نيقولاي رپنين

في هذا article، اسم الأب هو Vasilyevich and the family name is Repnin.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Repnin
Prince Nicholas Repnin
ولد	(1734-03-22)22 مارس 1734 سانت پطرسبورگ، الإمبراطورية الروسية
توفي	24 مايو 1801(1801-05-24) (aged 67) ريگا، ليڤونيا، الإمبراطورية الروسية
الولاء	الإمبراطورية الروسية
الخدمة/الفرع	الجيش الروسي الإمبراطوري
سنين الخدمة	1749–1798
الرتبة	فيلد مارشال
المعارك/الحروب	حرب الخلافة النمساوية حرب السبع سنوات الحرب التركية الروسية (1768–74) حرب الخلافة الباڤارية الحرب التركية الروسية (1787–92)
الأوسمة	Order of St. Andrew Order of St. George Order of St. Vladimir Order of the White Eagle

Prince Nikolai Vasilyevich Repnin (روسية: Никола́й Васи́льевич Репни́н; 22 March [ن.ق. 11 March] 1734 – 24 May [ن.ق. 12 May] 1801) was an Imperial Russian statesman and general from the Repnin princely family who played a key role in the dissolution of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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 حكم پولندا

Born in Saint Petersburg, Prince Repnin served in the Imperial Army under his father, Prince Vasily Anikitovich Repnin, during the Rhenish campaign of 1748, and subsequently resided for some time abroad, where he acquired "a thoroughly sound German education." He also participated, in a subordinate capacity، في حرب السبع سنوات.

In 1763, Emperor Peter III sent him to Prussia as ambassador. The same year, Catherine transferred him to Poland as minister plenipotentiary; in Warsaw he was rumored to have had an affair with Izabela Fleming (and to have fathered Adam Jerzy Czartoryski).

Due to the level of Russian control of the Polish government, Repnin was the effective ruler of the country, with special instructions to form a pro-Russian faction from among the various Protestants, who were to receive equal rights with the Catholics. Repnin believed that the Protestants were not significant enough to benefit Russia; at the same time, the Protestant community itself petitioned Empress Catherine, requesting not to be involved.

In order to further Russian interests, he encouraged the creation of two Protestant confederations (of Sluck and Toruń) and later, a Catholic one (the Radom Confederation, led by Karol Stanisław "Panie Kochanku" Radziwiłł). According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Repnin's correspondence reveals that he disliked the type of politics he was required to engage in. Nevertheless, he obeyed his instructions, and used various means to force the 1767–68 Sejm (the "Repnin Sejm") to concede all points in dispute. Before the Sejm, he ordered the capture and exile to Kaluga of some vocal opponents of his policies — Józef Andrzej Załuski and Wacław Rzewuski. The immediate result was the formation of the Bar Confederation, which practically demolished the ambassador's strategy.

 السيرة العسكرية

صورة استقبال السفارة الروسية بقيادة الأمير ن. رپنين، إلى السلطان التركي، في القرن 18.

Repnin resigned his post to lead troops against the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War. At the head of an independent command in Moldavia and Wallachia, he prevented a large Ottoman army from crossing the Pruth (1770), distinguished himself at the actions of Larga and Kagul, and captured Izmail and Kilia. In 1771 he received the supreme command in Wallachia and occupied Bucharest. A quarrel with the commander-in-chief, Rumyantsev, then induced him to send in his resignation, but in 1774 he participated in the capture of Silistria and in the negotiations which led to the peace of Kuchuk-Kainarji. In 1775-76 Repnin and his factotum, Yakov Bulgakov, represented Russian interests at the Porte.

On the outbreak of the War of the Bavarian Succession he led 30,000 men to Breslau, and at the subsequent congress of Teschen, where he was Russian plenipotentiary, compelled Austria to make peace with Prussia.

إعادة دفن پيوتر الثالث في 1796. تفصيل من الجنازة. على صهوة الجواد الأوسط الفيلد مارشال الأمير ن. رپنين، الذي عـُهـِد إليه بقيادة القوات المشاركة في الجنازة.

During the second Turkish war (1787-92) Repnin was, after Alexander Suvorov, the most successful of the Russian commanders. He defeated the Ottomans at Salcia, captured the whole camp of the seraskier, Hassan Pasha, shut him up in Izmail, and was preparing to reduce the place when he was forbidden to do so by Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin (1789). On the retirement of Potemkin in 1791, Repnin succeeded him as commander-in-chief, and immediately routed the grand vizier at Măcin, a victory which compelled the Ottomans to accept the truce of Galaţi (31 July 1791).

 العائلة

ناتاليا ألكساندروڤنا

• 

  Praskovya Nikolaevna،
  ابنة
• 

  Alexandra Nikolaevna،
  ابنة
• 

  Nikolai Volkonsky-Repnin،
  حفيد
• 

  Stepan Lesovsky،
  ابن غير شرعي

 سنوات الشيخوخة

The gates leading to Repnin's country residence near Moscow

After the Second Partition of Poland, he was made governor-general of the newly acquired Lithuanian provinces, where he also commanded the Russian forces during the Kościuszko Uprising. Tsar Paul I raised him to the rank of field marshal (1796), and in 1798 sent him on a diplomatic mission to Berlin and Vienna to detach Prussia from France and unite the Habsburg monarchy and Prussia against the First French Republic. Unsuccessful, upon his return he was dismissed from service and died in Riga.

Repnin had an illegitimate son, Ivan Pnin, and it was widely rumored that Adam Jerzy Czartoryski was the fruit of a liaison between Repnin and Izabela Fleming. Repnin's legitimate children were three daughters. Upon his death, as the male Repnin line became extinct, Alexander I permitted Repnin's grandson prince Nikolai Repnin-Volkonsky to assume the Repnin name and his grandfather's coat-of-arms.

 انظر أيضاً

• Ambassadors and envoys from Russia to Poland (1763–1794)
• Ivan Pnin

 المراجع

الهامش

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Robert Nisbet Bain (1911). "Repnin" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). دائرة المعارف البريطانية (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Catholic Encyclopedia article "Poland"
• Richard Butterwick, Poland's Last King and English Culture, Oxford University Press, 1998
• Giacomo Casanova, History of My life, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997
• Isabel de Madariaga, Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great, Yale University Press, 1981, ISBN 0300025157; Phoenix Press, 2002, ISBN 1842125117
• John P. LeDonne, The Grand Strategy of the Russian Empire, 1650-1831, Oxford University Press United States, 2004
• Gerhard Albert Ritter, Frederick the Great, University of California Press, 1975