هنتر بايدن

هنتر بايدن
Hunter Biden
R. Hunter Biden at Center for Strategic & International Studies (1).jpg
نائب رئيس المؤسسة الوطنية لنقل الركاب بالسكك الحديدية (أمتراك)
في المنصب
26 يوليو 2006 – 29 يناير 2009
الرئيسجورج و. بوش
باراك أوباما
خلـَفهدونا مكلين
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد
روبرت هنتر بايدن

4 فبراير 1970 (العمر 54 سنة)
ولمنگتون، ديلاوير، الولايات المتحدة
الحزبDemocratic
الزوج
كاثلين بول
(m. 1993; div. 2017)

مليسا كوهن
(m. 2019)
الخدنهالي بايدن (2016–2018)
الأنجال5
الوالدانجو بايدن (والده)
نيليا هنتر (والدته)
الأقاربانظر عائلة جو بايدن
التعليمجامعة جورجتاون (ب.ف.)
جامعة يل (د.ق.)
الخدمة العسكرية
الولاء الولايات المتحدة
الفرع/الخدمة البحرية الأمريكية
سنوات الخدمة2013–2014
الرتبةUS Navy O1 infobox.svg Ensign
الوحدةاحتياط البحرية الأمريكية

روبرت هنتر بايدن Robert Hunter Biden (و. 4 فبراير 1970)، هو is an American lawyer and investment advisor who is the second son of former U.S. Vice President Joe Biden. He is a founding partner of Rosemont Seneca Partners, an investment and advisory firm.

Biden served on the board of Burisma Holdings, a major Ukrainian natural gas producer, from 2014 to 2019. Biden and his father have been the subjects of debunked right-wing conspiracy theories pushed by U.S president Donald Trump and others concerning Biden business dealings and anti-corruption efforts in Ukraine.[1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

السنوات المبكرة

Biden was born on February 4, 1970[2] in Wilmington, Delaware. He is the second son of Neilia Biden (née Hunter) and Joe Biden, who served in the United States Senate from 1973 to 2009 and as Vice President of the United States from 2009 to 2017.[3] Hunter Biden's mother and younger sister Naomi were killed in an automobile crash on December 18, 1972.[4][5] Biden and his older brother Beau were also seriously injured.[3] Hunter and Beau later encouraged their father to marry again[6] and Jill Jacobs became their stepmother in 1977.[3] Biden's half-sister Ashley was born in 1981.[7]

Like his father and brother, Biden attended Catholic high school Archmere Academy in Claymont, Delaware.[3] He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in History from Georgetown University in 1992.[3] During the year after he graduated from college, he served as a Jesuit volunteer at a church in Portland, Oregon and met Kathleen Buhle, whom he married in 1993.[3] After attending Georgetown University Law Center for one year, he transferred to Yale Law School and graduated in 1996.[3]


حياته العملية

After law school, Biden accepted a position at bank holding company MBNA America, a major contributor to his father's political campaigns.[3] By 1998, Biden had risen to the rank of executive vice president[3][8] and left to serve at the United States Department of Commerce until 2001, focusing on ecommerce policy.[9] Biden became a lobbyist in 2001, co-founding the firm of Oldaker, Biden & Belair.[10] According to Adam Entous of The New Yorker, Biden and his father established a relationship in which "Biden wouldn't ask Hunter about his lobbying clients, and Hunter wouldn't tell his father about them."[3] In 2006, Biden and his uncle James Biden attempted to buy hedge-fund group Paradigm, but the deal never materialized.[3] That same year, Hunter Biden was appointed to a five-year term on the board of directors of Amtrak by President George W. Bush.[11] Biden was the board's vice chairman from July 2006 until 2009; he resigned in February 2009,[12][13] leaving both roles shortly after his father became vice president. Biden said during his father's vice presidential campaign that it was time for his lobbying activities to end.[3]

