رابطة كليات الطب الأمريكية

(تم التحويل من Association of American Medical Colleges)
Association of American Medical Colleges
الصناعةMedicine
تأسست1876; 148 years ago (1876
المقر الرئيسيWashington, D.C.
الأشخاص الرئيسيون
  • David J. Skorton (President and CEO, 2019–present)
  • LouAnn Woodward, MD (Chair of the Board of Directors, 2022–2023)
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.aamc.org

The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C. that was established in 1876. It represents medical schools, teaching hospitals, and academic and scientific societies, while providing services to its member institutions that include data from medical, education, and health studies, as well as consulting. The AAMC administers the Medical College Admission Test[1] and operates the American Medical College Application Service[2] and the Electronic Residency Application Service.[3] Along with the American Medical Association (AMA), the AAMC co-sponsors the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), the accrediting body for all U.S. MD-granting medical education programs.[4]

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History

The AAMC was founded in 1876 at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia to establish standards for member medical schools. The first meeting was held on June 2, 1876, and included members from 22 medical colleges. Jefferson Medical College's Dean, John B. Biddle, was the first president of the Association.[5] The first set of standards established in 1876 included “a curriculum of two terms not occurring in the same year.” [6]

By 1905, the Association expanded its standards to require member schools to offer a four-year medical curriculum of no less than 4,000 hours.[6]

In 1942, the AAMC partnered with the American Medical Association's (AMA) Council on Medical Education and Hospitals to form the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME). The LCME is an accrediting agency for educational programs at medical schools in the United States and Canada.[7]

In 2006, Darrell G. Kirch became president and CEO of AAMC, he served until 2019. On July 15, 2019, David J. Skorton replaced Kirch as president and CEO.

In 2015, the AAMC announced MCAT examinees with documented disabilities would no longer be required to inform schools if they received accommodations during their exam.[8] Prior to this, if someone received accommodations due to a documented disability, an asterisk was affixed to the score report to inform all schools the individual applied to. The schools were not informed of the specific disability or nature of the accommodations.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the AAMC created a database of treatment and management guidance for clinicians. The resources are divided into various topics, including infection control, emergency department, inpatient, ambulatory, serious illness communication, mental health, and special populations.[9] The AAMC also recommended that medical schools temporarily suspend medical students’ direct patient contact due to safety concerns.[10]

Throughout 2020, the AAMC was criticized for continuing to hold the MCAT exam in person during the COVID pandemic.[11] In October 2020, the Association responded to lawmaker's concerns over in-person testing by saying it had resumed only when safety protocols had been developed and implemented.[12]

In 2020, the AAMC removed Abraham Flexner's name from their annual award, claiming his 1910 report contained "racist and sexist" statements.[13] This claim, however, has been challenged.[14]


Structure

The Association is a nonprofit organization that represents medical schools, teaching hospitals, and academic and scientific societies.[15] All accredited MD-granting medical schools in the United States and Canada are members of the AAMC.[16] Membership also includes teaching hospitals or health systems, including 51 Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers,[17] and academic societies are also members.[16]

The AAMC provides services including data from medical, education, and health studies, as well as consulting.[18] The organization hosts events each year that offer continuing medical education and professional development to the health workforce.[19]

The Association is governed by a 17-member board of directors.[20] Ten of the board members are the chairs of the Association's three member councils: the Council of Deans, the Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems, and the Council of Faculty and Academic Societies.[21] The remaining 7 include a medical student, a resident physician, and a member of the public not affiliated with the AAMC, a medical school, or a teaching hospital.[21]

The Council of Faculty and Academic Societies has 94 member professional organizations.[22] Members consist of faculty from U.S. medical schools and teaching hospitals.[23]

The Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems is composed of around 400 teaching hospitals, including Veteran Affairs medical centers.[24][25]

The Council of Deans is composed of deans from all accredited medical schools in the U.S. and 17 Canadian schools.[26]

In January 2022, the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Association of Academic Health Centers (AAHC) approved a merger agreement. Under the agreement, the AAHC joined the AAMC on April 1, 2022, according to a Jan. 20 joint news release.[27] The AAHC was founded in 1969 and lists over 120 U.S. and international member organizations on its website. The latter are part of the Association of Academic Health Centers International (AAHCI), a subsidiary of the U.S. organization founded in 2008.[28]

Programs

The AAMC administers the Medical College Admission Test[1] and operates the American Medical College Application Service[2] and the Electronic Residency Application Service[3] which facilitate students applying to medical schools and residency programs.

