ناغانو (مدينة)

Coordinates: 36°38′55″N 138°11′41″E / 36.64861°N 138.19472°E / 36.64861; 138.19472
يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين ناكانو.
Nagano
長野市
مدينة لب
From top of left, Zenkoji, Mount Togakushi, Kinasa village, Nagano Big Hat arena, Aerial in Kawanakajima, Oku-Subana Valley, headquarters of Marukome (famous miso manufacturing company) in Nagano, Oyaki Japanese sweets, Togakushi ski resort, and Matsushiro Castle
From top of left, Zenkoji, Mount Togakushi, Kinasa village, Nagano Big Hat arena, Aerial in Kawanakajima, Oku-Subana Valley, headquarters of Marukome (famous miso manufacturing company) in Nagano, Oyaki Japanese sweets, Togakushi ski resort, and Matsushiro Castle
علم Nagano
Flag
الختم الرسمي لـ Nagano
الشعار
Location of Nagano in Nagano Prefecture
موقع Nagano
Nagano is located in اليابان
Nagano
Nagano
 
الإحداثيات: 36°38′55″N 138°11′41″E / 36.64861°N 138.19472°E / 36.64861; 138.19472
البلداليابان
المنطقةتشوبو (كوشين‌إتسو)
المحافظةناگانو
الحكومة
 • MayorKenji Ogiwara[1]
المساحة
 • الإجمالي834٫81 كم² (322٫32 ميل²)
التعداد
 (June 1, 2019)
 • الإجمالي370٬632
 • الكثافة440/km2 (1٬100/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
Phone number026-226-4911
Address1613 Midori-chō, Nagano-shi, Nagano-ken 380-8512
ClimateCfa/Dfa
الموقع الإلكترونيOfficial website
رموز
FlowerApple
TreeJapanese Lime (Tilia japonica)

ناگانو (長野市, Nagano-shi, تـُنطق [nagaꜜno ɕi])، هي مدينة في اليابان، تقع في وسط جزيرة هونشو (أكبر جزر البر الياباني)، عاصمة محافظة ناگانو. تبلغ مساحتها الإجمالية 404.35 كلم² وتعداد سكانها 361,221 نسمة (2003 م). من أهم الصناعات فيها الحرير، والأنسجة المطبوعة (كيمونو، ستائر وغيرها)، إلى جانب بعض الصناعات الميكانيكية.

تأسست المدينة في 1 أبريل 1897. ناگانو والتي كانت تُعرف باسمها القديم "زِنكو-جي"، تشتهر بمعبدها البوذي (زنكو-جي)، والذي يضُم أقدم عمل فني يصور شخصية بوذا في اليابان، تمثال من البرونز يرجع تاريخه إلى القرن الـ6 قبل الميلاد. استضافت المدينة الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية لعام 1989.

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استعراض

Nagano City, located in the former Shinano Province, developed from the Nara period (AD 710 to 794) as a temple town (monzen machi). The city of Nagano is home to Zenkō-ji, a 7th-century Buddhist temple that is listed as a Japanese national treasure. Zenkō-ji was established in its current location in 642 AD. The location of Zenkō-ji is approximately 2 kilometers from the present-day central Nagano Station. During the Sengoku Period, the Age of Warring States, Nagano was the site of a series of battles, the Battles of Kawanakajima, between 1553 and 1564. During the Edo period (1603 and 1868), as the city developed, Nagano became an important post station (shukuba) on the Hokkoku Kaidō highway which connected Edo (present day Tokyo) with the Sea of Japan coast. Following the Meiji restoration, Nagano became the first established modern town in Nagano prefecture on April 1, 1897.

The city of Nagano and several surrounding communities hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics and the 1998 Winter Paralympics. Nagano City is an important historical location, an industrial center, as well as a travel destination and a center for accessing surrounding sightseeing spots, including Japan's onsen-bathing snow monkeys in Yamanouchi and world-class ski resorts of Hakuba, Shiga Kogen and Nozawaonsen - throughout the year.


الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 1998

المقالة الرئيسية: 1998 Winter Olympics and 1998 Winter Paralympics

Nagano, along with the neighboring communities of Hakuba village, Nozawaonsen, Yamanouchi, Iizuna, and Karuizawa hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics from February 7 to February 22 and the Paralympics from March 5 to March 14. This was the third Olympic Games and second Winter Olympic Games to be held in Japan, after the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo (the first Winter Games ever held in Asia). As of 2019, Nagano was the southernmost host of the Winter Olympic Games. The Nagano Olympic Commemorative Marathon is held annually to commemorate the occasion.

One important legacy of the Games was an improved transportation network. In order to improve access to Nagano in advance of the Games, Nagano was linked to the high-speed shinkansen train network. The Nagano Shinkansen (now the Hokuriku Shinkansen) was inaugurated five months before the start of the Games, and during the Winter Olympics carried 655,000 passengers.[2] In addition, both Nagano Station and Shinonoi Station were expanded, and Imai Station in the Kawanakajima area was built to access the Athletes village. Finally, the Nagano Expressway and the Jōshin-etsu Expressway were built in the Nagano region,[3] and another 114.9 kilometers of roads within Nagano Prefecture were improved.[4]

In addition to a transportation legacy, several world-class venues of the 1998 Winter Olympics were built, including M-Wave, Japan's first International Skating Union (ISU) standard indoor 400m double-track,[5] and which happens to be one of the largest hanging wooden roof structures in the world.[6] Finally, the Athletes Village beside the newly constructed Imai Station was built in advance of the Games by the city of Nagano as future public residential housing, and loaned to the Nagano Olympic Organizing Committee during the Games.[7] A Media Village, composed of a four-block 10-12 storey apartment complex named Asahi Danchi, was built in the Asahi district of Nagano, across the street from the M-Wave.[8][9] Asahi Danchi now includes private sector housing as well as housing for government employees.[10]

أفق المدينة

الجغرافيا

Nagano is located in north-central Nagano Prefecture, in the Nagano Basin (Zenkoji Daira), surrounding by mountains, near the confluence of the Chikuma River and the Sai River. The Sai River in Nagano should not be confused with the Sai River (Gifu) even though both rivers have the same kanji and reading, 犀川 (Saigawa). Other important rivers include the Susobana River, which originates in the Togakushi highland area; and the Torii River, which also originates in the Togakushi highland area. The Chikuma River is 367.0 km, with 29.5 km within the Nagano city limits; the Sai River is 157.7 km, with 44.2 km in Nagano; all 40.1 km of Susobana River are in Nagano City, and 10.4 km of the 34.8 km-long Torii River are in Nagano[11] Myōkō-Togakushi Renzan National Park, Jōshin'etsu-kōgen National Park and Chūbu-Sangaku National Park are each partially located within Nagano City.

The present-day core city of Nagano includes the districts and former towns of Nagano, Shinonoi, Matsushiro, Wakaho, Kawanakajima, Kohoku, Naniai, Shinkomachi, Toyono, Togakushi, Kinasa, Ooka, Shinshushincho, Nakajo.

الجبال المحيطة

Along the route on Mt. Togakushi, Nagano, to Oku Shrine
Mount Minakami
Iizuna Highlands
  • Mount Takatsuma, 2,353 m, straddles Myōkō, Niigata and Nagano City. It is the highest peak of the Togakushi mountain range, is one of 100 Famous Japanese Mountains, and due to its pyramidal shape it is also known as Togakushi Fuji.[12] Takatsuma is the highest point in Nagano City. The lowest point is located in the Asano area of Toyono, 327.4 meters above sea level.
  • Mount Iizuna, 1,917 meters, is a popular area for skiing and is where the Spiral, bobsleigh and luge track for the 1998 Winter Olympics, is located.
  • Mount Togakushi, 1,904 m, is located in Nagano City.
  • Mount Hijiri, 1,447 m. is located along the border between Nagano City, and Omi in Higashichikuma District, Nagano.
  • Daibou Pass, 1,055 m, is located in Nagano City, on the border of Togakushi and Kinasa, Nagano.
  • Iizuna Kogen, 1,000 m, is a highland area that extends to the south base of Mount Iizuna in Nagano City.
  • Mount Mododori, 744 m, spans northern Nagano City, and Iizuna town. It is a monogenetic volcano that was active approximately 200,000 years ago.
  • Mount Dizuki, 733 m, is located on the northwest side of Nagano City.
  • Mount Minakami, 659 m, is a lava dome in Matsushiro in Nagano City. Its relative height to the surrounding landscape is 280 m.

