إيريك ساتييه

إريك ساتييه
وُلِدَ	إريك ألفريد ليسلي ساتييه (1866-05-17)17 مايو 1866 هونفلور, فرنسا
توفي	1 يوليو 1925(1925-07-01) (aged 59) باريس، فرنسا
المهنة	عازف بيانو، مؤلف موسيقي

إيريك ألفريد ليسلي ساتييه Éric Alfred Leslie Satie (بالفرنسية: [eʁik sati]) (وقع اسمه إريك ساتييه بعد 1884) (م. 17 مايو 1866 – و. 1 يوليو 1925 ) مؤلف موسيقي فرنسي وعازف بيانو.

ساتييه يعد شخص غريب الاطوار شديد الأهمية في الموسيقى الفرنسية ونال إعجاب ديبوسي وجون كيدج ضمن آخرين، وصف نفسه “كموسيقي ينتمي للعصور الوسطى هام وصنف بالخطأ في القرن العشرين”. مقطوعاته الأولى للبيانو كلاسيكيات محبوبة الآن وأعماله اللاحقة للباليه التي تعزفها فرق الباليه الروسية والسويدية تعد تعاونًا بارعًا بين مصممي الراقصين والملابس.

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 حياته وموسيقاه

ساتيه لم يعتنق التقليد أبدا. مثل شابرييه الذي كان قدوته في الشباب، عزف البيانو في الكباريهات وكانت الموسيقى الشعبية هامة في أعماله غير الموقرة. استخدم الكثير من العناوين غير المعتادة: مثل “السوناتا البريوقراطية” و”مقطوعات في شكل كمثرى” كتبها ردا على اتهام أن موسيقاه بلا شكل. عام 1890 أسس كنيسة"متروبوليتان للمسيح" بمساعدة حركة صوفية تعرف باسم "الصليب الوردي". عام 1905 التحق كدارس عائد في مدرسة فنسنت دانتي للإنشاد وكان طالبًا مثاليًا. حقق شهرة بعد الحرب العالمية الاولى عندما ألف أعمال الباليه.

 وسائط

Gymnopedies – La 1 Ere. Lent et Douloureux (Gymnopedies - Wing 1. Slow and Painful)

Performed by Robin Alciatore. Courtesy of Musopen

Gnossienne 1

Composed c. 1890.

Gnossienne 2

Composed c. 1890.

Gnossienne 3

Composed c. 1890.

 أعمال

• List of compositions by Erik Satie

 تسجيلات وتوزيعات

 أعمال البيانو

Recordings of Satie's piano works have been released by Cristina Ariagno, Jean-Pierre Armengaud, Jean-Joël Barbier, Aldo Ciccolini, Claude Coppens (live recording), Reinbert de Leeuw, Eve Egoyan, Philippe Entremont, Frank Glazer, Olof Höjer, Michel Legrand, Jacques Loussier, Anne Queffélec, Bill Quist, Lara Custódio, Pascal Rogé, João Paulo Santos, Yūji Takahashi, Branka Parlić, Jean-Yves Thibaudet, John Lenehan and Daniel Varsano, among others.

 أوركسترالية وغنائية

• A recording of historical importance is قالب:Erik Satie, Les inspirations insolites, re-issued by EMI as a 2-CD set, containing among other pieces: Geneviève de Brabant (in a version before Contamine's text had been recovered), Le piège de Méduse, Messe des pauvres, etc.
• Many other recordings exist: Parade/Relâche (Michel Plasson / Orchestre du Capitole de Toulouse), Satie: Socrate [etc.] (Jean-Paul Fouchécourt / Ensemble), and recordings of songs, e.g., by Anne-Sophie Schmidt.

 توزيعات للموسيقى الشعبية

 Gymnopédies

المقالة الرئيسية: Gymnopédies (Satie)

• In 1963, The Fire Within (French:Le Fou Follet), one of Louis Malle's early films, used Gymnopédie 1 and Gnossienne 1, 2 & 3 to score the film.

• In 1968, Blood, Sweat & Tears released their eponymous second album, which included an adaptation of Gymnopédie No. 1 (arranged by Dick Halligan) which they titled as Variations on a Theme by Erik Satie (First and Second Movements). The first movement is a straightforward elaboration of the basic theme using flutes, an acoustic guitar and a triangle. The second is a far more abstract variation using only brass instruments. In 1969, Halligan received a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Performance for the piece.

