مقاطعة پيزا

Coordinates: 43°43′N 10°24′E / 43.717°N 10.400°E / 43.717; 10.400
Province of Pisa
مقاطعة
Panoramic view of Latignano
Panoramic view of Latignano
علم Province of Pisa
Flag
درع Province of Pisa
Coat of arms
Map highlighting the location of the province of Pisa in Italy
Map highlighting the location of the province of Pisa in Italy
البلد إيطاليا
الإقليمTuscany
Capital(s)Pisa
Comuni37
الحكومة
 • PresidentMassimiliano Angori (PD)
المساحة
 • الإجمالي2٬448 كم² (945 ميل²)
التعداد
 (31 July 2014)
 • الإجمالي421٬642
 • الكثافة170/km2 (450/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+1 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
56010, 56011, 56017,
56019-56022, 56025, 56027,
56029-56038, 56040-56043, 56046, 56048
Telephone prefix050, 0565, 0571, 0586, 0587, 0588
لوحة السيارةPI
ISTAT050

مقاطعة پيزا (إيطالية: provincia di Pisa)، مقاطعة في الجزء الشمالي من وسط إيطاليا ضمن إقليم توسكانا ، عدد سكانها 421,642 نسمة (في 2014)، ومساحتها 2444 كيلومتر مربع و بها 37 مدينة و بلدة ، عاصمتها مدينة بيزا ، تمتد من سهل نهر أرنو الطميي غرب توسكانا حتى البحر الليغوري على شكل مسدس معكوس ، يحدها من الشمال مقاطعة لوكا، ومن الشرق مقاطعة فلورنسا و مقاطعة سيينا ، و من الجنوب مقاطعة غروسيتو ، و من الغرب مقاطعة ليفورنو و البحر الليغوري.[1][2]

With a history that dates to the Etruscans and Phoenicians, the province achieved considerable power and influence in the Mediterranean in the 12th and 13th centuries. Pisa, the provincial capital, is known for its Leaning Tower, and other historic landmarks that attract tourists.

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التاريخ

The area has a long maritime history dating back to the Etruscans, the Phoenicians and the Gauls. Under the Roman Empire, it was responsible for naval battles against the Ligurians, Gauls and Carthaginians, becoming a Roman colony in 180 B.C. and gaining further colonial independence under Julius Caesar. Thanks to its complex river system, with the fall of the Roman Empire, Pisa did not suffer unduly and was able to combat Saracen pirates. In 828, it launched an expedition against the north African coast while in 871, Pisan troops helped to defend Salerno from the Moors.[3]

In the 11th century, Pisa became a republic, reaching its zenith in the 12th and 13th centuries when its navy controlled the western Mediterranean. As a Maritime Republic, its power extended well beyond the Italian peninsula. After first being an ally then a rival of the Republic of Genoa, it suffered defeat at the Battle of Meloria in 1284. As a result, it began to decline and in 1406 was annexed to Florence, becoming part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in the 16th century. In the 20th century, Pisa was hit hard by allied bombing and Nazi reprisals.[3]

The current province descends from the Grand Duchy, while its territories are part of the former Maritime Republic of Pisa. In 1925, the municipalities of Bibbona, Campiglia Marittima, Castagneto Carducci, Cecina, Collesalvetti, Piombino, Rosignano Marittimo, Sassetta, and Suvereto were transferred to the Province of Livorno, and at the same time the municipalities of Castelfranco di Sotto, Montopoli in Val d'Arno, San Miniato, Santa Croce sull'Arno, and Santa Maria a Monte were acquired by the Province of Florence.[4] In 1938, the comune of Castellina Marittima bought a small slice of the territory of the municipality of Cecina, part of the province of Livorno, which was attributed to an administrative error.[4]


الجغرافيا

Mouth of the Arno River.

Pisa Province extends from the alluvial plain of the Arno River, in western Tuscany, to the Ligurian Sea and has the shape of a gun upside down. It is bordered to the north by the Province of Lucca, to the east by the Metropolitan City of Florence and Province of Siena, to the south by Province of Grosseto, and to the west by the Province of Livorno and the Ligurian Sea. The province contains 39 comuni (municipalities). The most populous cities in the province as of 2013 are Pisa (86,494), Cascina (44,040), San Giuliano Terme (31,039), Pontedera (28,793), San Miniato (27,580), Ponsacco (15,503).[5]

The northern area is mountainous, containing the Apennine mountain range of Mount Pisano, adjacent to the extreme offshoot of the Apuan Alps, that separates the province of Pisa from Lucca. The highest point of Monte Pisano range and of the province is at Monte Serra (917 m or 3,009 ft).[6] The Pisan coast, extends for about 15 km (9.3 mi), and includes the following locations: Calambrone, Tirrenia and Marina di Pisa in the Municipality of Pisa, a stretch of coast about 1 km (0.62 mi), protected as a park and administered by the City of San Giuliano Terme; Vecchiano Marina, in the municipality of Vecchiano, is also located in the park. The area of Pisa is flat, but, a few miles further south, in the southern part of the province, is classic Tuscan landscape consisting of hills, forests and ancient villages. Of particular note in the south is the Val di Cecina, the valley of the Cecina River, and the ancient city of Volterra to the west.[7] The southern area of the province is hilly, containing the peak of Monte Aia dei Diavoli (867m).