المناخ

Like most of Honshū, Nagano has a humid subtropical climate, although its location in a sheltered inland valley means it receives less precipitation than any part of Japan outside Hokkaidō. The city still receives heavy winter snow totaling 2.57 metres (101 in) over four months from December to March, but it is less gloomy during these cold months than the coast from Hagi to Wakkanai.

Climate data for ناگانو، اليابان (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.1
(64.6) 		22.5
(72.5) 		24.4
(75.9) 		30.8
(87.4) 		32.6
(90.7) 		35.6
(96.1) 		37.9
(100.2) 		38.7
(101.7) 		36.3
(97.3) 		32.2
(90.0) 		26.2
(79.2) 		21.3
(70.3) 		38.7
(101.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.5
(38.3) 		4.7
(40.5) 		9.5
(49.1) 		17.3
(63.1) 		22.5
(72.5) 		25.7
(78.3) 		29.1
(84.4) 		31.0
(87.8) 		25.6
(78.1) 		19.2
(66.6) 		13.0
(55.4) 		6.8
(44.2) 		17.3
(63.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.1
(24.6) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		4.9
(40.8) 		10.5
(50.9) 		15.8
(60.4) 		20.0
(68.0) 		21.3
(70.3) 		16.9
(62.4) 		9.7
(49.5) 		3.1
(37.6) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		7.66
(45.79)
Record low °C (°F) −17
(1) 		−16.4
(2.5) 		−14.6
(5.7) 		−6.5
(20.3) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		3.9
(39.0) 		10.2
(50.4) 		10.7
(51.3) 		5.5
(41.9) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		−11.4
(11.5) 		−15.2
(4.6) 		−17
(1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 51.1
(2.01) 		49.8
(1.96) 		59.4
(2.34) 		53.9
(2.12) 		75.1
(2.96) 		109.2
(4.30) 		134.4
(5.29) 		97.8
(3.85) 		129.4
(5.09) 		82.8
(3.26) 		44.3
(1.74) 		45.5
(1.79) 		932.7
(36.71)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 98
(39) 		82
(32) 		27
(11) 		3
(1.2) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		2
(0.8) 		45
(18) 		257
(102)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm) 13.0 11.5 12.0 9.2 10.0 11.4 13.1 9.8 11.7 9.1 8.6 10.4 129.8
Average snowy days 22.9 19.6 8.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 10.8 63
Average relative humidity (%) 78 74 68 61 64 70 74 72 74 75 76 77 72
Mean monthly sunshine hours 127.2 131.3 168.5 198.3 207.3 162.2 168.8 204.3 141.7 152.4 139.1 135.6 1٬936٫7
Source 1: Japan Meteorological Agency[13]
Source 2: Japan Meteorological Agency (records)[14]


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الديمغرافيا

The population of Nagano City has declined by 10,000 since the mid-1990s. As of April 1, 2019, the city had a total population of 376,080 people, made up of 193,982 women and 182,098 men in 160,625 households.[15]