الاستثمار وجماعات الضغط

Biden is a capital investments professional with an interest in funding early-stage technology companies. Biden, Devon Archer, and Christopher Heinz founded the investment and advisory firm Rosemont Seneca in 2009.[10] He also founded venture capital firm Eudora Global.[7] He held the position of counsel in the law firm Boies Schiller Flexner LLP in 2014.[3] Biden was on the board of directors of World Food Program USA, a 501(c)(3) charity based in Washington, D.C. that supports the work of the UN World Food Programme from 2011 to 2017; he served as board chairman from 2011 to 2015.[14]

بي‌إتش‌آر پارتنرز

Founding partner Biden's Rosemont Seneca Partners investment firm, along with US-based Thornton Group LLC and two asset managers registered in China, established private equity fund BHR Partners in 2013.[15][16] The Chinese-registered asset managers are BOC International Holdings-backed Bohai Industrial Investment Fund Management and Deutsche Bank-backed Harvest Fund Management.[17] The BHR Partners fund invests Chinese venture capital into tech startups like an early stage investment in Chinese car hailing app DiDi and cross-border acquisitions, in automotive and mining, such as the purchase of a stake in Democratic Republic of Congo copper and cobalt producer Tenke Fungurume Mining.[18][19]

In September 2019, while President Trump was accusing Hunter Biden of malfeasance in Ukraine, he also falsely claimed that Biden "walk[ed] out of China with $1.5 billion in a fund" and earned "millions" of dollars from the BHR deal.[20][21] Trump publicly called upon China to investigate Hunter Biden's business activities there, while his father was vice president.[22][23] Hunter Biden announced on October 13, 2019 his resignation from the Board of Directors for BHR Partners, effective at the end of the month, citing "the barrage of false charges" by the President.[24][25] According to his lawyer, Biden had "not received any compensation for being on BHR's board of directors" nor had he received any return on his equity share in BHR.[26] Biden's lawyer George Mesires told The Washington Post that BHR Partners had been "capitalized from various sources with a total of 30 million RMB [Chinese Renminbi], or about $4.2 million, not $1.5 billion."[20]

بوريسما القابضة

Biden joined the board of one of the largest independent natural gas producers in Ukraine in April 2014,[3] Burisma Holdings, owned by Ukrainian oligarch and former politician Mykola Zlochevsky who was facing a money laundering investigation just after the Ukrainian revolution.[27][28][29] Biden was hired to help Burisma with corporate governance best practices, while still an attorney with Boies Schiller Flexner, and a consulting firm in which Biden is a partner was also retained by Burisma.[30][31][32] Chris Heinz, John Kerry's stepson, opposed his partners Devon Archer and Hunter Biden joining the board in 2014 due to the reputational risk.[28] Biden served on the board of Burisma until his term expired in April 2019,[31] receiving compensation of up to $50,000 per month in some months.[31][30] Because Vice President Biden played a major role in U.S. policy towards Ukraine, some Ukrainian anti-corruption advocates[33][34] and Obama administration officials expressed concern that Hunter Biden's having joined the board could create the appearance of a conflict of interest and undermine Vice President Biden's anti-corruption work in Ukraine.[3][28] While serving as vice president, Joe Biden joined other Western leaders in encouraging the government of Ukraine to fire the country's top prosecutor Viktor Shokin,[35][36] who was widely criticized for blocking corruption investigations.[37][38] The Ukrainian parliament voted to remove Shokin in March 2016.[39][40]

President Donald Trump and his personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani claimed in 2019, without evidence, that Vice President Biden had actually sought the dismissal of Shokin in order to protect his son and Burisma Holdings; in actuality, it was the official policy of the United States and the European Union to seek Shokin's removal.[41][33][35][42][43] There has also been no evidence produced of wrongdoing by Hunter Biden in Ukraine.[44] The Ukrainian anti-corruption investigation agency stated in September 2019 that its current investigation of Burisma was restricted solely to investigating the period from 2010 to 2012, before Hunter Biden joined Burisma in 2014.[45] Shokin in May 2019 claimed that he was fired because he had been actively investigating Burisma,[46] but U.S. and Ukrainian officials have stated that the investigation into Burisma was dormant at the time of Shokin's dismissal.[28][46][47] Ukrainian and United States State Department sources note that Shokin was fired for failing to address corruption, including within his office.[42][34][48]

