نهر ناپو

نهر ناپو Napo river
نهر نابو إلى الشرق من كوكا
خريطة حوض الأمازون، مبيناً فيه نهر نابو
الاسم المحلي	Río Napo (إسپانية)
الموقع
البلدان	الإكوادور پيرو
السمات الطبيعية
المنبع	Cotopaxi في الأنديز
⁃ الموقع	الإكوادو
⁃ الإحداثيات	0°40′S 78°25′W
المصب	Amazon River
- الموقع	70 km (43 mi) downstream from Iquitos, Loreto Region, Peru
- الإحداثيات	3°27′28″S 72°43′3″W
الطول	1,130 كم
مساحة الحوض	103,307.79 km2 (39,887.36 sq mi)
التدفق
⁃ الموقع	Francisco de Orellana, Maynas, Loreto Region (near mouth)
⁃ المتوسط	7,147.761 m3/s (252,420.8 cu ft/s)
التدفق
⁃ الموقع	Mazán (Bella Vista), Loreto Region, Peru - 79,76 km upstream of mouth (basin size 100,518 km2 (38,810 sq mi)
⁃ المتوسط	(Period: 1991-2009)6,660 m3/s (235,000 cu ft/s) 7,032.018 m3/s (248,333.4 cu ft/s)
⁃ أدنى تدفق	3,250 m3/s (115,000 cu ft/s)
⁃ أقصى تدفق	11,200 m3/s (400,000 cu ft/s)
التدفق
⁃ الموقع	Santa Clotilde, Maynas, Loreto Region, Peru - 256.2 km upstream of mouth (basin size 85,770 km2 (33,120 sq mi)
⁃ المتوسط	(Period: 2002-2011)5,895 m3/s (208,200 cu ft/s) (Period: 2001-2005)5,700 m3/s (200,000 cu ft/s)
التدفق
⁃ الموقع	Nueva Rocafuerte, Ecuador - 574.1 km upstream of mouth (basin size 26,879.7 km2 (10,378.3 sq mi) (Period: 2001-2005)2,227 m3/s (78,600 cu ft/s)
⁃ المتوسط	(Period: 2001-2009)2,031 m3/s (71,700 cu ft/s)
سمات الحوض
الروافد
- اليسرى	Aguarico, Coca, Tamboyacu
- اليمنى	Yasuní, Tiputini, Curaray, Mazan

نهر ناپو ( Napo River ؛ إسپانية: Río Napo) هو رافد نهر الأمازون وينبع من الإكوادور على جوانب براكين أنتيسانا وسينتشولاگوا و كوتاپاشي، شرق جبال الأنديز.

إجمالي طول النهر هو 1075 كم. The river drains an area of 103,307.79 km² (39,887.36 sq mi). The mean annual discharge is 6,660 m³/s (235,000 cu ft/s) (Mazán).

Village along west bank of Napo River in Peru, a few miles above confluence with Amazon. The land visible beyond the waterway is an island in the river.

النابو كما يبدو من ليمون‌كوتشا، المحمية الحيوية، بالإكوادور.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 الجغرافيا

Before it reaches the plains it receives a great number of small streams from impenetrable, saturated and much broken mountainous districts, where the dense and varied vegetation seems to fight for every piece of ground. From the north it is joined by the Coca River, having its sources in the gorges of Cayambe volcano on the equator, and also a powerful river, the Aguarico having its headwaters between Cayambe and the Colombia frontier. From the west, it receives a secondary tributary, the Curaray, from the Andean slopes, between Cotopaxi and the Tungurahua volcano. From its Coca branch to the mouth of the Curaray the Napo is full of snags and shelving sandbanks and throws out numerous canoes among jungle-tangled islands, which in the wet season are flooded, giving the river an immense width. From the Coca to the Amazon it runs through a forested plain where not a hill is visible from the river - its uniformly level banks being only interrupted by swamps and lagoons. From the Amazon the Napo is navigable for river craft up to its Curaray branch, a distance of about 216 mi (348 km), and perhaps a bit further; thence, by painful canoe navigation, its upper waters may be ascended as far as Santa Rosa, the usual point of embarkation for any venturesome traveller who descends from the Quito tableland. The Coca river may be penetrated as far up as its middle course, where it is jammed between two mountain walls, in a deep canyon, along which it dashes over high falls and numerous reefs. This is the stream made famous by the expedition of Gonzalo Pizarro.