• In 1974, the jazz flutist Hubert Laws recorded an arrangement by Bob James of the Gymnopédie No. 1 in his "In the Beginning" double album. The band featured keyboardist Bob James, guitarist Gene Bertoncini, bassist Ron Carter, drummer Steve Gadd, three strings, and Hubert's brother Ronnie Laws on tenor sax.

• In 1979 the band "Sky" (Tristan Fry, Francis Monkman, Kevin Peek, Herbie Flowers, and John Williams) included a version of Gymnopedie No. 1, which was arranged by John Williams, on the band's first album, which was entitled "Sky."

• In 1980, Gary Numan's 7-inch "We Are Glass" featured Gymnopédie No. 1 on the B-side.

• Gymnopédie No. 1 is featured in the 1981 film My Dinner with Andre, directed by Louis Malle.

• In 1990, Movement 98's (Paul Oakenfold and Steve Osborne) single "Joy and Heartbreak" used the opening phrase of Trois Gymnopédies as the intro and instrumental.

• Janet Jackson released the single "Someone to Call My Lover" in 2001 from her seventh studio album, All for You. The chorus of the song includes a loop of Gymnopédie No. 1 played in 4/4 time instead of the original 3/4. Jackson had loved the Gymnopédie since childhood and wanted to incorporate its theme into one of her own songs.

• The English electronic duo Isan recorded versions of the Trois Gymnopédies for a 2006 7-inch single, "Trois Gymnopédies" on the Morr Music record label.

• The 2001 movie The Royal Tenenbaums features an arrangement of the lst Gymnopédie.

• The 2006 video game Mother 3 features an arrangement of the 1st Gymnopédie as background music, titled "Leder's Gymnopédie".

• The 2008 documentary film Man on Wire features both Gymnopédie No. 1 and Gnossienne No. 1.

• Gymnopédie No. 2 has been used in the original soundtrack of 2010 Japanese animated film The Disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya by Kyoto Animation studio. The full Gymnopédies as well as Gnossiennes are included in the 2nd CD of this OST.

• In 2012 Gymnopédie No. 1 was used in the video for Lana Del Rey's song "Carmen"

 Gnossiennes

المقالة الرئيسية: Gnossiennes (Satie)

• In 1963, The Fire Within (French:Le Fou Follet), one of Louis Malle's early films, used Gymnopédie No. 1 and Gnossienne Nos. 1, 2 & 3 to score the film.

• In 1994, Malcolm McLaren arranged Gnossienne Nos. 3 and 4 in his concept album Paris.

• Gnossienne No. 1 is used in the 2003 episode "Five Little Pigs" of Agatha Christie's Poirot .

• The 2006 movie The Painted Veil features Gnossienne No. 1 throughout the film.

• The 2008 documentary film Man on Wire features both Gymnopédie No. 1 and Gnossienne No. 1.

• The 2nd movement of his Gymnopédies has been used in the original soundtrack of 2010 Japanese animated film The Disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya by Kyoto Animation studio. The full Gymnopédies as well as Gnossiennes are included in the 2nd CD of this OST.

• In 2011, singer-songwriter Tori Amos released an album entitled Night of Hunters, where her song "Battle of Trees" is a variation on Gnossienne No. 1.

• In 2011, Satie's Gnossienne No. 1 was used in the film Hugo.

• In 2011, James Blake used Gnossienne No. 5 as the opening track of his BBC Radio 1 Essential Mix.

 أخرى

• In 1987, the Serbian and former Yugoslav electronic music composer Mitar Subotić on his debut album Disillusioned!, released under the pseudonym Rex Ilusivii, recorded a twenty-five minute long instrumental track "Thanx Mr. Rorschach – Ambijenti na muziku Erika Satija" ("Thanx Mr. Rorschach – Ambient to the music by Erik Satie"), as a kind of a musical Rorschach test to the music by Satie. The Disillusioned! album back cover featured a review by the head of the Erik Satie Foundation saying: "It is a great pleasure to see that in Yugoslavia works a musician Mitar Subotić - Rex Ilusivii who composed some significant material, especially a piece, a homage to Satie, composed in a way that Satie would like best - that everyone finds one's own path and one's personality. The music of Rex Ilusivii presents exactly this formula, this procedure."

• In 1989, the Vienna Art Orchestra (directed by Mathias Rüegg) released The Minimalism of Eric Satie, a 2-LP set on the Swiss HatART label that included "reflections" on a number of Satie's works, notably three performances of Vexations in various instrumental/vocal combinations.