In July 2019, Trump ordered the freezing of $391 million in military aid[49] shortly before a telephone conversation with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky in which Trump asked Zelensky to initiate an investigation of the Bidens.[50][51] Trump falsely told Zelensky that "[Joe] Biden went around bragging that he stopped the prosecution" of his son; Joe Biden did not stop any prosecution, did not brag about doing so, and there is no evidence his son was ever under investigation.[52] The United States House of Representatives initiated a formal impeachment inquiry on September 24, 2019 against Trump on the grounds that he may have sought to use U.S. foreign aid and the Ukrainian government to damage Joe Biden's 2020 presidential campaign.[53][54] Ukrainian prosecutor general Yuriy Lutsenko said in May 2019 that Hunter Biden had not violated Ukrainian law. After Lutsenko was replaced by Ruslan Riaboshapka as prosecutor general, Lutsenko and Riaboshapka said in September and October 2019 respectively that they had seen no evidence of wrongdoing by Hunter Biden.[35][55][56]

During 2019 and into 2020, Republican senators Ron Johnson and Chuck Grassley quietly investigated Biden's involvement with Burisma, as well as allegations that Democrats colluded with the Ukrainian government to interfere in the 2016 election. The chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee Republican senator Richard Burr privately expressed concerns to the senators that their inquiries could assist efforts by Russian intelligence to spread disinformation to disrupt American domestic affairs.[57] American intelligence officials briefed senators in late 2019 about Russian efforts to frame Ukraine for 2016 election interference.[58] Johnson said he would release findings in spring 2020, as Democrats would be selecting their 2020 presidential nominee, but instead ramped up the investigation at Trump's urging in May 2020, after it became clear Biden would be the nominee.[59][60] Trump tweeted a press report about the investigations, later stating that he would make allegations of corruption by the Bidens a central theme of his re-election campaign.[58] Johnson decided in March 2020 against issuing a subpoena for former Ukrainian official Andrii Telizhenko, a Giuliani associate who had made appearances on the pro-Trump cable channel One America News, after the FBI briefed him about concerns Telizhenko could be spreading Russian disinformation.[61] CNN reported that Vladislav Davidzon, the editor of Ukrainian magazine The Odessa Review, told CNN that in 2018 Telizhenko offered him money to lobby Republican senators in support of pro-Russian television stations in Ukraine.[62] When Johnson released the final report on the investigation, it contained no evidence that Joe Biden had pushed for Shokin's removal in order to benefit Hunter or Burisma.[63][64]

In June 2020, former Ukrainian prosecutor general Ruslan Riaboshapka stated that an audit of thousands of old case files he had ordered in October 2019 had found no wrongdoing by Hunter Biden. Riaboshapka was described by Zelensky as "100 percent my person" during the July 2019 call in which Trump asked him to investigate Biden.[65]

Ukrainian lawmaker Andrii Derkach, an associate of Rudy Giuliani with links to Russian intelligence, released in May 2020 alleged snippets of recordings of Joe Biden speaking with Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko during the years Hunter Biden worked for Burisma.[66] The recordings, which were not verified as authentic and appeared heavily edited, depicted Biden linking loan guarantees for Ukraine to the ouster of the country's prosecutor general. The recordings did not provide evidence to support the ongoing conspiracy theory that Biden wanted the prosecutor fired to protect his son.[67] Poroshenko denied in June 2020 that Joe Biden ever approached him about Burisma.[68][69] The United States Department of the Treasury sanctioned Derkach in September 2020, stating he "has been an active Russian agent for over a decade, maintaining close connections with the Russian Intelligence Services." The Treasury Department added Derkach "waged a covert influence campaign centered on cultivating false and unsubstantiated narratives concerning U.S. officials in the upcoming 2020 Presidential Election" including by the release of "edited audio tapes and other unsupported information with the intent to discredit U.S. officials."[70][71]

