يونس بك يفكيروف

كولونيل عام

يونس بك يفكيروف
Юнус-Бек Евкуров
Official portrait of Yunus-bek Yevkurov.jpg
صورة رسمية، 2019
نائب وزير الدفاع
تولى المنصب
8 يوليو 2019
الرئيسفلاديمير بوتين
رئيس الوزراءديمتري ميدفيديف
ميخائيل ميشوستين
وزيرسيرغي شويغو
رئيس إنگوشتيا الثالث
في المنصب
31 أكتوبر 2008 – 26 يونيو 2019
رئيس الوزراء
سبقهمراد زيازيكوف
خلـَفهمحمود علي كاليماتوف
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد23 يوليو 1963 (العمر 61 سنة)
تارسكوي، جمهورية أوسيتيا الشمالية السوفيتية، الإتحاد السوفيتي, الاتحاد السوفياتي (الآن أوسيتيا الشمالية، روسيا الإتحادية)
الحزبروسيا الإتحادية
الزوجماريتا يفكوروفا[1]
الأنجال5
المهنةضابط عسركي، سياسي
الجوائزبطل روسيا الإتحادية
وسام الاستحقاق العسكري
وسام النجمة الحمراء
ميدالية الشجاعة (2)
الخدمة العسكرية
الولاءالاتحاد السوڤيتي الإتحاد السوفيتي
روسيا روسيا
الفرع/الخدمةالقوات المحمولة جوا الروسية
سنوات الخدمة1982– حتى الآن
الرتبةكولونيل عام
المعارك/الحروبحرب الشيشان الأولى
حرب كوسوفو
حرب الشيشان الثانية
recorded June 2013

يونس بك يفكيروف Yunus-bek Bamatgireyevich Yevkurov (روسية: Юну́с-Бек Баматгире́евич Евку́ров; Ingush: Е́вкурнаь́къан Ба́матгири Ю́нусбек; وُلد 23 يوليو 1963) جنرال وسياسي روسي، كان رئيساً لجمهورية إنگوشتيا الروسية، في الفترة من 31 أكتوبر 2008 إلى 24 يونيو 2019.[2][3]كما أنه عسكري كبير ومظلي، شارك في العديد من الصراعات التي لعبت فيها روسيا دوراً رئيسياً، بما في ذلك كوسوفو (1999) و الشيشان.[1] وفي 22 يونيو 2009، أصيب يفكوروف بجروح خطيرة إثر هجوم بسيارة مفخخة على موكبه في مدينة نزران.

وخلال توليهمنصب رئيس إنگوشتيا، ادعى يفكوروف أنه نجح في ضبط الجريمة وإحداث تغييرات اجتماعية إيجابية داخل الجمهورية الروسية.[4] لكن منذ سبتمبر 2018، واجه معارضة في الداخل، في أعقاب اتفاقية الحدود بين الشيشان وإنغوشيا 2018 التي وقعها مع جمهورية الشيشان المجاورة.[5]

في 8 يوليو 2019 عينه الرئيس بوتين في منصب نائب وزير الدفاع.[6]

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الحياة المبكرة

ينحدر يفكوروف، من عرقية إنگوش،[2][7]ولد في 23 يوليو 1963 لعائلة فلاحية مكونة من 12 طفلاً، خمس أخوات وستة إخوة. وتخرج من نفس المدرسة التي أصبحت فيما بعد مسرحا لـمذبحة بيسلان.[8]


الخدمة العسكرية

انضم يفكوروف للجيش السوفيتي عام 1982، وخدم في المشاة البحرية في أسطول المحيط الهادئ. وفي 1989 تخرج من مدرسة القيادة العليا المحمولة جواً لحرس ريازان. وأكمل يفكوروف تعليمه العسكري، وتخرج من أكاديمية فرونزي العسكرية في عام 1997 ومن أكاديمية الأركان العامة في عام 2004.[7]