• In 1997, the Canadian soprano Patricia O'Callaghan included songs by Satie on her debut solo album Youkali and still performs them as part of her cabaret act.

• In 1999, electronic music act Plaid's CD Restproof Clockwork included a track called "Tearisci" which is an uncredited version of Satie's "Pièces Froides, No. 2: Danses De Travers: III. Encore".

• In 2000, ex-Genesis guitarist Steve Hackett released the album Sketches of Satie, performing Satie's works on acoustic guitar, with contributions by his brother John on flute.

• Ogive Number 2 (incorrectly labelled Ogive Number 1) was re-recorded electronically by William Orbit on his album Pieces in a Modern Style

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 انظر أيضا

• Ambient music
• Dada
• Impressionist music
• Surrealism

 مصادر

In English, unless indicated:

 كتابات لساتييه

• A Mammal's Notebook: Collected Writings of Erik Satie (Serpent's Tail; Atlas Arkhive, No 5, 1997) ISBN 0-947757-92-9 (with introduction and notes by Ornella Volta, translations by Anthony Melville, contains several drawings by Satie)
• Correspondence presque complète: Réunie, établie et présentée par Ornella Volta (Paris: Fayard/Imes, 2000; 1265pp) ISBN 2-213-60674-9 (an almost complete edition of Satie's letters, in French)

 كتابات ومقالات عن ساتييه

• Allan, Kenneth R. “Metamorphosis in 391: A Cryptographic Collaboration by Francis Picabia, Man Ray, and Erik Satie.” Art History 34, No. 1 (February, 2011): 102–125.
• Davis, Mary E., Erik Satie. Reaktion Books – Critical Lives. June 2007. ISBN 978-1-86189-321-5
• Gillmor, Alan M., Erik Satie (Twayne Pub., 1988, reissued 1992; 387pp) ISBN 0-393-30810-3
• Myers, Rollo H., Erik Satie. (Dover Publications, New York 1968.) ISBN 0-486-21903-8
• Orledge, Robert, Satie Remembered (London: Faber and Faber, London, 1995)
• Orledge, Robert, Satie the Composer Cambridge University Press: 1990; 437pp – in the series Music in the Twentieth Century [ed.] Arnold Whittall) ISBN 0-521-35037-9
• Templier, Pierre-Daniel (translated by Elena L. French and David S. French), Erik Satie (The MIT Press, 1969, reissued 1971) ISBN 0-262-70005-0 and (New York: Da Capo Press, 1980 reissue) ISBN 0-306-76039-8. Note: Templier extensively consulted Conrad, Erik Satie's brother, when writing this first biography that appeared in 1932. The English translation was, however, criticised by John Cage; in a letter to Ornella Volta (25 May 1983) he referred to the translation as disappointing compared to the formidable value of the original biography.
• Volta, Ornella and Simon Pleasance, Erik Satie (Hazan: The Pocket Archives Series, 1997; 200pp) ISBN 2-85025-565-3
• Volta, Ornella, transl. Michael Bullock, Satie Seen Through His Letters (Marion Boyars, 1989) ISBN 0-7145-2980-X
• Whiting, Steven, Satie the Bohemian: from Cabaret to Concert Hall (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999; 596pp). A fully researched account of Satie's musical career in what then was regarded as popular music.

 أخرى

• Satie Home page – Niclas Fogwall's website dedicated to Satie

 المصدر

DK eyewitness companions classical music

 روابط خارجية

Wikisource has original works written by or about:

إيريك ساتييه

 معلومات واستماع

• Biography and photos
• UbuWeb's Erik Satie pages – including an Erik Satie Primer and downloadable recordings
• About Erik Satie – The eccentric Impressionist French composer and musician
• Erik Satie at Pytheas Center for Contemporary Music
• Three Gymnopedies by Eric Satie
• (بالفرنسية) erik-satie.com Website dedicated to the musician, with blog, timeline, gallery, biography
• Works by or about إيريك ساتييه in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

 مدونات موسيقية

• Public domain scores Satie's Scores + Audio
• Free scores by إيريك ساتييه at the International Music Score Library Project
• أعمال موسيقية مجانية من إيريك ساتييه في مكتبة الأعمال الكورالية المشاع (ChoralWiki)

• www.kreusch-sheet-music.net Free Scores by Satie
• Satie's Scores – by the Mutopia Project