Two Republicans on a Senate investigation committee in 2020 claimed that Russian businessperson Yelena Baturina, the wife of former Moscow mayor Yury Luzhkov, wire-transferred $3.5 million in 2014 to an investment firm linked to Hunter Biden. The report cited unspecified confidential documents. The report gives no indication that Hunter Biden personally accepted the funds.[72] Biden's attorney denied the report, saying Biden had no financial relationship with the woman and no stake in the partnership that received the money, nor did he co-found the partnership.[73][74] However, a White House spokeswoman repeated the claim, and in a press conference President Trump repeatedly claimed that Biden received millions of dollars from the former mayor's wife.[72]

CEFC تشاينا إنرجي

Biden helped Chinese businessman Ye Jianming negotiate a deal for Ye's company CEFC China Energy to make a $40 million investment in a liquefied natural gas project at Monkey Island, Louisiana. Ye gifted Biden a 2.8 carat diamond, which Biden said he gave away. The CEFC deal collapsed in 2018 after Ye was detained in China, reportedly for corruption.[3][10] Biden agreed to legally represent Ye's deputy Patrick Ho for investigations in the United States. Ho was eventually arrested and jailed in the U.S. for bribery.


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

البحرية الأمريكية

Biden's application for a position in the U.S. Navy Reserve was approved in May 2013.[75] At age 43, Biden was accepted as part of a program that allows a limited number of applicants with desirable skills to receive commissions and serve in staff positions.[76] Biden received an age-related waiver and a waiver due to a past drug-related incident; he was sworn in as a direct commission officer.[75] Joe Biden administered his commissioning oath in a White House ceremony.[3]

The following month, Biden tested positive for cocaine during a urinalysis test and was subsequently discharged administratively.[77][78] Biden attributed the result to smoking cigarettes he had accepted from other smokers, claiming the cigarettes were laced with cocaine.[3] He chose not to appeal the matter as it was unlikely that the panel would believe his explanation given his history with drugs and also due to the likelihood of news leaking to the press; it was ultimately revealed to The Wall Street Journal by a Navy official who provided the information.[3][75]

حياته الشخصية

Biden (center) with family at his brother Beau's funeral

Biden married Kathleen Buhle in 1993[3] and they have three children Naomi, Finnegan, and Maisy.[7] The couple separated in 2015 and divorced in 2017.[79] Biden began dating Hallie Biden, widow of brother Beau, in 2016.[80][81][82]

Biden is also the father of a child born to Lunden Alexis Roberts in Arkansas in August 2018.[83][84]

Biden married South African filmmaker Melissa Cohen in May 2019.[85][86] Their son was born in March 2020 in Los Angeles.[87]

Biden spent decades struggling with alcohol and drug addiction. He said, "There's addiction in every family. I was in that darkness. I was in that tunnel—it's a never-ending tunnel. You don't get rid of it. You figure out how to deal with it."[85][88][89]

