كونساگ

هذا المقال هو عن المنطقة التقليدية في المجر. إذا كنت تريد مناطق أخرى، انظر قومانيا.

Kunság (Cumania) Jászkunság (Jazygia-Cumania)
كيان حكم ذاتي the مملكة المجر
1279–1876
Banner (1618) درع
المجر الأرپادية؛ بالأصفر، المناطق التي استوطنتها شعوب القومان و Jazyg، و Pecheneg
العاصمة	Kiskunfélegyháza (قومانيا الصغرى) Karcag (قومانيا الكبرى)
صفة المواطن	قومان/كون
المساحة
• 1820s	420 km2 (160 sq mi)
التعداد
• 1855	120000
التاريخ
التاريخ
• منح الحكم الذاتي العرقي	1279
• خلق المقار	15th century
• Ottoman occupation	1540s
• بيعت إلى Teutonic Order	1702
• أُخمِدت طبقاً لـTreaty of Szatmár	1711
• Restored as Jászkunság	1745
• Disestablished	1876
سبقها تلاها مملكة المجر (1000–1301) Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun County Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County (former)
اليوم جزء من	المجر

كونساگ (Kunság ؛ ألمانية: Kumanien؛ لاتينية: Cumania) هي منطقة تاريخية وعرقية وجغرافية في المجر، تناظر كيان سياسي سابق خلقه عرق القومان أو الكون. وهي حالياً منقسمة بين مقاطعتي باتش-كيشكون و ياس-ناتكون-سولنوك؛ اللتين تناظران تقريباً الكيانين التقليديين المتميزين، قومانيا الصغرى و قومانيا الكبرى، المفصولات طولياً بنهر تيسا. كونساگ وأقسامها نـُظـِّما لأول مرة ضمن مملكة المجر كمقر لشعب القومان شبه الرحال الهارب من من الامبراطورية المنغولية. جيوب القومان كانت تـُضم أحياناً مع يازيگيا، التي كانت منظمة بشكل مماثل ومسماة على اسم الرحل الأوسـِت.

كونساگ كانت نتيجة الاستعمار الثاني والنهائي للقومان في المجر؛ while not the only Cuman-inhabited area, it remained the only center of Cuman self-rule بعد نهاية المجر الأرپادية. Tradition dates its emergence to 1279, when Ladislaus IV, a half-Cuman King of Hungary, granted its first set of fiscal and judicial privileges. These were confirmed in the 15th century, when Cumans began organizing themselves into "seats" overseen by a Palatine of the Kingdom. However, the consolidation of feudalism created dissatisfaction across the region, leading to its participation in György Dózsa's uprising of 1514.

The area was devastated during the Ottoman–Hungarian wars, and further depopulated by the Ottoman occupation of Hungary. It was recolonized by Cumans, Hungarians and Slovaks upon the establishment of Habsburg Hungary. The new regime granted Kunság to the Teutonic Order and repressed Cuman separatism, especially after the inhabitants' willing participation in Rákóczi's War of Independence. Centralizing tendencies were nevertheless toned down under Maria Theresa and, in 1745, Kunság and Jazygia were merged into a single autonomous district, whose inhabitants were allowed to buy their way out of serfdom. The prosperous region had a population boom, which allowed its now-mixed population to colonize other parts of the realm.

Intellectual debates about the characteristics and role of Cuman identity first took place under Josephinism, and were prolonged over the following centuries—even as the Cuman language had died out. Initially, Kunság intellectuals described their identity as Finno-Ugric and complementing Hungarian nationalism. With this shift in discourse, Kunság and Jazygia ceased to exist politically in 1876, when they were folded into larger and less autonomous counties. Popular interest in the Cuman legacy endures into the 21st century, with more emphasis placed on the region's Turkic roots, as well as on differences between Cuman and non-Cuman Hungarians.

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 التاريخ

 الأصول

First page of the Chronicon Pictum, showing Louis I's court. On the right are warriors in Oriental clothing, including a yellow-clad Cuman

 الاستجماع

Cuman and Jazygian seats (marked by crescents) within the autonomous territories, ca. 1500; Cumans are in green, Jazygians in orange, with shading marking unorganized or assimilated areas of settlement

 خلق ياش‌كونساگ

خريطة حدود ياش‌كونساگ، حوالي 1800: قومانيا الصغرى بالأخضر الداكن، قومانيا الكبرى بالليموني، و يازيگيا بالبرتقالي

 العرق والثقافة

 الجينات

Kunság (shaded) and the Great Hungarian Plain (dark green) within modern Hungary

Citizens of Kecskemét in traditional clothing (Leopold Steinrucker, 1845)

Reenactors playing kokboru at the "First World Meeting of Cumans" (Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County, 2009)

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