Medical College Admission Test (MCAT)

The MCAT was formed in 1928 and was known as the “Scholastic Aptitude Test for Medical Students”.[29] In 1948, it was renamed the “Medical College Admission Test”.[29] In 2015, after a review process, a new version of the test was introduced by the AAMC.[30] The new exam added a Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior section.[30][31]

The review for the new exam was led by a 21-member committee composed by the Association and called the MR5 Committee.[32] The MR5 Committee consisted of medical school deans; admissions, educational affairs, student affairs, and diversity officers; basic science and clinical faculty; pre-health advisors and undergraduate faculty; and a medical student and a physician resident.[32] The MR5 Committee also reached out to subcommittees of experts in fields such as psychology, sociology, and anthropology.[32]

The Association maintains a “What’s on the MCAT Exam?” webpage that includes a comprehensive list of all tested topics.[33] They also offer a Fee Assistance Program for test takers who require financial aid in order to take the MCAT.[31]

American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS)

Led by the AAMC, the American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS) administers and processes medical school applications.[22][34] Most U.S. medical schools participate in the AMCAS.[34]

AMCAS was first used by applicants to medical schools in 1969.

Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS)

The AAMC developed the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) to allow final-year medical school students and graduates to apply electronically for residency positions.[22][35] The service was established in 1996.[35]

Resources and data

The Association conducts studies, research, and publications on medical education, health care, and biomedical research and provides publications and forums to support medical education and educational health programs.[36] The Association is also responsible for a number of publications,[37] including:

  • The State Physician Workforce Data Report: published annually.[38] The report looks at physician supply, medical students, and graduate medical education residents in each state.[39] It also provides data on the breakdown of physicians by specialty and training location.[38][39]
  • The Medical School Admissions Requirements (MSAR):[37] this publication includes a description of each medical school, and the median overall and science GPAs and MCATs of the first year class.[40] The AAMC has received criticism due to charging for the MSAR. [41] Because the MSAR contains data crucial to all those applying to medical school, critics say this practice contradicts AAMC's official mission of making medical education available to all regardless of income. [42]
  • The Medical School Enrollment Survey: published annually[43]
  • The Report on Medical School Faculty Salaries: provides summary tables with average compensation and percentile statistics by rank and department for basic and clinical science faculty.[44] Additional tables summarize the data by type of school and region.[44]
  • The Complexities of Physician Supply and Demand: projections from 2017 to 2032[45]

The AAMC published a three-part report on conflicts of interest in research and medical education settings. The final report was titled “In the Interest of Patients: Recommendations for Physician Financial Relationships and Clinical Decision Making,” and was released in 2010.[46]

The AAMC publishes the peer-reviewed journal Academic Medicine. Past papers of the association are held at the National Library of Medicine.[47]