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ Multiple sources:
  2. ^ Phelps, Jordyn; Saenz, Arlette (August 25, 2015). "Hunter Biden Denies Ashley Madison Account Is His". ABC News. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  3. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف Entous, Adam (July 1, 2019). "Will Hunter Biden Jeopardize His Father's Campaign?". The New Yorker. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  4. ^ Connelly, Kevin (August 28, 2008). "Biden shows more bark than bite". London, England: BBC News. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
  5. ^ Broder, John M. (August 28, 2008). "Biden Opens New Phase With Attack on McCain". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  6. ^ Seelye, Katharine Q. (August 24, 2008). "Jill Biden Heads Toward Life in the Spotlight". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  7. ^ أ ب ت Newman, Meredith; Jagtiani, Sarika; Sharp, Andrew (September 26, 2019). "Hunter Biden: Who is former Vice President Joe Biden's son mentioned in Ukraine-Trump call?". USA Today. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  8. ^ Yglesias, Matthew (October 1, 2019). "Hunter Biden, the black sheep who might accidentally bring down Trump, explained". Vox. Retrieved October 24, 2019. There's no reason to think that Biden backed MBNA's position because his son worked there—senators normally line up with their home state's major employers' policy priorities—it's more like Hunter got the job due to his dad's overall cozy relationship with the company.
  9. ^ Peligri, Justin (October 18, 2014). "Who is Hunter Biden?". CNN. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  10. ^ أ ب ت Schrekinger, Ben (August 2, 2019). "Biden Inc". Politico Magazine.
  11. ^ Glass, Andrew (February 7, 2007). "A Younger Biden Goes the Extra Miles for Amtrak". Politico. Washington, D.C.
  12. ^ Seitz, Amanda (October 21, 2019). "Hunter Biden didn't make millions off Amtrak". Associated Press.
  13. ^ "Amtrak Board Names Thomas Carper of Illinois as Chairman: Former Chairman Donna McLean Becomes Vice Chairman" (PDF). pennfedbmwe.org. Washington, D.C.: National Railroad Passenger Corporation. January 30, 2009. p. 1.
  14. ^ Funke, Daniel; Dc 20036. "Fact-checking claims about charities linked to Hunter Biden and the Trump children". PolitiFact (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved October 23, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ "About Us", company webpage. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
  16. ^ "Will Hunter Biden Jeopardize His Father's Campaign?". The New Yorker. July 1, 2019.
  17. ^ Deng, Chao (July 10, 2014). "Bohai, Harvest and U.S. Investment Firms Expand Target for Outbound Fund". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  18. ^ "Funds", company webpage. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
  19. ^ McKinnon, Judy (November 15, 2016). "Lundin Mining to Sell Stake in African Mine for $1.14 Billion". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  20. ^ أ ب Kessler, Glenn (September 26, 2019). "Trump's false claims about Hunter Biden's China dealings". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  21. ^ Subramaniam, Tara (October 4, 2019). "Fact-checking Trump's claims about the Bidens in China". CNN. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  22. ^ "Explainer: Trump's claims and Hunter Biden's dealings in China". Reuters. October 4, 2019. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  23. ^ LaFraniere, Sharon; Forsythe, Michael (October 3, 2019). "What We Know About Hunter Biden's Business in China". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  24. ^ Cohen, David. "Hunter Biden to step down from board of Chinese company". Politico. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
  25. ^ Newburger, Emma (October 13, 2019). "Hunter Biden resigns from Chinese firm following Trump attacks". CNBC. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
  26. ^ Mesires, George (October 13, 2019). "A Statement on behalf of Hunter Biden, dated October 13, 2019". Medium. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