في يونيو 1999، تمركز يفكوروف في بلدة أوجليفيك البوسنية مع قوات حفظ السلام الروسية تحت رعاية قوة تثبيت الاستقرار. وفي 12 يونيو، قاد فرقة عمل في مسيرة سريعة بطول 500 كيلومتر، تهدف إلى تأمين مطار بريشتينا الدولي أمام قوات الناتو، وبالتالي ضمان الوجود الروسي في كوسوفو بعد عملية قصف الناتو ليوغوسلافيا. وأدت هذه العملية إلى مواجهة مع قوات الناتو.[9]

كما شغل يفكوروف مناصب قيادية مختلفة داخل القوات الروسية المحمولة جواً وشارك في عمليات مكافحة الإرهاب في شمال القوقاز. أثناء حرب الشيشان الثانية عام 2000، إذ كان يقود فوج الحرس 217 المحمول جواً.[7] وخلال قيامه بمهمة استطلاعية، اكتشف فريق يفكوروف منزلاً كان محتجزاً فيه مجموعة من الجنود الروس الأسرى. وبعد تحييد الحراس والتسلل إلى المبنى، حاصر الفريق تعزيزات شيشانية، مما أدى إلى اشتباك مسلح. في النهاية تمكنت القوات الروسية من اختراق الحصار بينما كان يفكوروف يوفر الغطاء لإجلاء الجرحى. وخلال العملية حمل بنفسه جنديا إلى بر الأمان على الرغم من أنه كان متعرضاً للإصابة.[10] وجرى إنقاذ اثني عشر جندي أسير.[7] في 13 أبريل 2000، مُنح يفكوروف، وسام بطل روسيا الاتحادية، وهو أعلى لقب شرفي في البلاد.[2][7] وفي عام 2004، عُين يفكوروف نائباً لرئيس مديرية المخابرات في "منطقة فولغا-الأورال العسكرية".[7]

Political career

Yevkurov at a mosque in Ingushetia on 14 July 2018
Yevkurov and Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov in September 2018

On 30 October 2008, Yevkurov replaced the highly unpopular Murat Zyazikov as the head of Ingushetia. Zyazikov's dismissal and Yevkurov's appointment were received with much enthusiasm from the Ingush population.[9][10]

Assassination attempt

On 22 June 2009, Yevkurov was seriously injured following a car-bomb attack on his motorcade in the city of Nazran at roughly 08:20 local time (04:20 GMT). In the incident, a Toyota Camry filled with explosives[11] rammed the Yevkurov's convoy in what is believed to be a suicide bomb attack.[12] One escorting policeman died on the spot; Yevkurov's driver and cousin Ramzan died a few days later in a hospital. Yevkurov's brother Uvais was among the injured.[12] Yevkurov suffered a ruptured liver, a severe concussion, and several cracked ribs, but was expected to survive following surgery.[13] Yevkurov was then airlifted to a hospital in Moscow and was sent to intensive care with damage to his skull and internal organs, according to the New York Times.[بحاجة لمصدر]

Though no group has yet claimed responsibility, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev accused Islamist militants of carrying out the attack, condemning the "terrorist attack".[14] Speaking on Russian television, Medvedev claimed that Yevkurov "did a lot to restore order ... and the bandits obviously didn't like that kind of activity".[13] Russian news agency RIAN, quoting an unnamed Kremlin source, reported that executive authority in Ingushetia has been temporarily transferred to the prime minister, Rashid Gaisanov, who became acting Head by Russian presidential decree.[15] The source claimed that "President Medvedev authorized Gaysanov to take operative management of the republic, and he has all the required authority for that".[16] Gaisanov remained the acting head of Ingushetia until Yevkurov returned to office.