 التدفق

Napo River at Bellavista (km ~79,8) average (Q), dominante (Q_d) discharge (m³/s) and sediment load (S – ton/year). Period from 1991/09–2009/08:

Water year	Q	S	Qd	Water year	Q	S	Qd
1991/1992	5,667	28.608	6,009	2001/2002	5,979	32.431	6,335
1992/1993	7,104	47.718	7,447	2002/2003	5,669	32.154	6,312
1993/1994	8,013	67.159	8,583	2003/2004	6,148	41.916	7,054
1994/1995	6,055	34.801	6,525	2004/2005	6,456	37.953	6,767
1995/1996	5,956	34.017	6,463	2005/2006	6,143	34.77	6,523
1996/1997	6,262	38.258	6,790	2006/2007	6,535	40.344	6,942
1997/1998	9,839	105.956	10,354	2007/2008	6,615	40.832	6,977
1998/1999	6,839	51.48	7,686	2008/2009	7,428	52.504	7,749
1999/2000	6,725	49.735	7,576
2000/2001	6,452	38.527	6,810	Average	6,660	44.953	7,161

Napo River at Bellavista (km ~79,8) average, minimum and maximum discharge (m³/s). Period from 2009/09 to 2022/08:

Water year	Mean	Min	Max	Water year	Mean	Min	Max
2009/2010	7,177			2016/2017	7,273.6	3,200	11,150
2010/2011	5,768.2	1,649	10,860	2017/2018	7,284	1,550	13,500
2011/2012	7,447.4	2,894	12,230	2018/2019	8,234	2,850	12,200
2012/2013	7,452.7	3,102	11,230	2019/2020	8,100	3,100	12,700
2013/2014	8,652	3,230	13,700	2020/2021	8,410	3,620	14,000
2014/2015	9,336	4,810	13,450	2021/2022	6,855	2,078	13,500
2015/2016	5,761	498.6	10,200

Napo River at Bellavista (km ~79,8) average, maximum, minimum and multiannual average (normal) discharge (m³/s) and anomaly (%):

	Mean	Max	Min	Normal	(%)
2010/09 – 2011/08
SEP	2,620.5	3,089	1,969	5,121.2	–49
OCT	2,413.5	3,061	1,649	4,898.6	–51
NOV	3,818.7	4,778	2,696	5,595.1	–32
DEC	4,774.1	6,240	4,148	5,660.6	–16
JAN	3,604.2	5,001	2,174	4,580.7	–21
FEB	2,480.7	3,478	1,920	4,386.9	–43
MAR	4,753.4	7,127	3,790	5,824.1	–18
APR	9,206.8	10,240	7,865	7,502.4	23
MAY	9,561.5	10,040	8,348	8,941.3	7
JUN	10,193.8	10,860	8,821	9,422.9	8
JUL	9,846.3	10,590	7,904	8,844.7	11
AUG	5,944.6	8,658	3,758	6,610.8	–10
Mean	5,768.2	6,930	4,587	6,449.1	–12
2011/09 – 2012/08
SEP	4,551.3	5,441	3,757	5,121.2	11
OCT	5,344.9	6,995	2,894	4,898.6	9
NOV	4,427	6,878	3,023	5,595.1	–21
DEC	6,536.8	9,160	5,205	5,660.6	15
JAN	7,998.7	9,501	4,868	4,580.7	75
FEB	6,536.8	8,302	5,155	4,386.9	49
MAR	9,557.2	12,150	5,417	5,824.1	64
APR	11,843.7	12,230	10,870	7,502.4	58
MAY	10,322.7	10,790	9,702	8,941.3	15
JUN	8,878.8	9,961	7,011	9,422.9	–6
JUL	8,189.3	9,228	7,197	8,844.7	–7
AUG	5,182	7,605	3,975	6,612.4	–22
Mean	7,447.4	9,020	5,756	6,449.2	15.5
2012/09 – 2013/08
SEP	5,037	7,822	3,249	5,096	–1
OCT	5,113	6,457	4,632	4,918	4
NOV	4,130	5,660	3,102	5,567	–26
DEC	4,755	6,838	3,568	5,698	–17
JAN	7,589	9,183	3,854	4,723	61
FEB	5,851	9,071	4,170	4,465	31
MAR	10,060	10,740	9,127	5,973	68
APR	9,405	10610	8,675	7,683	22
MAY	8,322	10,570	6,932	8,999	–8
JUN	10,495	11,230	9,743	9,400	12
JUL	9,675	10,410	8,402	8,817	10
AUG	9,001	9,776	8,386	6,551	37
المتوسط	7,452.7	9,030	6,153	6,490.8	15

