گوراجده
گوراجده | |
|---|---|
| Grad Goražde مدينة گوراجده | |
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 الشعار | |
 Location of Goražde within Bosnia and Herzegovina. | |
  گوراجده Location of Goražde | |
| الإحداثيات: 43°40′N 18°59′E / 43.667°N 18.983°E | |
| البلد |  البوسنة والهرسك |
| الكانتون | كانتون پودرينيه البوسنية |
| الحكومة | |
| • العمدة | Muhamed Ramović (مستقل) |
| المساحة | |
| • City | 248٫8 كم² (96٫1 ميل²) |
| • الحضر | 238 كم² (92 ميل²) |
| المنسوب | 345 m (1٬132 ft) |
| التعداد (2013 census) | |
| • City | 20٬897 |
| • Urban | 12٬512 |
| • الكثافة الحضرية | 52٬571/km2 (136٬160/sq mi) |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 73000 |
| مفتاح الهاتف | (+387) 38 |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
گوراجده تـُنطق [ɡǒraʒde]) هي مدينة ومركز اداري لـ كانتون پودرينيه البوسنية في اتحاد البوسنة والهرسك، الذي هو أحد كيانين يشكلان البوسنة والهرسك. وتقع على ضفاف نهر درينا. وفي 2013، بلغ تعداد المدينة 20,897 نسمة.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
الموقع
Goražde is situated on the banks of the River Drina in South East Bosnia (see maps). The city lies at the foot of the eastern slope of mountain Jahorina at a height of 345 m (1,132 ft) above sea level. The settlement is situated on the alluvial terrace in a broad valley, formed by the erosion of the River Drina. The valley is bordered on the South-East by Biserna (701 m [2,300 ft]), on the South by Samari (696 m [2,283 ft]), on the South-West by Misjak (618 m [2,028 ft]), on the West by Gubavica (410 m (1,345 ft)) and on the North by Povrsnica (420 m [1,378 ft]).
The River Drina flows between these and some other hills. Its valley, which, since ancient times it has been part of the route going from the sea to the mainland (Dubrovnik–Trebinje–Gacko–Foča–the Drina valley), is the principal traffic artery in the south-eastern region of Bosnia. At Goražde this road meets another coming from Sarajevo and central Bosnia via the Jabuka Mountain pass down to the Drina valley and preceding on to Plevlje.
التاريخ
العصور الوسطى
الحرب البوسنية
From 1992 to 1995 during the Bosnian War, Goražde was one of six Bosniak enclaves, along with Srebrenica and Žepa, surrounded and besieged by the Bosnian Serb Army. In April 1993 it was made into a United Nations Safe Area in which the United Nations was supposed to deter attacks on the civilian population.[1] Between March 30 and April 23, 1994, the Serbs launched a major offensive against the town. After air strikes against Serb tanks and outposts and a NATO ultimatum, Serbian forces agreed to withdraw their artillery and armored vehicles 20 km (12 mi) from the town.[2] In 1995 it was again targeted by the Bosnian Serbs, who ignored the ultimatum and launched an attack on UN guard posts. Around 350 UN servicemen were taken hostage but the remaining men from the Royal Welch Fusiliers who were already stationed there and reinforcement Bosniak troops prevented the Bosnian Serbs from taking over the town. It avoided the fate of Srebrenica, where the Bosnian Serbs continued on to after the failed attempt.[3]
بعد التفاوض على اتفاقيات ديتون، تم تأسيس رواق أرضي بين گوراجده والاتحاد.
التجمعات السكنية
الديمغرافيا
According to the 2013 census results, the city has 20,897 inhabitants.
