معاهدة القوى الأربع
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معاهدة القوى الأربع (四カ国条約, Shi-ka-koku Jōyaku) was a treaty signed by the United States, Great Britain, France and Japan at the Washington Naval Conference on 13 December 1921. It was partly a follow-on to the Lansing-Ishii Treaty, signed between the U.S. and Japan.[1] This was a treaty related to Treaty for the Limitation of Naval Armament that attempted to maintain peace in the Pacific. It was signed at Washington, D.C. on 13 December 1921.
By the Four-Power Treaty, all parties agreed to maintain the status quo in the Pacific, by respecting the Pacific territories of the other countries signing the agreement, not seeking further territorial expansion, and mutual consultation with each other in the event of a dispute over territorial possessions. However, the main result of the Four-Power Treaty was the termination of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902.[2][3]
The powers agreed to respect each other’s Pacific island dependencies for ten years.[4]
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الهامش
- ^ Vinson, 1953.
- ^ Dennis, Alfred L. P. (1922). "British Foreign Policy and the Dominions". American Political Science Review (in الإنجليزية). 16 (4): 584–599. doi:10.2307/1943639. ISSN 0003-0554. JSTOR 1943639. S2CID 147544835.
- ^ Búzás, Zoltán I. (2013). "The Color of Threat: Race, Threat Perception, and the Demise of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902–1923)". Security Studies. 22 (4): 573–606. doi:10.1080/09636412.2013.844514. ISSN 0963-6412. S2CID 144689259.
- ^ "20th-century international relations - The postwar guilt question". Encyclopedia Britannica (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-02-08.
المراجع
- Ian H. Nish, The Anglo-Japanese Alliance: The Diplomacy of Two Island Empires 1894–1907, The Athlone Press, London and Dover NH, first published 1966.
- J. Chal Vinson, "The Drafting of the Four-Power Treaty of the Washington Conference," Journal of Modern History 25#1 (Mar., 1953), pp. 40–47 online.