قالب:Infobox element/symbol-to-term-symbol/doc

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قالب:Periodic table (term symbol)


Chemical elements: electron-configuration and term symbol

Element Group Electron configuration Term symbol note
  1, 2, S, P,
1 H hydrogen 1 1s1 2S1/2 S2S1/2
2 He helium 18 1s2 1S0 S1S0
3 Li lithium 1 [He] 2s1 2S1/2 S2S1/2
4 Be beryllium 2 [He] 2s2 1S0 S1S0
5 B boron 13 [He] 2s2 2p1 2P1/2 P2P1/2
6 C carbon 14 [He] 2s2 2p2 3P0 P3P0
7 N nitrogen 15 [He] 2s2 2p3 4S3/2 S4S3/2
8 O oxygen 16 [He] 2s2 2p4 3P2 P3P2
9 F fluorine 17 [He] 2s2 2p5[1] 2P3/2 P2P3/2
10 Ne neon 18 [He] 2s2 2p6 1S0 S1S0
11 Na sodium 1 [Ne] 3s1 2S1/2 S2S1/2
12 Mg magnesium 2 [Ne] 3s2 1S0 S1S0
13 Al aluminium 13 [Ne] 3s2 3p1 2P1/2 P2P1/2
14 Si silicon 14 [Ne] 3s2 3p2 3P0 P3P0
15 P phosphorus 15 [Ne] 3s2 3p3 4S3/2 S4S3/2
16 S sulfur 16 [Ne] 3s2 3p4 3P2 P3P2
17 Cl chlorine 17 [Ne] 3s2 3p5 2P3/2 P2P3/2
18 Ar argon 18 [Ne] 3s2 3p6 1S0 S1S0
19 K potassium 1 [Ar] 4s1 2S1/2 S2S1/2
20 Ca calcium 2 [Ar] 4s2 1S0 S1S0
21 Sc scandium 3 [Ar] 3d1 4s2 2D3/2 D2D3/2
22 Ti titanium 4 [Ar] 3d2 4s2 3F2 F3F2
23 V vanadium 5 [Ar] 3d3 4s2 4F3/2 F4F3/2
24 Cr chromium 6 [Ar] 3d5 4s1 7S3 S7S3
25 Mn manganese 7 [Ar] 3d5 4s2 6S5/2 S6S5/2
26 Fe iron 8 [Ar] 3d6 4s2 5D4 D5D4
27 Co cobalt 9 [Ar] 3d7 4s2 4F9/2 F4F9/2
28 Ni nickel 10 [Ar] 3d8 4s2 or [Ar] 3d9 4s1 3F4 F3F4
29 Cu copper 11 [Ar] 3d10 4s1 2S1/2 S2S1/2
30 Zn zinc 12 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 1S0 S1S0
31 Ga gallium 13 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 2P1/2 P2P1/2
32 Ge germanium 14 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 3P0 P3P0
33 As arsenic 15 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3 4S3/2 S4S3/2
34 Se selenium 16 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 3P2 P3P2
35 Br bromine 17 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 2P3/2 P2P3/2
36 Kr krypton 18 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 1S0 S1S0
37 Rb rubidium 1 [Kr] 5s1 2S1/2 S2S1/2
38 Sr strontium 2 [Kr] 5s2 1S0 S1S0
39 Y yttrium 3 [Kr] 4d1 5s2 2D3/2 D2D3/2
40 Zr zirconium 4 [Kr] 4d2 5s2 3F2 F3F2
41 Nb niobium 5 [Kr] 4d4 5s1 6D1/2 D6D1/2
42 Mo molybdenum 6 [Kr] 4d5 5s1 7S3 S7S3
43 Tc technetium 7 [Kr] 4d5 5s2 6S5/2 S6S5/2
44 Ru ruthenium 8 [Kr] 4d7 5s1 5F5 F5F5
45 Rh rhodium 9 [Kr] 4d8 5s1 4F9/2 F4F9/2
46 Pd palladium 10 [Kr] 4d10 1S0 S1S0
47 Ag silver 11 [Kr] 4d10 5s1 2S1/2 S2S1/2
48 Cd cadmium 12 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 1S0 S1S0
49 In indium 13 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 2P1/2 P2P1/2
50 Sn tin 14 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 3P0 P3P0
51 Sb antimony 15 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 4S3/2 S4S3/2
52 Te tellurium 16 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4 3P2 P3P2
53 I iodine 17 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 2P3/2 P2P3/2
54 Xe xenon 18 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6 1S0 S1S0
55 Cs caesium 1 [Xe] 6s1 2S1/2 S2S1/2
56 Ba barium 2 [Xe] 6s2 1S0 S1S0
57 La lanthanum n/a [Xe] 5d1 6s2 2D3/2 D2D3/2
58 Ce cerium n/a [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2[2] 1G4 G1G4
