لستر فرانك وارد
لستر ف. وارد Lester F. Ward | |
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وُلِدَ | لستر فرانك وارد يونيو 18, 1841 |
توفي | أبريل 18, 1913 | (aged 71)
المثوى | واترتاون، نيويورك |
الجنسية | أمريكي |
المدرسة الأم |
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المهنة |
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رب العمل | |
اللقب | علم النبات العتيق، علم الاجتماع، وطرح علم الاجتماع كتخصص للتعليم العالي. |
الزوج | إليزابث كارولين ڤوت (ليزي)؛ بعض المصادر تطلق عليها إليزابث كارولين بوت. |
الوالدان |
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لستر ف. وارد Lester F. Ward (و. 18 يونيو 1841 - ت. 18 أبريل 1913)، هو عالم نبات، عالم نبات عتيق، وعالم اجتماع أمريكي.[1] كان أول رئيس للجمعية الأمريكية لعلم الاجتماع.
كان أول من طرح فصول علم الاجتماع في التعليم العالي الأمريكي. كان يعتقد بأن بلمجتمع المدار علمياً جاذبية خاصة للمفكرين أثناء الفترة التقدمية. كان تأثيره في بعض الدوائر (انظر: الإنجيل الاجتماعي) متأثراً بآراؤه حول الكهنوت المنظم، والذي كان يؤمن بمسئوليته عن الشر أكثر من الخير عبر التاريخ الإنساني.
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حياته
السنوات المبكرة
التعليم لامبكر
الزواج والخدمة في الحرب الأهلية
الكلية
العمل البحثي والمسح الجيولوجي الأمريكي
جامعة براون - علم الاجتماع
أعمال وأفكار
المساواة النسوية
السياسة البيئية في الولايات المتحدة
تفوق البيض والعرق
اللاماركيانية
الإيجابية
نظرية الحرب والصراع
التأثير على السياسة الحكومية الأمريكية
يوميات وارد
اقتباسات
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المراجع
- Becker, Ernest; Escape From Evil; Free Press, reissue edition; 1985.
- John Chynoweth Burnham (1956). Lester Frank Ward in American thought. Annals of American sociology. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press.
- Samuel Chugerman (1939). Lester F. Ward, the American Aristotle: A Summary and Interpretation of His Sociology. Literary Licensing, LLC. ISBN 1258105985.
- Chriss, James J. (2006). "The Place of Lester Ward among the Sociological Classics". Journal of Classical Sociology. 6 (1): 5–21. doi:10.1177/1468795X06061282.
- Commager, Henry Steele (1950). "Lester Ward and the Science of Society". The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character Since the 1880's. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300000464.
- Commager, Henry Steele, ed.; Lester Ward and the Welfare State. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1967.
- Coser, Lewis; A History of Sociological Analysis, Basic Books, New York http://www.sociology.ccsu.edu/adair/american_trends_by_lewis_coser.htm
- Dahms,Harry F.; Lester F. Ward http://web.utk.edu/~hdahms/Ward.pdf
- Finlay, Barbara; Lester Frank Ward as a Sociologist Of Gender: A New Look at His Sociological Work; Gender & Society, Vol. 13, No. 2, 251-265 (1999) http://gas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/2/251
- Gossett, Thomas F.; Race: The History of an Idea in America, pg. 160 http://books.google.com/books?id=WUucYTW6ug0C&pg=PP1&dq=Race:+the+history+of+an+idea+in+America&client=opera#v=onepage&q=&f=false
- Harp, Gillis J.; Positivist Republic, Ch. 5 "Lester F. Ward: Positivist Whig" http://books.google.com/books?id=8M_6u9DO7PwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0
- Hofstadter, Richard.; Social Darwinism in American Thought, Chapter 4, (original 1944, 1955; reprint Boston: Beacon Press, 1992). http://books.google.com/books?id=Ty8aEmWc_ekC&dq=Social+Darwinism+in+American+Thought&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=ahuvSd3ENJ6DtwfatZn-BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result
- Largey, Gale; Lester Ward: A Global Sociologist http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/2/3/7/7/0/pages237708/p237708-1.php
- Mers, Adelheid; Fusion http://adelheidmers.org/aweb/fusion.pdf
- Perlstadt,Harry; Applied Sociology as Translational Research: A One Hundred Fifty Year Voyage http://www.msu.edu/~perlstad/History_Applied_Sociology_H_Perlstadt_Jun_05.pdf
- Rafferty, Edward C.; Apostle of Human Progress. Lester Frank Ward and American Political Thought, 1841/1913. http://books.google.com/books?id=4Q_5F1gu-mMC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
- Ravitch, Diane; Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms; Simon & Schuster; Chapter one: The Educational Ladder http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/r/ravitch-back.html
- Ross, John R.; Man over Nature: the origins of the conservation movement https://journals.ku.edu/index.php/amerstud/article/view/2348/2307
- Ross, Dorthy; The Origins of American Social Science; Cambridge University Press http://books.google.com/books?id=rg4blh6xmhIC&pg=PA85&dq=%22beginnings+of+sociology%22+Dorothy+Ross&num=50&client=opera&sig=ACfU3U3yskKN_N59SPWMHWZttxk4Oo48MQ
- Seidelman,Raymond and Harpham, Edward J.; Disenchanted Realists: Political Science and the American Crisis, 1884–1984; pg. 26 http://books.google.com/books?id=09-ZDrzUz-gC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0
