گوانگجو غوانغجو Gwangju
گوانگجو
광주시 Gwangju | |
---|---|
Gwangju Metropolitan City | |
الترجمة اللفظية بالـ | |
• هانگول | 광주광역시 |
• هانجا | 光州廣域市 |
• الرومنة المعدلة | Gwangju-gwangyeoksi |
• مكيون-رايشاور | Kwangju-kwangyŏksi |
الإحداثيات: 35°09′55″N 126°50′55″E / 35.16528°N 126.84861°E | |
البلد | كوريا الجنوبية |
المنطقة | هونام |
الأحياء | 5 |
الحكومة | |
• العمدة | Yoon Jang-hyeon[1] |
المساحة | |
• الإجمالي | 501٫24 كم² (193٫53 ميل²) |
التعداد (October, 2014[2]) | |
• الإجمالي | 1٬477٬780 |
• الكثافة | 2٬900/km2 (7٬600/sq mi) |
• اللهجة | Jeolla |
الزهرة | Royal Azalea |
الشجرة | Ginkgo |
الطائر | حمامة |
GDP | US$ 36.7 billion [3] |
GDP per capita | US$ 24,520 [3] |
الموقع الإلكتروني | gwangju.go.kr |
گوانگجو/غوانغجو (النطق الكوري: [kwaŋdʑu]؛ إنگليزية: Gwangju) هي سادس أكبر مدينة في كوريا الجنوبية. It is a designated مدينة عمرانية تحت الاشراف المباشرة لوزير الداخلية المركزي. كما كانت المدينة عاصمة مقاطعة South Jeolla حتى انتقل مقر المقاطعة إلى القرية الجنوبية نمك في Muan County في 2005.
گوانگ (광, الحرف الصيني: 光) يعني "نور" و جو (주، الحرف الصيني: 州) وتعني "مقاطعة". Areas of scenery along the outskirts of the city gave birth to gasa, a form of Korean classical poetry.[بحاجة لمصدر] وتقع في قلب منطقة جولا الزراعية، كما تشتهر المدينة بمطبخها الثري والمتنوع.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
التاريخ
The city was established in 57 BC. It was one of the administrative centres of Baekje during the Three Kingdoms Period.[4]
في 1929، أثناء فترة الحكم الياباني، نشبت مواجهة بين الطلبة الكوريين والطلبة اليابانيين في المدينة وتحولت إلى مظاهرة إقليمية، بلغت أوجها في واحدة من أكبر الانتفاضات التي عمت كوريا ضد الحكم الياباني أثناء الفترة الاستعمارية.
The modern industry was established in Gwangju with the construction of a railway to Seoul. Some of the industries that took hold include cotton textiles, rice mills and breweries. Construction of a designated industrial zone in 1967 encouraged growth in industry, especially in the sectors linked to the automobile industry.
In May 1980, peaceful demonstrations took place in Gwangju against Chun Doo-hwan, leader of the military coup d'état of 12 December 1979. The demonstrations were suppressed by military forces, including elite units of the Special Operations Command. The situation escalated after a violent crackdown, resulting in the Gwangju Uprising, where civilians raided armories and armed themselves. By the time the uprising was suppressed 9 days later, many hundreds of civilians and several police forces / soldiers were dead. After civilian rule was reinstated in 1987, a national cemetery was established to honor the victims of the incident.[5]
In 1986, Gwangju separated from South Jeolla Province to become a Directly Governed City (Jikhalsi), and then became a Metropolitan City (Gwangyeoksi) in 1995.[6]
Due to a variety of factors, including the ancient rivalry between Baekje and Silla, as well as the biased priority given to the Gyeongsang region by political leaders in the 2nd half of the 20th century, Gwangju has a long history of voting for left-leaning politicians and is the main stronghold for the liberal Democratic Party of Korea along with its predecessors, as well as the progressive Justice Party.
Gwangju held many sports events such as 2002 FIFA World Cup, 2015 Summer Universiade, 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
التقسيمات الادارية
گوانگجو تنقسم إلى خمسة أقسام ("Gu").
