ليپيتسك

Lipetsk
Липецк
City[1]
Sobornaya Square
Sobornaya Square
علم Lipetsk
Flag
درع Lipetsk
Coat of arms
Lipetsk is located in روسيا
Lipetsk
Lipetsk
Location of Lipetsk
Lipetsk is located in Lipetsk Oblast
Lipetsk
Lipetsk
Lipetsk (Lipetsk Oblast)
الإحداثيات: 52°37′N 39°36′E / 52.617°N 39.600°E / 52.617; 39.600Coordinates: 52°37′N 39°36′E / 52.617°N 39.600°E / 52.617; 39.600
البلدروسيا
الكيان الاتحاديLipetsk Oblast[1]
Founded1703[2]
City status sinceSeptember 27, 1779[2]
الحكومة
 • الكيانCouncil of Deputies[3]
 • Head[3]Yevgenia Uvarkina[4]
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[5]
 • الإجمالي508٬887
 • Estimate 
(January 2014)[6]
509٬719
 • الترتيب36th in 2010
 • Subordinated toLipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
 • Capital ofLipetsk Oblast[1], Lipetsky District[1]
 • Urban okrugLipetsk Urban Okrug[7]
 • Capital ofLipetsk Urban Okrug[7], Lipetsky Municipal District[7]
Postal code(s)[8]
398000–398002, 398004–398007, 398011, 398013–398017, 398019, 398020, 398024–398027, 328029, 328032, 328035–328038, 328040–328043, 328046, 328048, 328050, 328054–328056, 328058, 328059, 328070, 328700, 328899, 328910, 328999
Dialing code(s)+7 4742
City DayThird Sunday in July[9]
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.lipetskcity.ru

Lipetsk (روسية: Ли́пецк, IPA: [ˈlʲipʲɪtsk]), also romanized as Lipeck, is a city and the administrative center of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Voronezh River in the Don basin, 438 kilometers (272 mi) southeast of Moscow. Population: 496٬403 (تعداد 2021)؛[10] 508,887 (تعداد 2010);[5] 506,114 (تعداد 2002);[11] 449,635 (تعداد 1989).[12]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
189721٬000—    
192620٬950−0.2%
193966٬644+218.1%
1959156٬515+134.9%
1970289٬138+84.7%
1979395٬638+36.8%
1989449٬635+13.6%
2002506٬114+12.6%
2010508٬887+0.5%
2021496٬403−2.5%
Source: Census data

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History

Monument to Peter the Great

Lipetsk was first mentioned in the 13th century chronicles.[بحاجة لمصدر] The name means "Linden city" and is cognate with Leipzig and Liepāja.[13] In 1284, the city was destroyed by the Mongols.

The foundation of the modern city dates back to 1703,[2] when Peter the Great ordered construction of a cast iron factory in Lipetsk near the iron ore deposits for making artillery shells.[بحاجة لمصدر] On September 27, 1779, Lipetsk was granted town status.[2] It became one of the principal towns of Tambov Governorate.

In 1879, Lipetsk hosted a congress of members of Land and Liberty.

After the Treaty of Rapallo (1922) until 1933, the much-reduced German Army (Reichswehr) of the Weimar Republic secretly contracted with Soviet authorities to operate a clandestine military aviation base and test facility near Lipetsk – circumventing prohibitions of the Versailles Treaty. The base enabled technical collaboration by the two powers whose separate defeats in World War I left them isolated in post-war Europe. This activity inside the USSR took place away from the vigilant eyes of the victors.[14] The Abwehr, The SS and German Army Group Centre penetrated part of this Lindenstadt Region in 1941–2.


Administrative and municipal status

Lipetsk is the administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Lipetsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Lipetsk Urban Okrug.[7]

Economy

The principal industries of Lipetsk include ferrous metallurgy, machinery, metalworking, machine tools, engines, chemicals, food, and clothing.

The former steel combine was privatized in 1992 and Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK) with approximately 48,000 employees and a 64% export ratio (2005) is one of the largest employers in the oblast. In 2008, the company's revenue was $11.7 billion.[بحاجة لمصدر] Other industry are another metallurgical plant "Svobodny Sokol" ("Free Falcon"), a tractor factory LTZ, solvent-extraction plant Liboil (largest rapeseed oil producer in Central Federal District and the second in Russia), pipe factory, a factory for refrigerators and household appliances, an ice factory, lathe factory, chemical factories, etc. Industry is mainly located south of the Voronezh River.

Transportation

Bus in Lipetsk, 2007

Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Lipetsk and Moscow.[15] Trams, trolleybuses and buses provide local public transportation. The municipality aspires to renovate the tramway network as it is largely segregated from motor traffic. It has negotiated a 10-year, RUR 30 billion loan from the European Bank of Reconstruction & Development for tramway renewal.[16]

Health care

Lipetsk is one of the oldest mud bath and balneological resorts in Russia (first opened in 1805). Peat mud and chalybeate bicarbonate calcic springs are used to treat patients. Sulphate and chloride sodium water is used for therapeutic baths and drinking.

Education

Lipetsk State Academic Drama Theater named after Leo Tolstoy

Lipetsk is home of the Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk State Pedagogical University, and some other colleges.

Military

MiG-19 on the plinth in front of 4th Center of Combat Application and Conversion of Frontline Aviation

At the Lipetsk Air Base north of the town, the 4th Center of Combat Application and Conversion of Frontline Aviation named after Valery Chkalov is situated in Lipetsk.

The Lipetsk Air Center's chief, colonel Kharchevsky, has become famous after trial air combats in the United States and being a personal pilot of President Putin.

The city is also served by the smaller Lipetsk Airport.

On 24 February 2024, Ukraine claimed that its drones set fire to the Novolipetsk steel plant in Lipetsk. No casualties were reported however the facility was evacuated.[17]

Twin towns and sister cities

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Lipetsk is twinned with:

Country City Start
ألمانيا Germany Cottbus[18] 1974
الصين China Anshan 1992
إيطاليا Italy Fabriano 2003

Notable people

References

Notes

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ Law #382-OZ
  2. ^ أ ب ت ث Charter of Lipetsk, Article 1
  3. ^ أ ب Charter of Lipetsk, Article 5
  4. ^ Official website of Lipetsk. Sergey Vyacheslavovich Ivanov, Head of Lipetsk (in روسية)
  5. ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ^ Lipetsk Oblast Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Оценка численности городского и сельского населения по городским округам и муниципальным районам Archived مارس 4, 2016 at the Wayback Machine (in روسية)
  7. ^ أ ب ت ث Law #536-OZ
  8. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in روسية)
  9. ^ Charter of Lipetsk, Article 4
  10. ^ invalid reference parameter
  11. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  12. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  13. ^ "Происхождение названий. БЛАГОДАРЯ КАЗУСАМ И ВПЕЧАТЛЕНИЯМ".
  14. ^ Wolf Oschlies: Symbiose der Geächteten. Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung, Nr. 38, 19. September 2009, p. 10
  15. ^ "Train Station in Lipetsk" (in الروسية). Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
  16. ^ "Two Russian cities get EBRD infrastructure loans [EBRD - News and events ]". Archived from the original on يناير 21, 2013. Retrieved يناير 2, 2013.
  17. ^ "Ukraine says it struck big Russian steel plant on invasion anniversary" (in الإنجليزية). Reuters. 2024-02-24. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  18. ^ "Our twin cities- Cottbus". Cottbus. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-24.


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Sources

External links

معرفة المصادر بها نص من the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica مقالة Lipetsk.

قالب:Lipetsk Oblast

تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=ليبيتسك&oldid=4017246"