التعداد التاريخي

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1920 212٬182—    
1925 222٬141+4.7%
1930 234٬503+5.6%
1935 239٬513+2.1%
1940 241٬716+0.9%
1945 295٬090+22.1%
1950 300٬756+1.9%
1955 303٬435+0.9%
1960 303٬458+0.0%
1965 310٬399+2.3%
1970 322٬825+4.0%
1975 342٬120+6.0%
1980 358٬173+4.7%
1985 369٬023+3.0%
1990 377٬261+2.2%
1995 387٬359+2.7%
2000 387٬911+0.1%
2005 386٬572−0.3%
2010 381٬511−1.3%
2015 377٬598−1.0%
2020 372٬760−1.3%

Population of districts of the current Core City of Nagano

The growth and decline of the population within the various districts of Nagano City has been uneven over the past 70 years[16]

Sortable table
Year Total Nagano Shinonoi Matsushiro Wakaho Kawanakajima Kohoku Naniai Shinkomachi Toyono Togakushi Kinasa Ooka Shinshushincho Nakajo
1947 295,348 136,353 30,318 27,906 13,242 11,053 12,783 4,891 6,500 9,930 10,205 6,170 4,670 14,240 7,087
1950 300,756 143,494 30,068 27,131 13,063 10,794 12,807 4,911 6,385 9,869 10,281 6,209 4,560 14,040 7,144
1955 303,684 152,547 29,062 25,485 12,312 10,432 12,655 4,870 6,067 9,787 9,697 6,007 4,351 13,511 6,901
1960 303,458 160,522 29,329 22,626 11,938 10,403 12,331 4,419 5,503 9,604 8,709 5,373 4,035 12,354 6,312
1965 310,399 172,836 29,304 21,451 11,404 10,975 14,228 3,962 4,964 9,110 7,547 4,397 3,405 11,324 5,456
1970 322,825 187,216 30,633 20,496 11,739 12,551 14,630 3,571 4,519 9,283 6,475 3,763 2,924 10,188 4,837
1975 342,120 198,224 34,493 19,968 12,317 16,102 18,140 3,190 4,203 9,539 6,225 3,603 2,477 9,323 4,316
1980 358,173 208,703 36,432 20,786 12,766 17,314 21,321 2,995 4,043 9,633 6,074 3,223 2,249 8,616 4,018
1985 369,023 216,306 37,516 21,224 12,934 18,473 23,609 3,053 3,848 9,701 5,866 2,864 2,103 7,881 3,635
1995 377,261 223,191 38,444 21,110 12,646 19,790 25,418 2,866 3,561 9,700 5,608 2,686 1,753 7,143 3,345
1995 387,359 229,952 39,601 20,790 12,687 21,624 27,928 2,633 3,301 9,819 5,218 2,523 1,602 6,596 3,085
2000 387,911 228,431 39,233 19,904 12,503 24,997 29,599 2,399 3,046 10,005 4,938 2,333 1,544 6,093 2,886
2005 386,572 227,758 39,981 18,873 12,661 25,669 30,879 2,118 2,768 10,016 4,467 1,983 1,389 5,535 2,525
2010 381,511 223,787 40,380 18,161 12,570 26,416 32,075 1,873 2,434 9,825 3,986 1,700 1,154 4,892 2,258
2015 377,598 221,404 41,340 17,100 12,201 26,881 33,486 1,622 2,051 9,609 3,499 1,393 960 4,135 1,917

Foreign and non-Japanese residents

The following table shows the population of foreigners and non-Japanese residents since 2014[17]

Sortable table
Year Total Chinese Korean Filipino Vietnamese Thai Other
2014 3,394 1,619 587 301 136 219 532
2015 3,475 1,612 571 320 195 226 551
2016 3,475 1,595 542 319 248 239 552
2017 3,576 1,576 536 336 314 241 573
2018 3,715 1,563 557 344 392 242 617

البلديات المحيطة

Hakuba Happo-one Winter Resort
محافظة ناجانوNagano Prefecture
  • Shinano, located approximately 20 kilometers north of Nagano. Lake Nojiri is found in Shinano. Lake Nojiri was home to Kokusaimura (International Village), a landownership association, made up principally of Christian missionaries who had cottages there from the early 20th Century.