الخريطة | الاسم | بالكورية | هانجا | |
---|---|---|---|---|
القسم | ||||
Buk District | 북구 | 北區 | ||
Dong District | 동구 | 東區 | ||
Gwangsan District | 광산구 | 光山區 | ||
Nam District | 남구 | 南區 | ||
Seo District | 서구 | 西區 |
الديانات
التعداد
نموذج تعداد گوانگجو هو كما يلي؛[8]
السنة | التعداد | |
---|---|---|
1960 | 409,283 | |
1966 | 532,235 | |
1970 | 622,755 | |
1975 | 737,283 | |
1980 | 856,545 | |
1985 | 1,042,508 | |
1990 | 1,139,003 | |
1995 | 1,257,636 | |
2000 | 1,352,797 | |
2005 | 1,417,716 | |
2010 | 1,475,745 |
المناخ
Climate data for گوانگجو (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
13.0 (55.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
24.3 (75.7) |
27.5 (81.5) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.7 (87.3) |
26.9 (80.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
14.6 (58.3) |
8.1 (46.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) |
2.5 (36.5) |
7.0 (44.6) |
13.2 (55.8) |
18.3 (64.9) |
22.4 (72.3) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
15.8 (60.4) |
9.1 (48.4) |
3.1 (37.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
2.1 (35.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
13.0 (55.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.8 (73.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
4.5 (40.1) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 37.1 (1.46) |
47.9 (1.89) |
60.8 (2.39) |
80.7 (3.18) |
96.6 (3.80) |
181.5 (7.15) |
308.9 (12.16) |
297.8 (11.72) |
150.5 (5.93) |
46.8 (1.84) |
48.8 (1.92) |
33.5 (1.32) |
1٬391 (54.76) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.0 | 9.0 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 10.7 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 9.8 | 6.8 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 124.4 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 67.7 | 65.2 | 62.9 | 61.9 | 66.4 | 72.8 | 80.0 | 78.1 | 74.3 | 68.4 | 68.1 | 68.8 | 69.5 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 159.9 | 164.6 | 192.0 | 213.0 | 222.8 | 169.2 | 145.4 | 172.6 | 172.3 | 205.2 | 163.6 | 155.9 | 2٬136٫3 |
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[9] |
العلاقات الدولية
البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة
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شراكات وتعاون
Other forms of partnership and city friendship similar to the twin city programmes exist:
انظر أيضاً
- About Gwangju
- قوائم عامة
الهامش
- ^ "Welcome". Gwangju Metropolitan City.
- ^ [1]
- ^ أ ب "Global city GDP 2014". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
- ^ "The History of Gwangju".
- ^ "May 18th Democratic Uprising". Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>
غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةauto
- ^ 2005 Census - Religion Results
- ^ National Statistical Office of South Korea
- ^ "평년값자료(1981–2010) 광주(156)". Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2011-05-28.
- ^ Gwangju Sister Cities
- ^ Pessotto, Lorenzo. "International Affairs - Twinnings and Agreements". International Affairs Service in cooperation with Servizio Telematico Pubblico. City of Torino. Archived from the original on 2013-06-18. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
وصلات خاصة
- Official website of Gwangju
- Gwangju News Online: the latest news and views about life around town
- The 18 May Memorial Foundation
- Gwangju :Official Site of Korea Tourism Org
- Gwangju International Center
- Gwangju Guidebook
- Gwangju Foreign Network – Radio Station in English for Gwangju
- Local events guide for Gwangju
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Coordinates on Wikidata
- Articles containing إنگليزية-language text
- Pages using Lang-xx templates
- Articles with unsourced statements from November 2008
- Pages using image label with a wide image
- Pages using image label with a tall image
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- گوانگجو
- تأسيسات عقد 50 ق.م.
- 57 ق.م.
- مدن خاصة ومدن عمرانية في كوريا الجنوبية
- صفحات مع الخرائط