  27. ^ Bullough, Oliver (April 12, 2017). "The money machine: how a high-profile corruption investigation fell apart". The Guardian. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  28. ^ أ ب ت ث Sonne, Paul; Kranish, Michael; Viser, Matt (September 28, 2019). "The gas tycoon and the vice president's son: The story of Hunter Biden's foray into Ukraine". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  29. ^ Risen, James (December 8, 2015). "Joe Biden, His Son and the Case Against a Ukrainian Oligarch". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  30. ^ أ ب Vogel, Kenneth P. (September 22, 2019). "Trump, Biden and Ukraine: Sorting Out the Accusations". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  31. ^ أ ب ت Vogel, Kenneth P.; Mendel, Iuliia (May 1, 2019). "Biden Faces Conflict of Interest Questions That Are Being Promoted by Trump and Allies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  32. ^ Jacobson, Louis; Kruzel, John (September 23, 2019). "Trump's Ukraine call, a whistleblower and the Bidens: What we know, what we don't". PolitiFact. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  33. ^ أ ب Braun, Stephen; Berry, Lynn (September 23, 2019). "The story behind Biden's son, Ukraine and Trump's claims". Associated Press. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  34. ^ أ ب Cullison, Alan (September 22, 2019). "Biden's Anticorruption Effort in Ukraine Overlapped With Son's Work in Country". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2020. Messrs. Trump and Giuliani have suggested that Joe Biden pushed for the firing of Ukraine's general prosecutor, Viktor Shokin, in March 2016 to stop an investigation into Burisma. In Ukraine, government officials and anticorruption advocates say that is a misrepresentation ... Mr. Shokin had dragged his feet into those investigations, Western diplomats said, and effectively squashed one in London by failing to cooperate with U.K. authorities ... In a speech in 2015, the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine, Otto Pyatt, called the Ukrainian prosecutor "an obstacle" to anticorruption efforts
  35. ^ أ ب ت Kiely, Eugene (September 24, 2019). "Trump Twists Facts on Biden and Ukraine". FactCheck.org. Annenberg Public Policy Center. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  36. ^ Bump, Philip; Blake, Aaron (September 24, 2019). "The full Trump-Ukraine timeline – as of now". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  37. ^ McLaughlin, Daniel (March 29, 2016). "EU hails sacking of Ukraine's prosecutor Viktor Shokin". The Irish Times. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  38. ^ Baker, Peter (September 23, 2019). "Instead of 'No Collusion!' Trump Now Seems to Be Saying, So What if I Did?". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  39. ^ "Verkhovna Rada Chairperson Volodymyr Groysman calls on all people's deputies to take part in voting for dismissal of prosecutor general Shokin – Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine". iportal.rada.gov.ua (Press release). March 29, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  40. ^ Kessler, Glenn (October 2, 2019). "Correcting a media error: Biden's Ukraine showdown was in December 2015". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  41. ^ Raymond, Adam K. (May 7, 2019). "Everything We Know About the Joe Biden–Ukraine Controversy". New York. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  42. ^ أ ب Thrush, Glenn; Vogel, Kenneth P. (November 10, 2019). "What Joe Biden Actually Did in Ukraine". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  43. ^ In March 2016, testimony to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, former ambassador to Ukraine John E. Herbst stated, "By late fall of 2015, the EU and the United States joined the chorus of those seeking Mr. Shokin’s removal" and that Joe Biden "spoke publicly about this before and during his December visit to Kyiv." During the same hearing, assistant secretary of state Victoria Nuland stated, "we have pegged our next $1 billion loan guarantee, first and foremost, to having a rebooting of the reform coalition so that we know who we are working with, but secondarily, to ensuring that the prosecutor general’s office gets cleaned up." Ukrainian Reforms Two Years After the Maidan Revolution and the Russian Invasion Hearing. United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. March 15, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  44. ^ Multiple sources:
    • "Trump: I want to meet my accuser". Agence France-Presse. September 30, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019. US President Donald Trump said on Sunday he wants and deserves to meet the anonymous whistleblower at the center of the fast-moving scandal that has triggered an impeachment probe against him ... Brandishing what he said were affidavits incriminating Biden's son Hunter over his work at a Ukrainian company, Giuliani said Trump was duty bound to raise the issue with Kiev. Trump and his allies claim Biden, as Barack Obama's vice president, pressured Kiev to fire the country's top prosecutor to protect his son Hunter, who sat on the board of a gas company, Burisma Holdings, accused of corrupt practices. Those allegations have largely been debunked and there has been no evidence of illegal conduct or wrongdoing in Ukraine by the Bidens.