When we first went to Lake Nojiri, the International Village was like an island of affluence in a sea of poverty. But, as the Japanese economy recovered from the war, the scales tipped until we became an island of poverty in a sea of affluence.[18]

— Alden Matthews، My Three Worlds (2007)
  • Nakano, located in the Zennoji Plain, on the Chikuma River and surrounded by mountains, experienced significant growth after the 1998 Winter Olympics.
  • Suzaka, a former castle town (jōkamachi) during the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate on the opposite side of the Chikuma River from Nagano. The city was noted in the Meiji period for its silk industry. After World War II, an electronics industry was established. The city is also noted for apples and grapes, and the Prefectural Agricultural Research Station is located there.
  • Obuse, an important historical tourist town, approximately 30 minutes by Nagano Electric Railway train from Nagano Station. Obuse is home to a Hokusai museum, and Gansho-in, a Buddhist temple, has a ceiling painted by him. The largest hospital in the town, a former tuberculosis sanatorium, was built in the 1930s by J. G. Waller and the Anglican Church of Canada.[19]
  • Ueda, approximately 35 kilometers south of Nagano, was a former castle town of the Ueda Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate. The ruins of Ueda Castle are an important historical site in the city.
  • Chikuma, located approximately 20 kilometers south of Nagano, includes numerous burial tombs (tumuli) from the Kofun period. During the Nara period, several important Man'yōshū poems were set here. The area around Chikuma prospered during the Edo period as several post stations along the pilgrimage route to the famed Zenkō-ji were located here. Obasute Station, a switchback station is located here.
  • Ōmachi is approximately 40 kilometers west of Nagano. The Hida Mountains, also called the Japanese Northern Alps, with 3000m peaks surround Ōmachi. The area was part of the holdings of Matsumoto Domain during the Edo period.
  • Omi is approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Nagano Station. The town is in the Hijiiri Highlands, and Hijiri-Kōgen Station is located here, as is Kitayama Dam.
  • Chikuhoku is located in the Matsumoto Basin, and the Higashijo Dam and Onikuma Dam are located here. Most of the area was under the control of Matsumoto Domain during the Edo period.
  • Ikusaka is approximately 50 kilometers southwest of Nagano, in the center of Nagano Prefecture. Two dams, Ikusaka Dam and Taira Dam are found here. The area of present-day Ikusaka was part of the holdings of Matsumoto Domain during the Edo period.
  • Ogawa is approximately 20 kilometers west of Nagano. It is listed as one of The Most Beautiful Villages in Japan. It is an important agriculture center, primarily rice cultivation.
  • Hakuba, located 45 km west of Nagano Station, is an internationally renowned ski resort town in the northern Japan Alps. The surrounding valley has an annual snow fall of over 11 meters, and the 10 ski resorts have more than 200 runs. The village was an important site for 1998 Winter Olympics (Alpine skiing, ski jumping, and cross-country). Most of Hakuba is located in Chūbu-Sangaku National Park.
  • Otari is located approximately 55 kilometers northwest of Nagano Station. It is in the mountainous far northwest of Nagano Prefecture, bordered by Niigata Prefecture to the north and west. Much of the village is within the borders of the Chūbu-Sangaku National Park or the Myōkō-Togakushi Renzan National Park.
محافظة نييجاتاNiigata Prefecture
  • Myōkō, on the border of Nagano Prefecture, lies in mountains surrounding the historical entrance to the Echigo Plains. The city is surrounded by five mountains. Madarao, Myōkō, Kurohime, Togakushi and Iizuna are collectively known as the Five Peaks of Northern Shinano (Hokushingogaku). Mount Myōkō (2,454 m) is in the city, much of which is within the borders of the Myōkō-Togakushi Renzan National Park.