The attack followed other attacks on republic officials in June 2009. On 10 June, the deputy chief justice of the Ingushetian Supreme Court, Aza Gazgireyeva, was gunned down in Nazran shortly after dropping her children off at school,[12] and on 13 June the former deputy prime minister, Bashir Aushev, was shot dead outside his home.[17]

After the attack, Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov claimed the Kremlin had ordered him to fight insurgents in Ingushetia, and during his subsequent visit to Ingushetia on 24 June pledged to revenge ruthlessly.[18] On 4 July, a convoy of Chechen troops sent by Kadyrov into Ingushetia in response to the suicide bombing was ambushed by militants. The attack caused nine Chechen deaths, with 10 others severely wounded.[19]

On 9 July, Ingushetia's Interior Ministry announced the arrest of several suspects, including the Chechen rebel commander Rustaman Makhauri, allegedly involved in the attack on Yevkurov.[20]

Yevkurov regained consciousness from a coma two weeks after the attack.[15] Yevkurov was released from the hospital in Moscow on 12 August 2009, more than seven weeks after the attack, but continued to receive rehabilitation.[21] Speaking to reports upon leaving the hospital, Yevkurov warned that "those who refuse to lay down their arms and surrender will be killed."[21]

By September, 2009, Yevkurov had returned to his position of head of the republic.[22]

Till resignation

In July 2013, he announced his own resignation following the upcoming elections to the Ingush presidency, though he remained the acting head until the elections.[23]

He was re-elected in the 2013 Ingush Head election.[24] In the 2018 Russian gubernatorial elections, he was re-elected as the Head of the Republic by 26 out of 32 members of the People's Assembly of the Republic of Ingushetia.[25]

Yevkurov (far left), Putin, Kadyrov and Turkish President Erdoğan during the opening of Moscow's Cathedral Mosque on 23 September 2015

Yevkurov stepped down from his position permanently on 24 June 2019 after months of controversy over the land swap agreement with Chechnya signed in September 2018.[26][27]

Relations to religious authorities of Ingushetia

Yevkurov had a decade-old spat with Ingushetian religious leadership from his appointment until he was excommunicated by the local Muftiate in 2018. Accordingly to The Muslim Spiritual Center of Ingushetia he is no longer being able to participate in their wedding or funeral ceremonies. Yevkurov decided to legalize the republic's non-violent Salafist community and include their mosques into the Muftiate. Ingushetian official religious leaders traditionally follow the Qadiria and Naqshbandia schools of Sufism. He also banned building a new mosque in Magas and ordered that all sermons in the republic's mosques be video recorded for later review.[28]

Defence Ministry role

Yevkurov, Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu and Moscow Mayor Sergey Sobyanin inspect a facility where mobilized Russian recruits were trained on 1 October 2022
Lieutenant general Yevkurov as a Deputy Defence Minister

Yevkurov was appointed as a Deputy Defence Minister by a decree of President Vladimir Putin on 8 July 2019, also being promoted to lieutenant general.[6] On 8 December 2021, he was further promoted to the rank of colonel general.[29]

During the 2023 Wagner Group mutiny, Yevkurov was in Rostov-on-Don when Yevgeny Prigozhin's forces reached the city. Subsequently, Prigozhin published a Telegram video of him meeting with Yevkurov and Deputy Chief of Staff Vladimir Alexeyev and criticizing the actions of Russian military leadership.[30]

Afterwards, Belarus president Lukashenko praised him (together with Alexander Bortnikov) for mediating the end of the rebellion.[31]

In August 2023, a Russian delegation led by Yevkurov met with Burkina Faso leader Ibrahim Traoré, along with other Burkinabe military offiials, to discuss a Russian-Burkinabe military cooperation.[32]


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Sanctions

Yevkurov has been sanctioned and put under restrictive measures by various countries, including the US, the EU, the UK government, New Zealand, Canada, Ukraine, Australia, and Japan.[33][34][35][36][37][38][39]

Personal life

Yevkurov married Mareta on 23 December 2007.[1] They are parents of five children.[40] Their first son was born on 1 November 2008.[1] His nephew Captain Adam Khamkhoev was a commander of an airborne assault company and died on 21 May 2022 during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[41]