الجماعات العرقية
التركيب العرقي للمدينة:
| التركيب العرقي | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| السنة | صرب | % | بشناق | % | كروات | % | يوغسلاڤ | % | غيرهم | % | إجمالي | ||
| 1961 | 9,569 | 30.57% | 19,305 | 61.67% | 314 | 1.00% | 1,501 | 4.80% | 614 | 1.96% | 31,303 | ||
| 1971 | 9.293 | 26.79% | 24,544 | 70.76% | 179 | 0.51% | 168 | 0.48% | 501 | 1.46% | 34,685 | ||
| 1981 | 9,107 | 24.66% | 25,142 | 68.09% | 99 | 0.27% | 2,017 | 5.46% | 559 | 1.51% | 36,924 | ||
| 1991 | 9,844 | 26.25% | 26,316 | 70.17% | 83 | 0.22% | 776 | 2.07% | 486 | 1.30% | 37,505 | ||
| 2013 | 707 | 3.38% | 19,692 | 94.23% | 23 | 0.11% | 0.00 | 0.00% | 393 | 1.88% | 20,897 | ||
المناخ
| Climate data for گوراجده (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.2 (63.0) |
21.2 (70.2) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.2 (88.2) |
34.2 (93.6) |
35.8 (96.4) |
38.2 (100.8) |
38.2 (100.8) |
34.8 (94.6) |
30.5 (86.9) |
26.0 (78.8) |
20.6 (69.1) |
38.2 (100.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) |
7.0 (44.6) |
12.5 (54.5) |
17.0 (62.6) |
22.1 (71.8) |
25.0 (77.0) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.4 (81.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
9.5 (49.1) |
3.4 (38.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.0 (66.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
15.4 (59.7) |
10.3 (50.5) |
5.0 (41.0) |
0.4 (32.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.7 (23.5) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
3.2 (37.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
11.1 (52.0) |
12.3 (54.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
9.6 (49.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
4.3 (39.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −23.5 (−10.3) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
0.0 (32.0) |
4.5 (40.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−16.0 (3.2) |
−19.0 (−2.2) |
−23.5 (−10.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 55.2 (2.17) |
52.9 (2.08) |
51.6 (2.03) |
66.9 (2.63) |
70.6 (2.78) |
80.0 (3.15) |
63.1 (2.48) |
67.2 (2.65) |
68.2 (2.69) |
67.8 (2.67) |
85.1 (3.35) |
71.6 (2.82) |
800.0 (31.50) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.7 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 11.2 | 12.7 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 11.0 | 11.8 | 123.2 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 17.0 | 11.9 | 3.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 12.7 | 48.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 89.7 | 87.2 | 83.7 | 80.7 | 80.1 | 80.5 | 79.3 | 80.6 | 83.6 | 87.7 | 89.1 | 90.4 | 84.4 |
| Source: Meteorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina[4] | |||||||||||||
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العلاقات الدولية
البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة
گوراجده متوأمة مع:
Şahinbey، تركيا.- كجي‌أورن، تركيا.
- گونگورن، تركيا.
متمان، ألمانيا.- گرا، ألمانيا.
Saint Brieuc، فرنسا.
Sesto San Giovanni، إيطاليا.
مراغه، إيران[5]
أشخاص بارزون
- Admir Raščić, football player
- János Vitéz, Danubian humanist, Cardinal Archbishop of Esztergom, Primate of Hungary and Bishop of Várad (1445–1465)
- Isak Samokovlija, writer
- Miroslav Radović, football player
- Anabela Atijas, singer
- Kasim Kamenica, handball player and coach
- Džejla Ramović, singer
- Stjepan Vukčić Kosača, last King of Bosnia
- Rade Jovanović, folksong collector and composer
- Elvir Laković Laka, singer
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ Sophie Haspeslagh. "The Bosnian 'Safe Havens'" (PDF). Beyondtractabiliity.org. Retrieved 2013-11-23.
- ^ Regan Richard (1996). Just war: principles and cases. CUA Press, p. 203. ISBN 0-8132-0856-4
- ^ "Fusiliers' battle to save Bosnians". BBC. 5 December 2002.
- ^ "Meteorlogical data for station Goražde in period 1961–1990". Meteorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
- ^ "Načelnik Upriličio Prijem Za Goste Iz Irana". Gorazde.ba. 2009-07-22. Retrieved 2013-11-23.