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الثقافة

أحداث

  • Nagano Tomyo Festival is a light and lantern festival held every February to commemorate the 1998 Winter Olympics.
  • Nagano Olympic Commemorative Marathon, an IAAF Bronze Label Road Race, takes place in mid-April.
  • Hanami - cherry blossom viewing - in Joyama Park behind Zenkō-ji is possible from mid-to-late April.
  • Nagano Floral Festa Zenkoji Temple - flowers and flower art at Nagano Station and Omotesando - held in early May to welcome spring.
  • Buckwheat blossom viewing, mid-July to mid-September, Togakushi
  • Kijo ("Ogress") Momoji Festival held in mid-October in Iizuna, celebrates this woman and the beauty of nature.
  • Togakushi Soba Festival, early November
  • Yoi Ebisu and Ebisuko Fireworks display, dedicated to the god of fortune, Ebisu held in late November.

الرياضة

Club Sport League Venue Established
AC Nagano Parceiro Soccer J.League Minami Nagano Sports Park Stadium 1990
AC Nagano Parceiro Ladies Soccer WE.League Minami Nagano Sports Park Stadium 2000
Shinano Grandserows Baseball BC.League Nagano Olympic Stadium 2006
Boaluz Nagano Futsal F.League White Ring 2011
Shinshu Brave Warriors Basketball B.League White Ring 2011

معرض صور

Nagano (city)

الهامش

  1. ^ "歴代長野市長 (trans. Mayors of Nagano City)". Nagano City. Nagano City Official Website. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ Hanazawa, Nahomi (1999). Official Report of the 1998 Winter Olympic Games, Vol. 2: Sixteen Days of Glory. Nagano: NAOC. p. 309. ISBN 4784098267. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  3. ^ Hanazawa, Nahomi (1999). Official Report of the 1998 Winter Olympic Games, Vol. 2: Sixteen Days of Glory. Nagano: NAOC. p. 301. ISBN 4784098267. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  4. ^ "Transport infrastructure provides lasting legacy of Nagano 1998". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  5. ^ M-Wave Corporation. "About M-Wave". www.nagano-mwave.co.jp/m_wave/language/en.php (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2019-04-06.
  6. ^ M-Wave Corporation. "About M-Wave". www.nagano-mwave.co.jp/m_wave/language/en.php (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2019-04-06.
  7. ^ Hanazawa, Nahomi (1999). Official Report of the 1998 Winter Olympic Games, Vol. 2: Sixteen Days of Glory. Nagano: NAOC. p. 240. ISBN 4784098267. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  8. ^ Journal of Snow Engineering of Japan. "Outline of the Nagano Olympics, the game facilities, etc". www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsse1986/13/4/13_4_381/_pdf (in اليابانية). Retrieved 2019-04-10.
  9. ^ Shinano Mainichi Shimbun. "Nagano Winter Olympics Venues". www.shinmai.co.jp/feature/olympic/kaijo/index.htm (in اليابانية). Retrieved 2019-04-10.
  10. ^ Nagano Prefecture. "About the present conditions of facilities of Nagano Winter Olympics". www.pref.nagano.lg.jp/koho/kensei/koho/hotline/201606/hot_201606-20.html (in اليابانية). Retrieved 2019-04-10.
  11. ^ "長野市統計書". Nagano City Official Website. Nagano City. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  12. ^ 高妻山. (Mount Takatsuma) [1]|accessed Sept 24 2022
  13. ^ "平年値（年・月ごとの値）". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
  14. ^ "観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
  15. ^ "Population of Nagano City and the number of households (as of April 1, 2019)". Nagano City Official Website. Nagano City. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  16. ^ "2. 人口 (population)". Nagano City Official Website. Nagano City. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  17. ^ "2. 人口 (population)". Nagano City Official Website. Nagano City. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  18. ^ "International Village, Nojiri-ko (Lake Nojiri), Nagano Prefecture" (in الإنجليزية). 15 August 2016. Retrieved 2019-04-21.
  19. ^ "Obuse Area Guide, Southern Area" (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2019-04-21.
  20. ^ B.League (3 October 2016). "Bリーグ". Retrieved 3 October 2016.

وصلات خارجية

مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Nagano.

قالب:Nagano

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