59 Pr praseodymium n/a [Xe] 4f3 6s2 4I9/2 I4I9/2
60 Nd neodymium n/a [Xe] 4f4 6s2 5I4 I5I4
61 Pm promethium n/a [Xe] 4f5 6s2 6H5/2 H6H5/2
62 Sm samarium n/a [Xe] 4f6 6s2 7F0 F7F0
63 Eu europium n/a [Xe] 4f7 6s2 8S7/2 S8S7/2
64 Gd gadolinium n/a [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 9D2 D9D2
65 Tb terbium n/a [Xe] 4f9 6s2 6H15/2 H6H15/2
66 Dy dysprosium n/a [Xe] 4f10 6s2 5I8 I5I8
67 Ho holmium n/a [Xe] 4f11 6s2 4I15/2 I4I15/2
68 Er erbium n/a [Xe] 4f12 6s2 3H6 H3H6
69 Tm thulium n/a [Xe] 4f13 6s2 2F7/2 F2F7/2
70 Yb ytterbium n/a [Xe] 4f14 6s2 1S0 S1S0
71 Lu lutetium 3 [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 2D3/2 D2D3/2
72 Hf hafnium 4 [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 3F2 F3F2
73 Ta tantalum 5 [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2 4F3/2 F4F3/2
74 W tungsten 6 [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2[3] 5D0 D5D0
75 Re rhenium 7 [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2 6S5/2 S6S5/2
76 Os osmium 8 [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 5D4 D5D4
77 Ir iridium 9 [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2 4F9/2 F4F9/2
78 Pt platinum 10 [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1 3D3 D3D3
79 Au gold 11 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 2S1/2 S2S1/2
80 Hg mercury 12 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 1S0 S1S0
81 Tl thallium 13 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 2P1/2 P2P1/2
82 Pb lead 14 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 3P0 P3P0
83 Bi bismuth 15 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 4S3/2 S4S3/2
84 Po polonium 16 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 3P2 P3P2
85 At astatine 17 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5 2P3/2 P2P3/2
86 Rn radon 18 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 1S0 S1S0
87 Fr francium 1 [Rn] 7s1 2S1/2 S2S1/2
88 Ra radium 2 [Rn] 7s2 1S0 S1S0
89 Ac actinium n/a [Rn] 6d1 7s2 2D3/2 D2D3/2
90 Th thorium n/a [Rn] 6d2 7s2 3F2 F3F2
91 Pa protactinium n/a [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2 4K11/2 K4K11/2
92 U uranium n/a [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2 5L6 L5L6
93 Np neptunium n/a [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 6L11/2 L6L11/2
94 Pu plutonium n/a [Rn] 5f6 7s2 7F0 F7F0
95 Am americium n/a [Rn] 5f7 7s2 8S7/2 S8S7/2
96 Cm curium n/a [Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2 9D2 D9D2
97 Bk berkelium n/a [Rn] 5f9 7s2 6H15/2 H6H15/2
98 Cf californium n/a [Rn] 5f10 7s2[4] 5I8 I5I8
99 Es einsteinium n/a [Rn] 5f11 7s2 4I15/2 I4I15/2
100 Fm fermium n/a [Rn] 5f12 7s2 3H6 H3H6
101 Md mendelevium n/a [Rn] 5f13 7s2 2F7/2 F2F7/2
102 No nobelium n/a [Rn] 5f14 7s2 1S0 S1S0
103 Lr lawrencium 3 [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1 2P1/2? P2P1/2?
104 Rf rutherfordium 4 [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2[5][6] 3F2 F3F2
105 Db dubnium 5 [Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2[6] 4F3/2? F4F3/2?
106 Sg seaborgium 6 [Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2[6] 5D0? D5D0?