- Wood, Clement; The Sociology Of Lester F Ward https://archive.org/details/sociologyofleste033176mbp
أعمال مختارة
1880-1889
- Ward, Lester F. (1881). "Guide to the Flora of Washington, D.C and Vicinity". http://books.google.ca. Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum - Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Washington: Washington Printing Office. 26 (22): 363–469.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1883). Dynamic Sociology (Vol. 1). Or Applied social science as based upon statical sociology and the less complex sciences. Vol. Vol. 1 of 2. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1885). "Sketch of Paleobotany". http://www.archive.org. Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum - Extract from the Fifth Annual Report of the Director, 1883-'84. Washington: Washington Printing Office. ?? (??): 363–469.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1885). "Synopsis of the Flora of the Laramie Group". http://www.archive.org. Chicago: U.S. Geological Survey. 6: 399–557.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1887). "Types of the Laramie Flora". http://archive.org. Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum - Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Washington: Washington Printing Office. ?? (37): 363–469.
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1890-1899
- Ward, Lester F. (1891). Neo-Darwinism and Neo-Lamarckism. Washington: Gedney & Roberts Co.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1893). The Psycic Factors of Civilization. Boston: Ginn & Co.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1895). Contributions to Social Philosophy. II. Sociology and Cosmology. Vol. Vol. 1, No. 2. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 132–145.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1895). Contributions to Social Philosophy. III. Sociology and Biology. Vol. Vol. 1, No. 3. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 313–326.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1895). Contributions to Social Philosophy. IV. Sociology and Anthropology. Vol. Vol. 1, No. 4. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 426–433.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1896). Contributions to Social Philosophy. V. Sociology and Psychology. Vol. Vol. 1, No. 5. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 618–632.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1896). Contributions to Social Philosophy. VI. The Data of Sociology. Vol. Vol. 1, No. 6. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 738–752.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1896). Contributions to Social Philosophy. VII. The Social Forces. Vol. Vol. 2, No. 1. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 82–95.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1896). Contributions to Social Philosophy. VIII. The Mechanics of Society. Vol. Vol. 2, No. 2. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 234–254.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1896). Contributions to Social Philosophy. IX. The Purpose of Sociology. Vol. Vol. 2, No. 3. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 446–460.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1897). Contributions to Social Philosophy. X. Social Genesis. Vol. Vol. 2, No. 4. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 532–546.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1897). Contributions to Social Philosophy. XI. Individual Telesis. Vol. Vol. 2, No. 5. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 699–717.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1897). Contributions to Social Philosophy. XII. Collective Telesis. Vol. Vol. 2, No. 6. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 801–822.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1897). Dynamic Sociology (Vol. 2). Or Applied social science as based upon statical sociology and the less complex sciences. Vol. Vol. 2 of 2. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1898). Outlines of Sociology. London: The Macmillan Co.
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1900-1909
- Ward, Lester F. (January 1902). "Contemporary Sociology, I-IV (Part 1 of 3)". http://www.archive.org. American Journal of Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 7 (4).
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- Ward, Lester F. (March 1902). "Contemporary Sociology, V-VIII (Part 2 of 3)". http://www.archive.org. American Journal of Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 7 (5): 629–658.
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- Ward, Lester F. (May 1902). Contemporary Sociology, IX-XII (Part 3 of 3). American Journal of Sociology. Vol. Vol. 7. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 749–762.