Honours and awards

References

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث "Евкуров, Юнус-Бек". Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  2. ^ أ ب ت "Russia Backs Soldier To Quell Violent Ingushetia Region". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 31 October 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2008.
  3. ^ "Soldier to run restive Ingushetia". BBC News. 31 October 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ "Head of Ingushetia sums up results of three years - Vestnik Kavkaza". vestnikkavkaza.net. 17 May 2010. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  5. ^ "Turmoil in Ingushetia as protests re-erupt and interior minister 'sacked'". OC Media. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  6. ^ أ ب "Ingushetia's Former Head Becomes Russian Deputy Defense Minister". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Герой России Евкуров Юнус-бек Баматгиреевич (in الروسية). warheroes.ru. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  8. ^ Евкуров прибыл в Ингушетию (in الروسية). life.ru. 31 October 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  9. ^ أ ب "Yevkurov Gets Nod in Ingushetia". The Moscow Times. 1 November 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  10. ^ أ ب Предки нового главы Ингушетии много воевали за Россию (in الروسية). Komsomolskaya Pravda. 1 November 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2008.
  11. ^ Levy, Clifford J. (22 June 2009). "President of Ingushetia Is Wounded in Suicide Bombing". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
  12. ^ أ ب ت "Attack on Russian regional leader". BBC News. 22 June 2009.
  13. ^ أ ب "Leading Russian survives assassination attempt". CNN. 22 June 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ Harding, Luke (22 June 2009). "Ingushetia president survives assassination attempt". The Guardian. London.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ أ ب "Ingush president regains consciousness after attack". RIA Novosti. GlobalSecurity.org. 3 July 2009. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
  16. ^ "Gaysanov will manage the republic that long, as will be needed". RIA Novosti (in الروسية). 22 June 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ^ "Another Killing in Region Bordering Chechnya". The New York Times. Associated Press. 10 June 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  18. ^ "Russia's Kadyrov vows revenge for Ingushetia bombing". Reuters. 24 June 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ^ "Nine Chechen police killed in Russia's Ingushetia". Reuters. 4 July 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ Suspects Arrested In Attack On Ingushetian President. RFE/RL. 9 July 2009
  21. ^ أ ب "Ingushetian Cabinet Member Assassinated". BBC News. 12 August 2009. Retrieved 12 August 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  22. ^ "The peaceful exception". The Economist. Retrieved 30 April 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ^ "Ingush Leader Resigns, Signals Reelection Bid". RIA Novosti. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2014.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  24. ^ "Yevkurov Reelected President of Ingushetia". The Moscow Times. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ^ Евкуров переизбран главой Ингушетии на третий срок
  26. ^ "Head of Russia's Ingushetia Resigns Following Months of Border Deal Unrest". The Moscow Times. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ^ "Head of Russia's Volatile Ingushetia Region Resigns Amid Border-Deal Tensions With Chechnya". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ^ "Local Muslim Spiritual Leaders Excommunicate Head of Ingushetia". Jamestown.
  29. ^ "Путин присвоил экс-главе Ингушетии Евкурову звание генерал-полковника". RBC Group (in Russian). 8 December 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  30. ^ "'We're saving Russia' In a meeting with military leaders, Yevgeny Prigozhin demanded respect. Read the transcript". Meduza. 24 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  31. ^ [1]
  32. ^ "Burkina Faso says leader discussed possible military cooperation with Russian delegation". Reuters (in الإنجليزية). 2023-08-31. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  33. ^ "CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK" (PDF). Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  34. ^ "Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1906 of 6 October 2022 implementing Regulation (EU) No 269/2014 concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine". 6 October 2022.
  35. ^ New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. "Russia Sanctions Register". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2023-06-24.
  36. ^ Canada, Global Affairs (2015-10-19). "Consolidated Canadian Autonomous Sanctions List". GAC. Retrieved 2023-06-24.
  37. ^ "EVKUROV Yunus-Bek Bamatgireyevich - biography, dossier, assets | War and sanctions". sanctions.nazk.gov.ua (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2023-06-24.
  38. ^ Australian Government - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. "Australia and Sanctions".
  39. ^ "ウクライナ情勢に関する外国為替及び外国貿易法に基づく措置について" [Regarding measures based on the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law regarding the situation in Ukraine] (PDF). Retrieved June 24, 2023.
  40. ^ "Yunus-Bek Evkurov". Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. Retrieved 2021-03-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  41. ^ «Фортанга»: в Украине погиб племянник замминистра обороны РФ Юнус-Бека Евкурова

قالب:Heads of the Republic of Ingushetia

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