مشروع الدرع الذهبي
مشروع الدرع الذهبي (صينية تقليدية: 金盾工程; پنين: jīndùn gōngchéng) ، هو مشروع تملكه وزارة الأمن العام الصينية. بدأ في 1998، ونفذ في نوفمبر 2003، وتم الجزء الأول من التفتيش الوطني في 16 نوفمبر ، 2006 في بكين. وفقا لوزارة الأمن العام ، فإنه يجب على الشرطة أن تقوم ببناء شبكة اتصالات ونظام معلومات حاسوبي لتحسن من قدرتها وكفائتها. وتبعا لتلفزيون الصني المركزي، بداية من 2002، وصلت تكلفة مشروع الدرع الذهبي إلى 800 مليون دولار أمريكي (بما يعادل 6.44 مليون يوان أو 640 مليون يورو).[1]
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التاريخ
الغرض
المحتوى المراقب
- انظر مقال رئيسي: قائمة المواقع المحجوبة في الصين
While search results appear to be unfiltered[بحاجة لمصدر], if the user clicks on a censored page it will not display. Mainland Chinese Internet censorship programs have censored Web sites that include (among other things):
- Web sites belonging to outlawed or suppressed groups, such as Falun Gong and pro-democracy activists
- News sources that often cover some taboo topics such as police brutality, Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, freedom of speech, democracy, and Marxist sites.[2] These sites include Voice of America and the Chinese edition of BBC News.
- Sites related to the Taiwanese government, media, or other organizations, including sites dedicated to religious content, and most large Taiwanese community websites or blogs.
- Web sites that contain anything the Chinese authorities regard as obscenity or pornography
- Web sites relating to criminal activity
- Sites linked with the Dalai Lama, his teachings or the International Tibet Independence Movement
- Most blogging sites, such as blogger.com, wordpress.com, experience frequent or permanent outages
- Web sites deemed as subversive
Blocked Web sites are indexed to a lesser degree, if at all, by some Chinese search engines, such as Baidu and Google China. This sometimes has considerable impact on search results.[3]
According to The New York Times, Google has set up computer systems inside China that try to access Web sites outside the country. If a site is inaccessible, then it is added to Google China's blacklist.[4] However, once unblocked, the Web sites will be reindexed.
بالإختراق
- Using a proxy server outside China
- Companies can establish regional Web sites within China. This prevents their content from going through the Great Firewall of China; however, it requires companies to apply for local ICP licenses.
- The Great Firewall cannot filter secure traffic, such as traffic sent over virtual private network connections.
- Onion routing, such as Tor, can be used.
- Freegate and Ultrasurf are programs that take advantage of a number of open proxies for bypassing firewalls; they can be used as well.
(NOTE: Several security experts warn that Freegate, GTunnel, and Ultrasurf has a long history of include trojans and spyware. Internetfreedom.org is a cover for Chinese Intelligence gathering operations.)
- Software incorporating steganography such as Hacktivismo's Camera/Shy.
غير محجوبة
هذه المواقع تم رفع الحجب عليها وتشمل:
- موقع بي بي سي بالإنجليزية،(لكن ليس باللغة الصينية Website).[5]
- يو تيوب [6]. Although it has been subsequently blocked [7]
- ويكبيديا، متضمنة باللغة الصينية.[8].
- المواقع الاجتماعية ومواقع استضافة الوب بالمجان مثل ماي سبيس ، فيس بوك، وبرافنت.
- Some news sites such as CNN and NBC.
التعاون
المصادر
- ^ 金盾工程前期耗8亿美元 建全国性监视系统 (صينية)
- ^ Marquand, Robert (4 فبراير 2006). "China's media censorship rattling world image". Christian Science Monitor.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|accessyear=,|month=,|accessmonthday=, and|coauthors=(help) - ^ "controlling information: you can't get there from here -- filtering searches". The tank man. Frontline (pbs.org).
- ^ Google's China Problem (and China's Google Problem), p8
- ^ BBC News Article on the Unblocking of iteself
- ^ China Citizens Comment on the Unblocking, one mentions YouTube is also Free to access
- ^ “YouTube Blocked in China, Google Says,” [[{{{org}}}]], 24 March 2009.
- ^ A page on Chinese Wikipedia which is for visitors to report how/from where/via which ISP they can access Wikipedia (صينية)
انظر أيضا
- الرقابة على الإنترنت في الصين
- Blocking of Wikipedia in mainland China
- الإنترنت في الصين
- Media in mainland China
- International Freedom of Expression Exchange - monitors Internet censorship in China
- سياسة الصين
- حقوق الإنسان في الصين
- الرقابة على الإنترنت في أستراليا
- Green Dam Youth Escort
وصلات خارجية
- China DIgital Times: Internet Control
- ChinaGate
- Breaking Through the “Golden Shield”
- Website Test behind the Great Firewall of China. See if a website is blocked.