107 Bh bohrium 7 [Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2[7][6] 6S5/2? S6S5/2?
108 Hs hassium 8 [Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2[8] 5D4? D5D4?
109 Mt meitnerium 9 [Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2 (predicted)[6][9] 4F9/2? F4F9/2?
110 Ds darmstadtium 10 [Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2 (predicted)[6] 3F4? F3F4?
111 Rg roentgenium 11 [Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2 (predicted)[10][6] 2D5/2? D2D5/2?
112 Cn copernicium 12 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 (predicted)[6] 1S0? S1S0?
113 Nh nihonium 13 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1 (predicted)[6] 2P1/2? P2P1/2?
114 Fl flerovium 14 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2 (predicted)[6] 3P0? P3P0?
115 Mc moscovium 15 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3 (predicted)[6] 4S3/2? S4S3/2?
116 Lv livermorium 16 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4 (predicted)[6] 3P2? P3P2?
117 Ts tennessine 17 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5 (predicted)[6] 2P3/2? P2P3/2?
118 Og oganesson 18 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6 (predicted)[11][6] 1S0? S1S0?
119 Uue ununennium 1 [Og] 8s1 (predicted)[6] 2S1/2? S2S1/2?
120 Ubn unbinilium 2 [Og] 8s2 (predicted)[6] 1S0? S1S0?
121 Ubu unbiunium [Og] 8s2 8p1 (predicted)[6] 2P1/2? P2P1/2?
122 Ubb unbibium [Og] 7d1 8s2 8p1 (predicted)[12]
123 Ubt unbitrium
124 Ubq unbiquadium [Og] 6f3 8s2 8p1 (predicted)[12]
125 Ubp unbipentium
126 Ubh unbihexium [Og] 5g2 6f3 8s2 8p1 (predicted)[12]


  1. ^ Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 381.
  2. ^ Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms, NIST
  3. ^ Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.
  4. ^ CRC 2006, p. 1.14.
  5. ^ "Rutherfordium". Royal Chemical Society. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Johnson, E.; Fricke, B.; Jacob, T.; Dong, C. Z.; Fritzsche, S.; Pershina, V. (2002). "Ionization potentials and radii of neutral and ionized species of elements 107 (bohrium) and 108 (hassium) from extended multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock calculations". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 116 (5): 1862–1868. Bibcode:2002JChPh.116.1862J. doi:10.1063/1.1430256.
  8. ^ Hoffman 2006, p. 1672.
  9. ^ Thierfelder, C.; Schwerdtfeger, P.; Heßberger, F. P.; Hofmann, S. (2008). "Dirac-Hartree-Fock studies of X-ray transitions in meitnerium". The European Physical Journal A. 36 (2): 227. Bibcode:2008EPJA...36..227T. doi:10.1140/epja/i2008-10584-7.
  10. ^ Turler, A. (2004). "Gas Phase Chemistry of Superheavy Elements" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences. 5 (2): R19–R25. doi:10.14494/jnrs2000.5.R19.
  11. ^ Nash, Clinton S. (2005). "Atomic and Molecular Properties of Elements 112, 114, and 118". Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 109 (15): 3493–3500. Bibcode:2005JPCA..109.3493N. doi:10.1021/jp050736o. PMID 16833687.
  12. ^ أ ب ت Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
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