Napo River at Bellavista (km ~79,8) mean annual and multiannual average discharge

Period of data	Multiannual average discharge	References
1930–2006	6,464 m3/s (228,300 cu ft/s)	Evaluación hidrológica de las cuencas amazonicas peruanas (HiBam/Senamhi/IRD, octubre 2011)
1989–2010	6,360 m3/s (225,000 cu ft/s); Q-dominante 6,865 m3/s (242,400 cu ft/s)	Hydrodinamic and sediment transport modelling in a bend of Napo amazonian river: Morphodynamics and infrastructure implications (IAHR, 2015)
1991–2009	6,660 m3/s (235,000 cu ft/s)	Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del Río Napo (Ecuador-Perú)
1997–2015	6,734.2 m3/s (237,820 cu ft/s)	Assessing the performance of global hydrological models for capturing peak river flows in the Amazon basin (2019)
2000–2011	6,461 m3/s (228,200 cu ft/s)	Línea Base Ambiental (Lahmeyer Agua Energia S.A.)
2001–2012	6,758 m3/s (238,700 cu ft/s)	Preliminary Analysis of Potential for River Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies in the Amazon Basin
2001–2009	6,369 m3/s (224,900 cu ft/s)	Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del Río Napo (Ecuador-Perú)
2003–2009	6,855 m3/s (242,100 cu ft/s); Q-min 1,875 m3/s (66,200 cu ft/s); Q-max 13,020 m3/s (460,000 cu ft/s)	Modelado hidrologico distribuido de la Cuenca Amazonica Peruana utilizando preciptación obtenida por satelite, 2013
2004–2010	6,609 m3/s (233,400 cu ft/s)	Suspended sediment dynamics in the Amazon River of Peru
2001–2005	6,976 m3/s (246,400 cu ft/s)	Sediment budget of the Napo River, Amazon basin, Ecuador and Peru
2004–2006	6,267 m3/s (221,300 cu ft/s)	Sediment budget of the Napo River, Amazon basin, Ecuador and Peru
2016–2017	9,338 m3/s (329,800 cu ft/s); Q-min 4,654 m3/s (164,400 cu ft/s); Q-max 13,200 m3/s (470,000 cu ft/s)	Hydrological modeling of the Peruvian-Ecuadorian Amazon Basin using GPM-IMERG satellite-based precipitation dataset (2017)
	Confluence of Amazon River: 8,936 m3/s (315,600 cu ft/s)	Inventario y evaluación nacional de aguas superficiales (ONERN, 1980)
	Bellavista: 7,032.018 m3/s (248,333.4 cu ft/s); Confluence of Amazon River: 7,147.761 m3/s (252,420.8 cu ft/s)	Rivers Network Archived 2022-02-21 at the Wayback Machine (2020)

 انظر أيضاً

• Lake Pilchicocha