محافظة غواڤيارى

Coordinates: 2°34′N 72°38′W / 2.567°N 72.633°W / 2.567; -72.633
محافظة غواڤيارى
Departamento del Guaviare
محافظة
Chiribiquete view.jpg


Atareser rio guaviare 95001.jpg Panoramica 1DSC00027.JPG
Chiribiquete, Río Guaviare, San José del Guaviare.
علم محافظة غواڤيارى
Flag
درع محافظة غواڤيارى
Coat of arms
Guaviare shown in red
Guaviare shown in red
طبوغرافيا المحافظة
طبوغرافيا المحافظة
الإحداثيات: 2°34′N 72°38′W / 2.567°N 72.633°W / 2.567; -72.633
Country كولومبيا
RegionAmazon Region
تأسست4 يوليو 1991
العاصمةسان خوسيه دل گواڤيارى
الحكومة
 • المحافظNebio De Jesus Echeverry Cadavid (2016–2019)
المساحة
[1][2]
 • الإجمالي53٬460 كم² (20٬640 ميل²)
ترتيب المساحة8
التعداد
 (2018)[3]
 • الإجمالي82٬767
 • الترتيب28th
 • الكثافة1٫5/km2 (4�0/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC-05
ISO 3166 codeCO-GUV
HDI (2019)0.755[4]
high · 14th of 33

گواڤيارى ( Guaviare ؛ النطق الإسپاني: [ɡwaˈβjaɾe]) هي محافظة في كولومبيا. It is in the southern central region of the country. عاصمتها هي سان خوسيه دل گواڤيارى. Guaviare was created on July 4, 1991, by the new الدستور السياسي لكولومبيا. Up until that point, it was a national territory that operated as a commissariat, segregated from territory of the then Commissariat of Vaupés في 23 ديسمبر 1977.

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البلديات

  1. كالامار
  2. إل ريتورنو
  3. ميرافلورس
  4. سان خوسيه دل گواڤيارى


التاريخ

Originally inhabited by the indigenous Nukak people, Guaviare was one of the regions colonized during the Amazon rubber boom of the 1910s and 1940s. Many families migrated from the centre of the country, seeking fast revenue and escaping from the bi-partisan violence taking place in other regions of Colombia. Nevertheless, the 'rubber fever' ended quickly, leaving the new inhabitants of Guaviare alone in an immense rainforest difficult to conquer.[5] The boom of cocaine in the second half of the 20th century attracted new colonizers who migrated from other impoverished regions attracted by the coca revenues.  Following this new wave of colonization, the territory started growing almost 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) of coca per year.[6] Several segments of Guaviare's territory were controlled by drug traffickers and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC) guerrilla group during this period in which violence was widespread and clashes between the factions of the Colombian armed conflict were constant. According to Colombia's Victims Unit, the conflict in Guaviare has had more than 93,000 victims since 1985, with more than 83,000 displaced and 6,612 dead.[7]

The Colombian government's efforts to fight against coca cultivation have faced several difficulties. Aerial aspersion of glyphosate over the coca crops was suspended by a judicial order as it was potentially risky for the health of the inhabitants. Additionally, plans to replace coca with other crops have encountered legal, environmental, and economic restrains that limit their viability.[8] None of these crops could match the level of profit that coca provided.[9] The introduction of cattle to the region has reduced the farmers' dependence on coca by generating alternative sources of income. However, deforestation caused by cattle-ranching has led to droughts, fires, and loss of biodiversity.

The demobilization of the FARC in 2016 has led to the improvement of the living conditions in rural areas of Guaviare, although FARC dissident groups that did not demobilize still exert territorial control of some zones of the department.

السكان

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1985 47٬073—    
1993 97٬602+107.3%
2005 95٬551−2.1%
2018 82٬767−13.4%
المصدر:[10]

التركيبة العرقية

النوكاك Nukak، قبيلة رحالة ظلت غير متصلة بباقي البشر حتى 1988، يعيشون في گواڤيارى.

الهامش

  1. ^ "Datos y Cifras del Guaviare" (PDF). Gobernacion del Guaviare. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-02-16. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
  2. ^ Kline, Harvey F. (2012). "Guariare, Department of". Historical Dictionary of Colombia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-8108-7813-6.
  3. ^ "DANE". Archived from the original on November 13, 2009. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  4. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  5. ^ "Can a Tropical Bird Take the Jungles of Colombia out of the 'Conflict Trap'?". Strife (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). 2020-12-16. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
  6. ^ MinJusticia. "Caracterización Regional de la problemática asociada a las drogas ilícitas en el departamento de Guaviare" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ Victim's Unit. "General Report".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ Investigación científica para el desarrollo sostenible de la región Amazónica Colombiana. "ZONIFICACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y ORDENAMIENTO DE LA RESERVA FORESTAL DE LA AMAZONÍA, CREADA MEDIANTE LA LEY 2ª DE 1959, EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE GUAVIARE" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ "Los retos para sustituir los cultivos de coca en el Guaviare". Cerosetenta (in الإسبانية). 2017-12-13. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
  10. ^ "Reloj de Población". DANE. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísitica. Archived from the original on 28 October 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2017.

المراجع

وصلات خارجية


قالب:Guaviare-geo-stub

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