See also

References

  1. ^ أ ب Kowarski, Ilana (July 3, 2019). "What the MCAT Test Is Like and How to Prepare". U.S. News & World Report.
  2. ^ أ ب Kowarski, Ilana (November 15, 2018). "How to Use AMCAS to Apply to Medical School". U.S. News & World Report.
  3. ^ أ ب "Reviewing Residency Applications and Interviewing". The Match, National Resident Matching Program (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  4. ^ "ERAS Support Services". ECFMG (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  5. ^ Wagner, Frederick B.; Savacool, J. Woodrow (1992). "Part I: Jefferson Medical College 1866 to 1876 (pages 125-156)". Thomas Jefferson University: A Chronological History and Alumni Directory, 1824 - 1990: 154.
  6. ^ أ ب Barzansky, Barbara (2010-09-01). "Abraham Flexner and the Era of Medical Education Reform". Academic Medicine (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 85 (9): S19–S25. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181f12bd1. ISSN 1040-2446. PMID 20736546.
  7. ^ Kassebaum, D. G. (1992-02-01). "Origin of the LCME, the AAMC-AMA partnership for accreditation". Academic Medicine (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 67 (2): 85–7. doi:10.1097/00001888-199202000-00005. ISSN 1040-2446. PMID 1547000. S2CID 21840951.
  8. ^ "Accommodations update FAQ".
  9. ^ "AAMC creates database". Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  10. ^ "Online learning during COVID-19". Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  11. ^ Rabin, Roni Caryn (2020-08-07). "Want to Be a Doctor? Take Your Chances in a Closed Room With Strangers". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-04-23.
  12. ^ "AAMC Responds to Lawmakers' Concerns About In-Person MCAT". www.medpagetoday.com (in الإنجليزية). 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2021-04-23.
  13. ^ "AAMC renames prestigious Abraham Flexner award in light of racist and sexist writings". Retrieved 2022-08-13.
  14. ^ "Abraham Flexner: Academic Medicine's Favorite Scapegoat". Retrieved 2022-08-13.
  15. ^ "STUDIOS Architecture Association of American Medical Colleges". studios.com. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  16. ^ أ ب "About the AAMC". www.aamc.org. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
  17. ^ "Joseph E. Kerschner, MD, Named Chair-elect". Medical College of Wisconsin. Retrieved 2020-04-14.
  18. ^ "Association of American Medical Colleges". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  19. ^ "The Association of American Medical Colleges". CrowdCompass (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2020-07-06.
  20. ^ "Keck student named to AAMC governing board". HSC News. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
  21. ^ أ ب "David Skorton joins AAMC Board of Directors". Cornell Chronicle (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  22. ^ أ ب ت "American Association of Medical Colleges". C-Span. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  23. ^ "Role of IAMSE in the Council of Academic Societies: Report from the Spring 2005 CAS Meeting". IAMSE. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  24. ^ "Teaching Status". AHD. Retrieved 2020-06-22.
  25. ^ "Dr. Janis Orlowski to present lecture". Michigan Medicine Headlines (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2020-06-22.
  26. ^ "Dean Hedges is re-elected to national leadership role on the AAMC Council of (medical school) Deans". John A. Burns School of Medicine (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2017-04-03. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
  27. ^ Gooch, Kelly (20 January 2022). "AAMC, AAHC to merge". www.beckershospitalreview.com (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  28. ^ Muoio, Dave (January 20, 2022). "Nonprofits AAMC, AAHC say their April 1 merger will 'amplify' academic medicine". Fierce Healthcare. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  29. ^ أ ب Pigg, Trey; Kroopnick, Marc (April 2015). "Evolution of the MCAT". Academic Medicine. 90 (4): 541. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000000660. PMID 25650823. S2CID 9050713. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
  30. ^ أ ب Roberts, Laura Weiss (March 2020). "The New MCAT Exam". Academic Medicine. 95 (3): 323–326. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000003123. PMID 32097142. S2CID 211522558. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
  31. ^ أ ب "About the MCAT Exam". The Princeton Review. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  32. ^ أ ب ت Mitchell, Karen (2016). "The New Medical College Admission Test: Implications for Teaching Psychology". Am. Psychol. 71 (2): 125–135. doi:10.1037/a0039975. PMC 5561549. PMID 26866988.
  33. ^ "Why the MCAT Is Harder Than a Typical College Exam". U.S. News. 9 April 2018.
  34. ^ أ ب "Guide to Your Med School Application". Princeton Review (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2020-05-27.
  35. ^ أ ب "ERAS Support Services at ECFMG". ECFMG. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  36. ^ "Audit of Federal Awards Performed". 2018-06-30.
  37. ^ أ ب "Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  38. ^ أ ب "Arizona Primary Care Physician Workforce Report". crh.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  39. ^ أ ب "Texas Among Best in Keeping Medical Students, Residents Practicing In-State, Report Shows".
  40. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions - Applying to Med School". www.swarthmore.edu (in الإنجليزية). 2014-07-08. Retrieved 2020-06-11.
  41. ^ Eck, Matt (2021-11-05). "The Eck's Factor: Money makes the medical world go white". Daily Trojan (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2023-11-09.
  42. ^ Eck, Matt (2021-11-05). "The Eck's Factor: Money makes the medical world go white". Daily Trojan (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2023-11-09.
  43. ^ "More medical students than ever". FierceHealthcare (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2020-05-05.
  44. ^ أ ب "Association of American Medical Colleges". Association of Women Surgeons. Retrieved 2020-05-05.
  45. ^ "Physician shortage". FierceHealthcare (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2020-05-05.
  46. ^ "AAMC Report: Recommendations for Physician Financial Relationships and Clinical Decision Making". Policy & Medicine (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 5 May 2018. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
  47. ^ "Association of American Medical Colleges Archives 1938-1966". U.S. National Library of Medicine.

External links

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