لاماركوس أدنا تومپسون
LaMarcus Adna Thompson | |
|---|---|
 LaMarcus Thompson | |
| وُلِدَ | 8 مارس 1848 |
| توفي | 8 مايو 1919 (aged 71) |
| الجنسية | أمريكي |
لاماركوس أدنا تومپسون LaMarcus Adna Thompson (و.مارس 1848 - ت. 8 مايو 1919) مخترع ورجل الأعمال الأميركي الأكثر شهرة لتطوير العديد من ألعاب الركوب الممتعة الخطيرة. حصل على براءة اختراع الأفعوانية. كوني آيلاند كانت محطة نهائية لشبكة الترولي في نيويورك، وكان فيها متنزه ملاهي ذائع الصيت في 1884، حين افتتح تومپسون لعبة جديدة - سكة الحديد الراجعة بمتعة الجاذبية. فبتذكرة بخمس سنتات، تراص الركاب في عربات تهبط بالجاذبية على قضبان سكة خشبية متموجة طولها 200 متر، ليصلوا إلى أقصى سرعة، وهي 10 كم/ساعة. لاقت الركوبة نجاحاً منقطع النظير، حتى أن استثمار تومبسون الأصلي البالغ 1,600 دولار استرده في ثلاثة أسابيع. وفي أربع سنوات، قام ببناء 50 ركوبة مماثلة في أنحاء أمريكا واوروبا. وفي 22 ديسمبر 1885، تقدم بطلب براءة اختراع "Gravity pleasure switch-back railway".
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النشأة
Thompson was born in Jersey, Licking County, Ohio on March 8, 1848. His parents were Adna Thompson (father), and Nancy D Thompson (mother). He had a brother named Olvid. In his adolescence, he became a skilled carpenter. In 1873 he began operating a grocery store in Elkhart, Indiana. There he began designing a device to manufacture seamless stockings and tights for women. He made a fortune in that business, but failing health forced him to quit.[1]
رائد ركوبة الحلزونة
Thompson is best known for his early work developing roller coasters and for inventing the scenic railway genre of rides. He is known as the "Father of the American Roller Coaster"[2] and is often also called the "Father of the Gravity Ride". Over his lifetime, Thompson accumulated nearly thirty patents related to roller coaster technologies. An example is the patent granted December 22, 1884 for the Gravity Switch-back Railway.[3] Thompson's work built upon an earlier patent for an "Inclined Plane Railway", filed in 1878 by Richard Knudson.[4]
Thompson's breakthrough ride was the "Gravity Switchback Railway", which opened at Coney Island in 1884. A (6 mph) ride cost 5 cents. In 1887, along with designer James A. Griffiths, he opened the Scenic Railway on the Boardwalk in Atlantic City, N.J. Thompson's scenic railway concept initially was intended to give riders a scenic view of the surrounding landscape; later, Thompson created elaborate painted backgrounds and scenes so that riders would feel like they were touring the Swiss Alps or other foreign landscapes.[2]
Thompson was managing director of the L. A. Thompson Scenic Railway Company, 220 West 42nd St., incorporated in 1895. Thompson's scenic railways were immensely popular during the first and second decade of the 1900s, and his company operated six major scenic railways at Coney Island alone during that time.[2] Dozens of scenic railways operated throughout the U.S. and in Europe. Eventually, the scenic railway was eclipsed by faster and more thrilling roller coaster rides made possible by improvements in roller coaster safety technology.[2]
Thompson died at his home, Thompson Park, Glen Cove, Long Island, on May 8, 1919, at age 71.
المصادر
- ^ "L. A. Thompson Dead. Inventor of Scenic Railway Dies at His Home, Thompson Park". The New York Times. March 9, 1919. p. 20.
- ^ أ ب ت ث David A. Sullivan. "LaMarcus Adna Thompson's Scenic Railways at Coney Island". heartofconeyisland.com. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
- ^ "Google patents, US patent# 332762, GRAVITY SWITCH-BACK RAILWAY". Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ Frato, John (July 5, 2022). "Opening Day: First Roller Coaster in the USA June 16, 1884". Western Reserve Historical Society. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2023.