ميدلزبره

Coordinates: 54°34′36″N 1°14′08″W / 54.5767°N 1.2355°W / 54.5767; -1.2355
هذا المقال هو عن the town in North East England. إذا كنت تريد الاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر Middlesbrough (disambiguation).
Middlesbrough
Town, borough and unitary authority
Middlesbrough Town Hall
Middlesbrough Town Hall
الشعار الرسمي لـ Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough Council logo
الشعار: 
Erimus
"We shall be"
Shown within North Yorkshire
Shown within North Yorkshire
Middlesbrough is located in إنگلترة
Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough
Location within England
Middlesbrough is located in المملكة المتحدة
Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough
Location within the United Kingdom
Middlesbrough is located in أوروپا
Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough
Location within Europe
الإحداثيات: 54°34′36″N 1°14′08″W / 54.5767°N 1.2355°W / 54.5767; -1.2355
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Constituent countryEngland
RegionNorth East England
Ceremonial countyNorth Yorkshire
Founded1830
Administrative headquartersMiddlesbrough Town Hall
الحكومة
 • النوعUnitary authority
 • الكيانMiddlesbrough Council
 • LeadershipLeader and cabinet
 • ExecutiveIndependent
 • MayorAndy Preston
 • ChairmanJohn Hobson
 • MPs:Andy McDonald (L)
Simon Clarke (C)
المساحة
 • Total20٫80 ميل² (53٫87 كم²)
التعداد
 (2008 تق.)
 • Total174٬700
صفة المواطنTeessider
منطقة التوقيتUTC+0 (GMT)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+1 (BST)
Postcode
TS
مفتاح الهاتف01642
OS grid referenceNZ495204
Primary airportTeesside International Airport
Councillors46
MPs
الموقع الإلكترونيmiddlesbrough.gov.uk

Middlesbrough ( /ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ MID-əlz-brə) is a large post-industrial town[1][2] in North Yorkshire, England. The local council, a unitary authority, is Middlesbrough Borough Council. The 2011 Census recorded the borough's total resident population as 138,400 and the wider urban settlement's as 174,700,[3] making it the largest settlement within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. Middlesbrough is part of the larger built-up area of Teesside, which had an overall population of 376,333 at the 2011 Census.[4]

Middlesbrough became a county borough within the North Riding of Yorkshire in 1889. In 1968 the borough was merged with a number of others to form the County Borough of Teesside, which was absorbed in 1974 by the county of Cleveland. In 1996 Cleveland was abolished, and Middlesbrough Borough Council became a unitary authority within the county of North Yorkshire. Erimus ("We shall be" in Latin) was chosen as Middlesbrough's motto in 1830. It recalls Fuimus ("We have been") the motto of the Norman/Scottish Bruce family, who were lords of Cleveland in the Middle Ages. The town's coat of arms is an azure lion, from the arms of the Bruce family, a star, from the arms of Captain James Cook, and two ships, representing shipbuilding and maritime trade.[5]

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الدين

الإسلام

The Islamic community is represented in several mosques in Middlesbrough. Muslim sailors visited Middlesbrough from about 1890.[6] and, in 1961, Azzam and Younis Din opened the first Halal butcher shop.[6] The first mosque was a house in Grange Road in 1962.[6] The Al-Madina Jamia Mosque, on Waterloo Road, the Dar ul Islam Central Mosque, on Southfield Road, and the Abu Bakr Mosque & Community Centre,[7] which is on Park Road North.


