ماستريخت
Maastricht
Mestreech | |
---|---|
النشيد: Mestreechs Volksleed | |
الإحداثيات: 50°51′N 5°41′E / 50.850°N 5.683°E | |
Country | Netherlands |
Province | Limburg |
Settled | ≈ 500 BC |
City rights | 1204 |
الأحياء | 7 Districts
|
الحكومة | |
• الكيان | Municipal council |
• Mayor | Annemarie Penn-te Strake |
المساحة | |
• Municipality | 60٫03 كم² (23٫18 ميل²) |
• البر | 56٫81 كم² (21٫93 ميل²) |
• الماء | 3٫22 كم² (1٫24 ميل²) |
المنسوب | 49 m (161 ft) |
التعداد | |
• Municipality | 121٬501 |
• الكثافة | 2٬139/km2 (5٬540/sq mi) |
• Urban | 121٬906 |
• العمرانية | 182٬721 |
Urban and metro population for Dutch area only, thus excluding Belgian environs[6] | |
صفة المواطن | (Dutch) Maastrichtenaar; (Limb.) Mestreechteneer or Sjeng |
منطقة التوقيت | UTC+1 (CET) |
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Postcode | 6200–6229 |
Area code | 043 |
الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
ماستريخت (Maastricht ؛ هولندية: [maːˈstrɪxt] ( استمع);[7] Limburgish (incl. Maastrichtian): Mestreech [məˈstʁeːç]; French: Maestricht (archaic); Spanish: Mastrique (archaic)) is a town and a municipality in the southeast of the Netherlands. It is the capital city in the province of Limburg.
تقع ماستريخت على ضفتي نهر موز (بالهولندية: Maas)، عند النقطة التي يلتقي رافده نهر يكر (بالفرنسية: Geer) .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
التاريخ
المناخ
Climate data for Maastricht | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.5 (59.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
26.7 (80.1) |
30.6 (87.1) |
34.0 (93.2) |
35.9 (96.6) |
36.2 (97.2) |
31.3 (88.3) |
26.6 (79.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
16.4 (61.5) |
36.2 (97.2) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) |
6.1 (43.0) |
10.1 (50.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
18.3 (64.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.0 (73.4) |
19.1 (66.4) |
14.7 (58.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
5.8 (42.4) |
14.1 (57.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
6.3 (43.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.2 (61.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
14.7 (58.5) |
10.9 (51.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
3.5 (38.3) |
10.2 (50.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
8.5 (47.3) |
11.3 (52.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
13.2 (55.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.9 (33.6) |
6.3 (43.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −19.3 (−2.7) |
−14.7 (5.5) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.2 (41.4) |
5.5 (41.9) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 65.3 (2.57) |
57.4 (2.26) |
61.8 (2.43) |
45.1 (1.78) |
65.9 (2.59) |
70.5 (2.78) |
69.6 (2.74) |
72.3 (2.85) |
61.6 (2.43) |
67.2 (2.65) |
65.3 (2.57) |
70.8 (2.79) |
772.8 (30.44) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 12 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 126 |
Average snowy days | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 30 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 87 | 84 | 80 | 74 | 73 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 82 | 85 | 89 | 89 | 81 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 59.9 | 79.3 | 119.3 | 164.0 | 194.9 | 188.9 | 202.8 | 187.3 | 140.0 | 113.6 | 65.9 | 44.9 | 1٬560٫8 |
Source 1: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (1981–2010 normals, snowy days normals for 1971–2000)[8] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (1971–2000 extremes)[9] |
Demographics
Total population
|
Inhabitants by nationality
Maastricht residents by nationality - Top 10 (1 January 2014)[13] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nationality | 2014 | 2010 | 2000 |
Netherlands | 107,418 | 109,722 | 116,171 |
Germany | 3,869 | 1,956 | 783 |
Belgium | 1,055 | 946 | 909 |
United Kingdom | 815 | 386 | 280 |
Italy | 653 | 387 | 280 |
الولايات المتحدة | 623 | 277 | 162 |
China | 595 | 248 | 87 |
Spain | 431 | 232 | 241 |
Turkey | 404 | 368 | 404 |
France | 351 | 214 | 120 |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inhabitants by country of birth
Maastricht residents by country of birth - Top 10 (1 January 2013)[14] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Country of birth | 2013 | 2010 | 2000 |
Netherlands | 100,269 | 102,433 | 109,632 |
Germany | 4,100 | 2,467 | 1,444 |
Belgium | 1,920 | 1,839 | 1,900 |
Indonesia | 1,199 | 1,267 | 1,556 |
Turkey | 919 | 836 | 784 |
Morocco | 838 | 867 | 859 |
Former Soviet Union | 842 | 564 | 183 |
الولايات المتحدة | 753 | 383 | 217 |
United Kingdom | 677 | 404 | 310 |
China (excl. Hong Kong and Macau) | 651 | 373 | 215 |
المسافات للمدن الأخرى
These distances are as the crow flies and therefore not represent actual overland distances.