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- (1903) Pure Sociology. A Treatise on the Origin and Spontaneous Development of Society. (2,625 KB - PDF)
- Ward, Lester F. (1905). "Status of the Mesozoic floras of the United States, Vol. 1". http://www.archive.org. Monographs of the U.S. Geological Survey. Washington: Washington Printing Office. 48 (Part 1 - Text): 5–616.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1905). "Status of the Mesozoic floras of the United States, Vol. 2". http://www.archive.org. Monographs of the U.S. Geological Survey. Washington: Washington Printing Office. 48 (Part 2 - Plates): ~500pp.
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- Dealey, James Q.; Ward, Lester F. (1905). A Text-Book of Sociology. London: The Macmillan Co.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1906). Applied Sociology. A Treatise on the Conscious Improvement of Society by Society. New York, et al: Ginn & Co.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1908). Social Classes in the Light of Modern Sociological Theory. Vol. Vol. 13. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 617–627.
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1910-1919
- Ward, Lester F. (1913). Eugenics, Euthenics, and Eudemics. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 737–754.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1913–1918). Glimpses of the Cosmos, Vol. 1. Vol. 6 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1913–1918). Glimpses of the Cosmos, Vol. 2. Vol. 6 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1913–1918). Glimpses of the Cosmos, Vol. 3. Vol. 6 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1913–1918). Glimpses of the Cosmos, Vol. 4. Vol. 6 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1913–1918). Glimpses of the Cosmos, Vol. 5. Vol. 6 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1913–1918). Glimpses of the Cosmos, Vol. 6. Vol. 6 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ "WARD, Lester Frank". The International Who's Who in the World: p. 1067. 1912.
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قراءات إضافية
مراجع أساسية
- Commager, Henry Steele, ed., Lester Frank Ward and the Welfare State (1967), major writings by Ward, and long introduction by Commager
- Stern, Bernhard J. ed. Young Ward's Diary: A Human and Eager Record of the Years Between 1860 and 1870 as They Were Lived in the Vicinity of the Little Town of Towanda, Pennsylvania; in the Field as a Rank and File Soldier in the Union Army; and Later in the Nation's Capital, by Lester Ward Who became the First Great Sociologist This Country Produced (1935)
مراجع ثانوية
- Bannister, Robert. Sociology and Scientism: The American Quest for Objectivity, 1880-1940 (1987), pp 13–31.
- Burnham, John C. "Lester Frank Ward as Natural Scientist," American Quarterly 1954 6#3 pp. 259–265 in JSTOR
- Chugerman, Samuel. Lester F. Ward, the American Aristotle: A Summary and Interpretation of His Sociology (Duke University Press, 1939)
- Fine, Sidney. Laissez Faire and the General-Welfare State: A Study of Conflict in American Thought, 1865-1901 (1956), pp 252–88
- Muccigrosso, Robert, ed. Research Guide to American Historical Biography (1988) 3:1570-4
- Nelson, Alvin F. "Lester Ward's Conception of the Nature of Science," Journal of the History of Ideas (1972) 33#4 pp. 633–638 in JSTOR
- Scott, Clifford H. Lester Frank Ward (1976)
وصلات هارجية
مراجع أساسية
- Guide to the Lester Frank Ward Collection, 1860-1913, Brown University Library Collections
- Guide to the Lester Frank Ward Papers, 1883-1919, Special Collections Research Center, Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, the George Washington University
- Smithsonian Institution Archives. "Lester Frank Ward Papers, 1882–1913, with Related Materials to Circa 1965". http://collections.si.edu. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
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- Lester Ward (search of Archive.org). "Internet Archive Search: Ward, Lester". https://archive.org/. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
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مراجع ثانوية
- Ralf Schreyer. "Lester Frank Ward: Sociology - Primary Resources". http://www.geocities.ws/ralf_schreyer. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
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- The Sunday Review; Towanda, Pennsylvania
- Short biography
- A Lester Ward web site
- Public Sociology website
- Mansfield professor makes documentary on Lester Frank Ward
سبقه — |
رئيس الجمعية الأمريكية لعلم الاجتماع 1906–1907 |
تبعه وليام گراهام سمنر |
- CS1 errors: extra text: pages
- علماء نبات ذوي مختصرات اسمية
- CS1 errors: periodical ignored
- CS1 errors: extra text: volume
- مواليد 1841
- وفيات 1913
- عالم اجتماع أمريكي
- كتاب من جوليت، إلينوي
- رؤساء الجمعية الأمريكية لعلم الاجتماع
- أنثويون ذكور
- ليبراليون اشتراكيون أمريكان
- كتاب أمريكان من القرن 19
- كتاب أمريكان من القرن 20
- طاقم تدريس جامعة براون