Gallery

  • Teesside Crown Court

    Teesside Crown Court

  • The CIAC Building at RiversideOne, Middlehaven

    The CIAC Building at RiversideOne, Middlehaven

  • 40,000 Years of Modern Art, at Middlehaven

    40,000 Years of Modern Art, at Middlehaven

  • Mimabro.jpg

    The Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art, circa 2007

  • Panoramic view of Middlesbrough

    Panoramic view of Middlesbrough

Twin towns

Middlesbrough is twinned with:

Middlesbrough and Oberhausen entered into a town twinning partnership in 1974, close ties having existed for over 50 years. Those ties began in 1953 with youth exchanges, the first of which was held in 1953. Both towns continue to be committed to twinning activities today.[9] Although Middlesbrough is also officially twinned with the French town of Dunkirk, twinning events have ceased.[9]

Climate

Middlesbrough has an oceanic climate typical for the United Kingdom. Being sheltered from prevailing south-westerly winds by both the Lake District and Pennines to the west and the Cleveland Hills to the south, Middlesbrough is in one of the relatively drier parts of the country, receiving on average 574 millimetres (22.6 inches) of rain a year. Temperatures range from mild summer highs in July and August typically around 20 °C (68 °F) to winter lows in December and January falling to around 0 °C (32 °F).

Climate data for Middlesbrough, England
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2) 		7.3
(45.1) 		9.7
(49.5) 		12.0
(53.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		17.8
(64.0) 		20.4
(68.7) 		20.1
(68.2) 		17.5
(63.5) 		13.6
(56.5) 		9.6
(49.3) 		6.9
(44.4) 		13.1
(55.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3) 		1.0
(33.8) 		2.1
(35.8) 		3.6
(38.5) 		5.8
(42.4) 		8.6
(47.5) 		10.7
(51.3) 		10.7
(51.3) 		8.5
(47.3) 		6.2
(43.2) 		3.2
(37.8) 		0.7
(33.3) 		5.2
(41.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 41.1
(1.62) 		32.9
(1.30) 		36.3
(1.43) 		41.5
(1.63) 		40.8
(1.61) 		52.4
(2.06) 		52.9
(2.08) 		60.6
(2.39) 		49.7
(1.96) 		57.5
(2.26) 		60.2
(2.37) 		48.2
(1.90) 		574.2
(22.61)
Average precipitation days 9.9 8.1 8.4 8.2 9.0 8.7 9.1 9.8 8.0 9.8 11.8 10.6 111.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 54.8 71.3 102.7 132.4 174.6 168.3 170.6 160.7 125.9 93.3 59.8 45.5 1٬360
Source: UK Met Office[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Exhibition charts post-industrial areas". The Northern Echo. Newsquest (North East) Ltd. 15 مايو 2016. Retrieved 17 يناير 2018.
  2. ^ "Postindustrial society: Written By: Robert C. Robinson". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 19 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 17 يناير 2018.
  3. ^ "Area: Middlesbrough settlement (Built-up area subdivision) 2011 Census: Usual Resident Population". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 11 يناير 2020.
  4. ^ "Area: Teesside (Built-up Area) Official Labour Market Statistics 2011 Census: Usual Resident Population". United Kingdom Census 2011. Nomis Official Labour Market Statistics. Retrieved 5 مارس 2017.
  5. ^ "Middlesbrough Borough Council". Civic Heraldry of England and Wales.
  6. ^ أ ب ت "Visit Middlesbrough – The Middlesbrough Faith Trail: Muslims in Middlesbrough" (PDF). Retrieved 4 سبتمبر 2011.
  7. ^ "Abu Bakr Mosque, Middlesbrough". Abubakr.org.uk. Retrieved 4 سبتمبر 2011.
  8. ^ "British towns twinned with French towns". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 يوليو 2013. Retrieved 11 يوليو 2013.
  9. ^ أ ب "Town Twinning". Middlesbrough Council. Retrieved 14 ديسمبر 2019.
  10. ^ "Middlesbrough Climate Period: 1981–2010, Stockton-on-Tees Climate Station". Met Office. Retrieved 18 أكتوبر 2014.

Further reading

  • Bell, Lady Florence. At the Works, a Study of a Manufacturing Town (1907) online.
  • Briggs, Asa. Victorian Cities (1965) pp 245–82.
  • Doyle, Barry. "Labour and hospitals in urban Yorkshire: Middlesbrough, Leeds and Sheffield, 1919–1938." Social history of medicine (2010): hkq007.
  • Glass, Ruth. The social background of a plan: a study of Middlesbrough (1948)

External links

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