السكان

Statistics recorded since 1861 show that the population of the province has increased gradually, from 240,000 is the 1860s to c. 390,000 in the 1990s. Since the new millennium, it has increased by some 30,000 to over 420,000 today.[8]

As of 1 January 2014, the ten most populated municipalities were Pisa (88,627), Cascina (44,901), San Giuliano Terme (31,315), Pontedera (28,915), San Miniato (28,072), Ponsacco (15,609), Santa Croce sull'Arno (14,528), Castelfranco di Sotto (13,431), Santa Maria a Monte (13,197) and Casciana Terme Lari (12,536),[9]

الاقتصاد

The Province of Pisa has a wide variety of companies and organisations in the public and private sectors. One of the main areas of production is leather and footwear, where some 800 enterprises employing about 10,000 workers manufacture 35% of the Italy's total output in the sector. Since 2003, clothing has also been under development. There are also a number of enterprises in the chemical sector, while pharmaceuticals are also a strong sector. Catalysed by the CNR national research authority, facilities have been developed in Cascina, Pontedera, Santa Croce and Peccioli. There are also a number of software development firms and IT consultancies.[10] While in recent years the economic crisis has reduced activities in most areas, agriculture had continued to grow, thanks to traditional crops, wine production and diversification in the fruit and vegetables sector.[11] Other sectors that have recently prospered include technology (+3.4%) and glass (+4.5%) while there have been drops in footwear (-3.1%), metals (-2%), electronics and transport equipment (-9.7%), construction (-7.8%) and manufacturing (-8.2%).[12]

Tourism is also an important contributor to the local economy but in 2013 it suffered from a reduction of 10.7% in the number of visitors to the province,[13] with a reduction of 3.5% in nights spent in hotels.[12]

الحكومة

أهم المدن

المدينة الإسم بالإيطالية السكان
1 بيزا Pisa 88.363
2 كاشينا Cascina 40.007
3 سان جوليانو تيرمي San Giuliano Terme 30.757
4 سان مينياتو San Miniato 27.067
5 بونتيديرا Pontedera 26.842

المعالم الرئيسية

In addition to the many sights in the city of Pisa (the Leaning Tower, the cathedral and the Carovana Palace), the province has many attractions in its other towns and villages. The historic city of Volterra is noted for its cathedral, its Etruscan and Roman remains and its museums, churches and palaces.[14]

Set on the top of three hills, the medieval city of San Miniato has a cathedral, a fortress tower, two palaces and numerous old churches.[15]

The province has many villages of interest, including Vicopisano with its fortress and towers, Calci with its Charterhouse (now a museum), and Buti with its castle and Medici villa.

Other points of interest include the Villa di Corliano in San Giuliano Terme, the gated medieval village of Castelfranco di Sotto, the towers of Montopoli in Val d'Arno, the bell-tower of Peccioli, and the Rocca Sillana fortress in Pomarance.[16]

المراجع

  1. ^ "Provincia di Pisa" (in الإيطالية). Stat AdminStat.
  2. ^ "Statistiche". Upinet. Archived from the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  3. ^ أ ب "Fotografie storia dei comuni e frazioni Provincia di Pisa" (in الإيطالية). amapisa.it. Archived from the original on 27 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  4. ^ أ ب "Pisa" (in الإيطالية). Guidatoscana.net. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  5. ^ "Index". Demo.istat.it. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  6. ^ Valdes, Giuliano (1994). Art and History of Pisa (in الإيطالية). Casa Editrice Bonechi. p. 124. ISBN 978-88-8029-024-7.
  7. ^ Nelles, Günter (1 January 2000). Florence - Fiesole, Prato, Pistoia, San Gimignano, Volterra, Siena: An Up-to-date Travel Guide ; [with Fold-out Map]. Hunter Publishing, Inc. p. 80. ISBN 978-3-88618-773-7.
  8. ^ "Censimenti popolazione provincia di Pisa 1861-2011" (in الإيطالية). tuttitalia. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  9. ^ "Comuni in prov. di PI per popolazione" (in الإيطالية). tuttitalia. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  10. ^ "Economia della Provincia Pisana" (in الإيطالية). pisa.guidatoscana.it. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  11. ^ "Sull'agricoltura: l'andamento dell'economia pisana nel 2012" (in الإيطالية). Provincia di Pisa. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  12. ^ أ ب "Economia in tempo di crisi a Pisa e Provincia: in crescita hi-tech, vetro e meccanica. Male edilizia, commercio e manifatturiero" (in الإيطالية). PisaInforma.it. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  13. ^ "Sei in: News » Rapporto Economia 2014 della Provincia di Massa Carrara" (in الإيطالية). Confesercenti Toscana Nord. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  14. ^ "Beyond the tower... following the line of history". Provincia di Pisa. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  15. ^ "San Miniato". Provincia di Pisa. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  16. ^ "Villages". Provincia di Pisa. Retrieved 27 September 2014.

وصلات خارجية

43°43′N 10°24′E / 43.717°N 10.400°E / 43.717; 10.400

قالب:Province of Pisa

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