يوسف سولومون دل مديگو
يوسف سولومون دل مديگو (Joseph Solomon Delmedigo أو Del Medigo)، وعـُرِف أيضاً بإسم Yashar Mi-Qandia (بالعبرية: יש"ר מקנדיא) (16 June 1591 – 16 October 1655), was a rabbi, author, physician, mathematician, and music theorist.[1]
Born in Candia, Crete, a descendant of Elia del Medigo, he moved to Padua, Italy, studying medicine and taking classes with Galileo in astronomy. After graduating in 1613 he moved to Venice and spent a year in the company of Leon de Modena and Simone Luzzatto. From Venice he went back to Candia and from there started traveling in the near East, reaching Alexandria and Cairo. There he went into a public contest in mathematics against a local mathematician. From Egypt he moved to Istanbul, there he observed the comet of 1619. After Istanbul he wandered along the Karaite communities in Eastern Europe, finally arriving at Amsterdam in 1623. He died in Prague. Yet in his lifetime wherever he sojourned he earned his living as a physician and or teacher. His only known works are Elim (Palms), dealing with mathematics, astronomy, the natural sciences, and metaphysics, as well as some letters and essays.
As Delmedigo writes in his book, he followed the lectures by Galileo Galilei, during the academic year 1609–1610, and was accorded the rare privilege of using Galileo's own telescope. In the following years he often refers to Galilei as "rabbi Galileo," an ambiguous phrase which may simply mean "my master, Galileo." (Delmedigo never calls him "our teacher and master, Rabbi Galileo," which would be the typical way of referring to an actual rabbi.) Elijah Montalto, physician of Maria de Medici, is also mentioned as one of his teachers.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
أعماله
فزع يوسف سليمان ديلميديجو لخلو منهاج الدراسة والقراءة عند اليهود من العلوم، وكان قد وفد على بولندة (1620) من إيطاليا التي ما زالت تجيش بحرارة النهضة، وكتب يقول "ها هي ذي الظلمة تغشي البلاد والجهلة كثيرون ... وهم يقولون أن الرب لا يبتهج بالسهام المشحوذة في أيدي النحاة والشعراء والمناطقة، ولا بمقاييس الرياضيين ولا بحسابات الفلكيين(62)".
وكان ديلميديجو هذا حفيداً بعيداً لأيليا ديلميديجو، الذي كان يعلم العبرية في أوساط آل مديتشي. وبدأ انحرافاته بتعلم اليونانية كما تعلم التلمود من أبيه، وكان حاخاماً في كريت، وحصل على بعض التربية العلمية في جامعة بادوا التقدمية، حيث كان جليليو معلمه المشرف على دراسته ثم امتهن الطب الذي يسر له الرزق وخلع عليه اسمه الإيطالي، ولكن العلم-لا سيما الرياضة-ظل يفتنه، وفي سبيل طلبه نفض عنه بعض إيمانه الديني، وتغيير الإهاب القديم على هذا النحو يخلف جسداً حساساً، وقد يزعزع الخلق حيناً. لذلك راح يوسف يتنقل من بلد إلى بلد مقتلع الجذور لا يستقر على حال. وانضم مؤقتاً وهو في القاهرة والآستانة إلى شيعة القرائين، وهم يهود رفضوا التقاليد والتنقيحات الكهنوتية (كالبروتستنت) وتمسكوا بالتوراة مصدراً أوحد للاهوتهم. وفي هامبورج وأمستردام وجد معلوماته الطبية أشد تخلفاً من معلومات الأطباء اليهود هناك، حتى لقد تحول في سبيل الرزق سنياً، والتحق بالحاخامية، وأخيراً دافع عن القبلانية ومات طبيباً مغموراً في براغ (1655).
نسله
Some of Delmedigo's descendants settled in Byelorussia and took on the Surname Gorodinsky (after the town of Gorodin). A member of this family, Mordechai Gorodinsky (later hebraized to Nachmani) was one of the founders of the Israeli city of Rehovot.[بحاجة لمصدر]
الهامش
- ^ Yashar is an acronym that includes both his two Hebrew initials, Yosef Shlomo, and his profession, rofe ('physician'). Yashar from Candia (יש"ר מקנדיה) is also a Hebrew pun, since Yashar means straight, as in 'the straight [man] from Candia'. The drawing (reproduced above to the right) on the frontispiece of his only printed work gives his name simply as Ioseph Del Medico 'Cretensis', or 'Joseph [of] the Physician, from Crete, Philosopher and Physician'. It is hard to determine which of the two, the family name Delmedigo on the one hand or the profession (physician), existed in the first place, giving origin to the other. The Hebrew title page to Sefer Elim gives his occupations specifically as a "complete" rabbi (shalem; this may mean that he had some sort of official smicha), philosopher, physician, and "nobleman" (aluf).
المراجع
- Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem, 1972), Vol. 5, 1477-8
- Barzilay, Isaac, Yoseph Shlomoh Delmedigo (Yashar of Candia): His Life, Work and Times, Leiden, 1974
- Langermann, Tzvi, An Alchemical Treatise Attributed to Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism Volume 13, Number 1, 2013, pp. 77-94 [1]
- Don Harrán. "Joseph Solomon Delmedigo", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed February 5, 2005), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
- Ben-Zaken, Avner (2010). "Transcending Time in the Scribal East". Cross-Cultural Scientific Exchanges in the Eastern Mediterranean 1560-1660. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 76–103.