    • Matthias, Williams; Polityuk, Pavel (September 26, 2019). "Zelenskiy opponents say comments about Europeans to Trump could hurt Ukraine". Reuters. Retrieved October 1, 2019. Trump pressed Zelenskiy to investigate the business dealings of the son of his political rival, former Vice President Joe Biden, the Democratic front-runner to challenge Trump in an election next year. Zelenskiy agreed. Biden's son Hunter worked for a company drilling for gas in Ukraine. There has been no evidence of wrongdoing by either Biden.
    • Isachenkov, Vladimir (September 27, 2019). "Ukraine's prosecutor says there is no probe into Biden". Associated Press. Retrieved October 1, 2019. Though the timing raised concerns among anti-corruption advocates, there has been no evidence of wrongdoing by either the former vice president or his son.
    • "White House 'tried to cover up details of Trump-Ukraine call'". BBC News. September 26, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019. There is no evidence of any wrongdoing by the Bidens.
    • Timm, Jane (September 25, 2019). "There's no evidence for Trump's Biden-Ukraine accusations. What really happened?". NBC News. Retrieved October 1, 2019. But despite Trump's continued claims, there's no evidence of wrongdoing on the part of either Biden.
  45. ^ Ivanova, Polina; Polityuk, Pavel (September 27, 2019). "Ukraine agency says allegations against Burisma cover period before Biden joined". Reuters. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  46. ^ أ ب Baker, Stephanie; Krasnolutska, Daryna (May 7, 2019). "Timeline in Ukraine Probe Casts Doubt on Giuliani's Biden Claim". Bloomberg. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  47. ^ Parker, Ashley; Dawsey, Josh; Rucker, Philip (September 25, 2019). "Seven days: Inside Trump's frenetic response to the whistleblower complaint and the battle over impeachment". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  48. ^ "Ukraine ex-minister rejects Trump's Biden claims". BBC News. September 27, 2019. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  49. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Fandos, Nicholas; Crowley, Michael; Vogel, Kenneth P. (September 24, 2019). "Trump Said to Have Frozen Aid to Ukraine Before Call With Its Leader". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  50. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Shear, Michael D. (September 25, 2019). "Trump Asks Ukraine's Leader to 'Do Us a Favor' and Also Urges Inquiry of Biden". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  51. ^ Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt; Leonnig, Carol D.; Dawsey, Josh (September 25, 2019). "Trump offered Ukrainian president Justice Dept. help for Biden investigation, memo shows". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  52. ^ Dale, Daniel; Cohen, Marshall (September 25, 2019). "Fact check: Trump made false claim to Ukrainian president to justify his Biden request". CNN. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  53. ^ Fandos, Nicholas (September 24, 2019). "Nancy Pelosi Announces Formal Impeachment Inquiry of Trump". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  54. ^ Stuart, Tessa (September 25, 2019). "'No Pressure,' Trump Insists, While Sitting With Ukraine's Zelensky at U.N." Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  55. ^ Wilkinson, Tracy; Loiko, Sergei (September 29, 2019). "Former Ukraine prosecutor says he saw no evidence of wrongdoing by Biden". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
  56. ^ "Ukraine to review cases on gas firm linked to Joe Biden's son". Al Jazeera. October 4, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
  57. ^ Desiderio, Andrew (February 28, 2020). "Senate Intel chair privately warned that GOP's Biden probe could help Russia". Politico. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  58. ^ أ ب Barnes, Julian E.; Rosenberg, Matthew (November 22, 2019). "Charges of Ukrainian Meddling? A Russian Operation, U.S. Intelligence Says" – via NYTimes.com.
  59. ^ Fandos, Nicholas (March 5, 2020). "Republicans, Egged On by Trump, Scrutinize Hunter Biden as His Father Surges". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  60. ^ Fandos, Nicholas (May 20, 2020). "Senate Panel, Urged On by Trump, Subpoenas Biden-Related Material" – via NYTimes.com.
  61. ^ Vogel, Kenneth P.; Fandos, Nicholas (March 11, 2020). "Senate Panel Delays Subpoena Vote Over Concerns About Ukraine Witness" – via NYTimes.com.
  62. ^ dos Santos, Nina. "A Giuliani ally offered cash to lobby US senators on behalf of pro-Russian TV stations". CNN.
