كفلاڤيك Keflavik
Keflavík | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 August 2009 aerial view | |
 موقع بلدية ريكيانسبار | |
  Keflavík Location in Iceland | |
| الإحداثيات: 64°01′N 22°34′W / 64.017°N 22.567°W | |
| البلدة | آيسلندا |
| الدائرة | South Constituency |
| المنطقة | Southern Peninsula[1] |
| البلدية |  ريكانسپاير |
| التعداد (2018) | |
| • الإجمالي | 15٬930[a] |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+0 (GMT) |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | Official website |
| ^ When combined with Njarðvík. | |
كفلاڤيك (Keflavík ؛ تُنطق [ˈcʰɛplaˌviːk] (
استمع)، وتعني خليج الخشب الطافي) هي بلدة في منطقة ريكانس في جنوب غرب آيسلندا. It is included in the municipality of ريكانسپاير whose population as of 2016 is 15,129.[2]
In 1995, Keflavík merged with nearby Njarðvík and Hafnir ليشكلوا بلدية Reykjanesbær. مطار كفلاڤيك الدولي, the country's largest airport (serving nearby Reykjavík) is adjacent to the town.
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التاريخ
Keflavík was founded by Scottish entrepreneurs and engineers[بحاجة لمصدر] in the 16th century, and developed on account of its fishing and fish processing industry.[3]
In the 1940s an airport was built next to the town by the United States military, which served as an important refueling stop for trans-Atlantic flights, especially during World War II.
During the Cold War, Naval Air Station Keflavik played an important role in monitoring marine and submarine traffic from the Norwegian and Greenland seas into the Atlantic Ocean. Forces from the United States Air Force were added to provide radar monitoring, fighter intercept, in-flight refueling, and aerial/marine rescue. With increasing ranges for aircraft and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the base became less important, and the last U.S. personnel were withdrawn in 2006.
Within Iceland, Keflavík was renowned as a rich source of musicians during the 1960s and 1970s, and came to be known as bítlabærinn [ˈpihtlaˌpaiːrɪn] or "The Beatle Town".
الجغرافيا والمناخ
The local geography is dominated by fields of basalt rubble, interspersed with a few hardy plants and mosses.
The climate of Keflavík is subpolar oceanic (Köppen: Cfc) with cool summers and moderately cold winters. There is not a truly dry month but June is the month that gets the least amount of precipitation. Winter high temperatures average above the freezing mark, and summer high temperatures are cool to mild. The warmest month on average is July with an average high of 14.2 °C (58 °F) and the coldest is January with an average high of 3.4 °C (38 °F).
| Climate data for مطار كفلاڤيك، 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1952–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
12.4 (54.3) |
25.0 (77.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
3.4 (38.1) |
4.2 (39.6) |
6.7 (44.1) |
9.5 (49.1) |
12.6 (54.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
13.6 (56.5) |
11.1 (52.0) |
7.6 (45.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
3.7 (38.7) |
7.9 (46.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) |
0.8 (33.4) |
1.3 (34.3) |
3.6 (38.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
8.4 (47.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
2.5 (36.5) |
1.1 (34.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
4.1 (39.4) |
7.2 (45.0) |
9.0 (48.2) |
8.8 (47.8) |
6.5 (43.7) |
3.1 (37.6) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
2.9 (37.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.5 (0.5) |
−17.0 (1.4) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−15.2 (4.6) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
2.8 (37.0) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−13.8 (7.2) |
−17.5 (0.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 106.1 (4.18) |
105.3 (4.15) |
96.2 (3.79) |
73.6 (2.90) |
67.4 (2.65) |
53.0 (2.09) |
65.5 (2.58) |
87.7 (3.45) |
120.7 (4.75) |
111.2 (4.38) |
104.6 (4.12) |
113.0 (4.45) |
1٬104٫3 (43.48) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 16.9 | 16.0 | 15.7 | 12.3 | 12.0 | 10.0 | 10.9 | 12.8 | 15.8 | 15.1 | 14.8 | 16.7 | 169.0 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) | 9.0 | 8.8 | 6.8 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 8.2 | 37.0 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
2.4 (36.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
7.9 (46.2) |
5.5 (41.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
1.8 (35.2) |
| Source 1: NOAA[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Iceland Met Office (extremes)[5] | |||||||||||||
الرياضة
The town is represented in sports by Íþrótta- og ungmennafélag Keflavíkur.
في الثقافة الشعبية
The former NATO military base Naval Air Station Keflavik is used as a setting for an important story line in Tom Clancy's novel Red Storm Rising.[6] Clancy speculated about the base, the geography, local flora, and the station equipment.
NAS Keflavik is also a central setting in Icelandic writer Arnaldur Indriðason's 1999 mystery Napóleonsskjölin, translated into English in 2011 as Operation Napoleon.
أشخاص بارزون
- Julius Fridriksson (living), Icelandic-American academic and scientist[7]
- Sveindís Jane Jónsdóttir (born 2001), footballer for VfL Wolfsburg and the Iceland national team[8]
انظر أيضاً
- الحرب الباردة
- Iceland Defense Force, headquartered in Keflavík until 2006
- Uppspretta
المراجع
- ^ Formerly named Reykjanes
- ^ "Population by Locaties-Keflavík and Njarðvík". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ^ Cathy Harlow, Iceland, Landmark Visitors Guide, 3rd ed. 2004, ISBN 1-84306-134-1, p. 57.
- ^ "Keflavik Climate Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-08-17. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
- ^ "Mánaðarmeðaltöl fyrir stöð 990 - Keflavíkurflugvöllur" (in الأيسلندية). Icelandic Meteorological Office. Archived from the original on 2023-12-29. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
- ^ Clancy, Tom (1986). Red Storm Rising. Putnam. ISBN 978-0-399-13149-3.
- ^ "Jóhann Friðrik Friðriksson". Alþingi (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2024-04-28.
- ^ Rees-Julian, George (2022-07-10). "The inside story of Sveindís Jane Jónsdóttir - Iceland's shining star at Euro 2022". First Time Finish (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2023-07-13.
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وصلات خارجية
Media related to كفلافيك at Wikimedia Commons- Satellite picture by Google Maps
قالب:Cities and towns in Iceland
خطأ لوا في وحدة:Authority_control على السطر 278: attempt to call field '_showMessage' (a nil value).
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
- CS1 الأيسلندية-language sources (is)
- CS1 الإنجليزية الأمريكية-language sources (en-us)
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Coordinates on Wikidata
- Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018
- Keflavík
- Populated places in Southern Peninsula (Iceland)
- Reykjanes
- Populated places established in the 16th century
- Defence of Iceland
- Populated coastal places in Iceland