- Liège: 25.5 km (15.8 mi) south
- Aachen: 31.0 km (19.3 mi) east
- Düsseldorf: 86.2 km (53.6 mi) north-east
- Cologne: 89.6 km (55.7 mi) east
- Brussels: 95.1 km (59.1 mi) west
- Antwerp: 97.8 km (60.8 mi) north-west
- Bonn: 99.9 km (62.1 mi) south-east
- Luxembourg City: 141.4 km (87.9 mi) south
- Utrecht: 142.4 km (88.5 mi) north-west
- Rotterdam: 144.5 km (89.8 mi) north-west
- Amsterdam: 175.1 km (108.8 mi) north-west
- Lille: 186.3 km (115.8 mi) west
- Frankfurt am Main: 228.8 km (142.2 mi) south-east
- Leeuwarden: 261.6 km (162.6 mi) north
- Paris: 326.6 km (202.9 mi) south-west
- لندن: 411.5 km (255.7 mi) north-west
انظر أيضاً
الهامش
- ^ "Mrs. Annemarie Penn-te Strake" (in Dutch). Gemeente Maastricht. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten" [Key figures for neighbourhoods]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Postcodetool for 6211DW". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
{{cite web}}
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(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand". CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Stadsgewesten en stedelijke agglomeraties Nederland 2011" (PDF). Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. 2011. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
- ^ Local pronunciation: [maːˈstʁɪx̟t]
- ^
"Klimaattabel Maastricht, langjarige gemiddelden, tijdvak 1981–2010" (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^
"Klimaattabel Maastricht, langjarige extremen, tijdvak 1971–2000" (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ أ ب Jansen, J.C.G.M. (1986). "Maastricht tussen 1813 en 1850" (PDF). BMCN. 101 (4): 529–550. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per jaar". Retrieved 17 December 2012.
- ^ Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand". Retrieved 12 April 2013.
- ^ "Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, nationaliteit en regio, 1 januari (in Dutch)". Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, nationaliteit en regio, 1 januari. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. 2014: page 1. 24 October 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
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:|page=
has extra text (help) - ^ "Bevolking op 1 januari; leeftijd, geboorteland en regio (in Dutch)". Bevolking op 1 januari; leeftijd, geboorteland en regio. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. 201w: page 1. 17 July 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
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has extra text (help)
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وصلات خارجية
Find more about ماستريخت at Wikipedia's sister projects | |
Media from Commons | |
Travel guide from Wikivoyage |
- Maastricht city portal
- Maastricht municipality website
- Maastricht in Roman times
- Webpage about Maastricht fortifications
- Webpage about the 1673 siege
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
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- Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters
- ماستريخت
- مدن هولندا
- Municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
- Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
- Provincial capitals of the Netherlands
- University towns in the Netherlands
- Belgium–Netherlands border crossings