  63. ^ Fandos, Nicholas (September 23, 2020). "Republican Inquiry Finds No Evidence of Wrongdoing by Biden". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 24, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  64. ^ Blake, Aaron (September 23, 2020). "GOP's Hunter Biden report doesn't back up Trump's actual conspiracy theory — or anything close to it". The Washington Post (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 24, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  65. ^ Zhegulev, Ilya (June 4, 2020). "Ukraine found no evidence against Hunter Biden in case audit: former top prosecutor". Reuters (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  66. ^ Sonne, Paul; Helderman, Rosalind S. (May 19, 2020). "Ukrainian lawmaker releases leaked phone calls of Biden and Poroshenko". Washington Post.
  67. ^ Sonne, Paul; Helderman, Rosalind S.; Dawsey, Josh; Stern, David L. (June 30, 2020). "Hunt for Biden tapes in Ukraine by Trump allies revives prospect of foreign interference". The Washington Post (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  68. ^ "Senate panel demands testimony from ex-Obama officials in revived Biden probe". Politico (in الإنجليزية). June 26, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  69. ^ Seddiq, Oma (June 21, 2020). "Former Ukrainian president says Biden never pressed him on Burisma". Politico (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  70. ^ Cohen, Zachary; Atwood, Kylie; Cohen, Marshall. "Vowing crackdown on Russian meddling, US sanctions Ukrainian lawmaker who worked with Giuliani to smear Biden". CNN.
  71. ^ "Treasury Sanctions Russia-Linked Election Interference Actors". United States Department of the Treasury. September 10, 2020.
  72. ^ أ ب Bertrand, Natasha. "Trump sought deals with Moscow mayor". POLITICO (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved September 28, 2020.
  73. ^ "GOP senators' report calls Hunter Biden's board position with Ukraine firm 'problematic' but doesn't show it changed U.S. policy". The Washington Post. September 23, 2020. Retrieved September 28, 2020.
  74. ^ Washington, District of Columbia 1100 Connecticut Ave NW Suite 1300B; Dc 20036. "PolitiFact - Examining Trump claim that Hunter Biden got $3.5 million from wife of Moscow ex-mayor". @politifact (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved October 24, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  75. ^ أ ب ت Nelson, Colleen McCain; Barnes, Julian E. (October 16, 2014). "Biden's Son Hunter Discharged From Navy Reserve After Failing Cocaine Test". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  76. ^ Ziezulewicz, Geoff (October 25, 2019). "The people Priebus beat out to become an ensign". Military Times. Springfield, VA.
  77. ^ Homan, Timothy R. (September 29, 2020). "Biden hits Trump over military 'losers' remark, defends son". TheHill.
  78. ^ "Trump and Biden's debate claims fact-checked". BBC News (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  79. ^ Marsh, Julia (April 14, 2017). "Hunter and Kathleen Biden finalize divorce". Page Six. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  80. ^ Pearl, Diana (March 2, 2017). "Hallie Biden's Father Says He Supports Her Relationship with Hunter Biden, Her Late Husband's Brother". People. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  81. ^ Entous, Adam (July 1, 2019). "Will Hunter Biden Jeopardize His Father's Campaign?". The New Yorker. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
  82. ^ Nguyen, Tina (May 1, 2019). "Hunter Biden Has Reportedly Broken Up with His Late Brother's Wife". Vanity Fair. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  83. ^ "Judge signs order declaring paternity in Hunter Biden case". Texarkana Gazette. January 7, 2020. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  84. ^ Breuninger, Kevin; Mangan, Dan (January 27, 2020). "Hunter Biden agrees to pay child support to Arkansas woman, avoids contempt hearing". CNBC (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved October 16, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  85. ^ أ ب Newman, Meredith (July 1, 2019). "Hunter Biden talks about his addiction, 'I was in that darkness'". The News-Journal. Wilmington, Delaware. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  86. ^ Heil, Emily (June 12, 2019). "Hunter Biden's messy personal life is back in the news. Will it cause political headaches for his dad?". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  87. ^ Carlson, Adam (April 1, 2020). "Joe Biden's Son Hunter & His Wife Welcome a Son Less Than a Year After Whirlwind Wedding: Report". People. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  88. ^ Entous, Adam (July 1, 2019). "Will Hunter Biden Jeopardize His Father's Campaign?". The New Yorker. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  89. ^ Newman, Meredith; Jagtiani, Sarika; Sharp, Andrew (September 26, 2019). "Hunter Biden: Who is former Vice President Joe Biden's son mentioned in Ukraine-Trump call?". The News Journal. Wilmington, Delaware. Retrieved October 9, 2019.

وصلات خارجية