 مارس 1930 |
| الجنسية | أمريكي |
| المدرسة الأم | Chicago |
| اللقب | Experimental proof of quarks |
| الزوج | Tania Letetsky-Baranovsky (m. 1956; 4 children)[1] |
| الجوائز | President's Medal of the IOP (2000) جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء (1990) |
| السيرة العلمية | |
| المجالات | الفيزياء |
| الهيئات | MIT |
| المشرف على الدكتوراه | Enrico Fermi |
جيروم إسحق فريدمان Jerome Isaac Friedman (و. 28 مارس 1930) هو عالم فيزيائي أمريكي حاز على جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام1990 بالاشتراك مع هنري كندال وريتشارد تايلور عن تجاربهم الخاصة بتشتت الإلكترونات باصطدامها العميق بالبروتونات والنيوترونات التي أجريت خلال الستينيات من القرن الماضي . وقد أدت تلك التجارب إلى تأييد نموذج بناء البروتونات، والنيوترونات من كواركات.
ولد جيروم فريدمان بمدينة شيكاغو بولاية إلينوي بالولايات المتحدة.
الحياة والسيرة
Born in Chicago, Illinois to Lillian (née Warsaw) and Selig Friedman, a sewing machine salesman, Friedman's Jewish[2] parents emigrated to the U.S. from Russia. Jerome Friedman excelled in art but became interested in physics after reading a book on relativity written by Albert Einstein. He turned down a scholarship to the Art Institute of Chicago in order to study physics at the University of Chicago. Whilst there he worked under Enrico Fermi, and eventually received his Ph.D. in physics in 1956. In 1960, he joined the physics faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
In 1968–69, commuting between MIT and California, he conducted experiments with Henry W. Kendall and Richard E. Taylor at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center which gave the first experimental evidence that protons had an internal structure, later known to be quarks. For this, Friedman, Kendall and Taylor shared the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is an institute professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Friedman is also a member of the board of sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.[3]
In 2003, he was one of 22 Nobel laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[4] He is an atheist.[5]
Friedman is one of the 20 American recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics to sign a letter addressed to President George W. Bush in May 2008, urging him to "reverse the damage done to basic science research in the Fiscal Year 2008 Omnibus Appropriations Bill" by requesting additional emergency funding for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, the National Science Foundation, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.[6]
الثقافة الشعبية
Prof Friedman appeared on an episode of Da Ali G Show, where Sacha Baron Cohen interviews Jerome as a fictional character called Ali G.[7]
المطبوعات
- Friedman, J. I., Kendall, H. W., et al. "Experimental Search for a Heavy Electron", Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission) September 1967.
- Friedman, J. I. "Deep Inelastic Electron Scattering: Experimental", Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission) October 1971.
التكريم
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (2016)- Member of the American Philosophical Society (2002)[8]
- Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1992)[9]
- Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1991)[10]
- Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1980)[11]
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ Nobel Prize winners: Supplement, 1987-1991 : an H.W. Wilson biographical dictionary, Volume 2. H.W. Wilson Co. 1992. ISBN 9780824208349. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
- ^ "Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Physics". Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Physics. Israel Science and Technology Homepage. 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
- ^ "Board of Sponsors". Board of Sponsors. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 2014. Archived from the original on May 9, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ^ "Notable Signers". Humanism and its Aspirations. American Humanist Association. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
- ^ "Nobel laureate Friedman: Time travel is not possible". Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
- ^ "A Letter from America's Physics Nobel Laureates" (PDF).
- ^ (in en)Ali G + Borat - Dog Contest ( Super Funny ), January 20, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZGGWy8G-GA, retrieved on 2023-06-24
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-10-05.
- ^ "Jerome I. Friedman". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2021-10-05.
- ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
- ^ "Jerome Isaac Friedman". American Academy of Arts & Sciences (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-10-05.
وصلات خارجية
- Bibliographic Resources--Development of the Quark, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
- Nobel Autobiography
- Friedman page at MIT
- Jerome Friedman Playlist Appearance on WMBR's Dinnertime Sampler radio show January 5, 2005
- their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons
- Friedman Explains Role of Quarks in Killian Talk, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (April 1, 2001)
- Will Innovation Flourish in the Future?-Opinion by Jerome Friedman, American Institute of Physics
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- مواليد 28 مارس
- مواليد 1930
- شهر الميلاد مختلف في ويكي بيانات
- يوم الميلاد مختلف في ويكي بيانات
- علماء أمريكان يهود
- فيزيائيون أمريكان
- أشخاص أحياء
- حائزو جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء
- حائزو جائزة نوبل أمريكان
- طاقم تدريس معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
- أعضاء أكاديمية العلوم الوطنية الأمريكية
- حائزو جائزة پانوفسكي
- طاقم تدريس كلية العلوم، معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
- الطاقم الأكاديمي في جامعة بلگراد
- ملحدون أمريكان يهود
- ملحدون أمريكان
- أمريكان من أصل روسي-يهودي
- فيزيائيون أمريكان يهود
- فيزيائيون أمريكان في القرن 21
- فيزيائيون أمريكان في القرن العشرين
- خريجو جامعة شيكاغو
- Members of the American Philosophical Society
- رؤساء الجمعية الفيزيائية الأمريكية