فواكه الإسلام
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الزعماء المشهورون التاريخ والمعتقدات المطبوعات الفروع والإنشقاقات |
فواكه الإسلام (Fruit of Islam ؛ FOI) أو "فواكه" اختصاراً، هو الجناح الأمني والنظامي لأمة الإسلام (NOI).[1] It has also been described as its paramilitary wing.[1][2][3][4] The Fruit of Islam wear distinctive blue or white uniforms and caps and have units at all NOI temples. Louis Farrakhan, as head of the Nation of Islam, is commander-in-chief of the Fruit of Islam, and his son, Mustapha Farrakhan Sr, is second in command. The women's counterpart to the Fruit of Islam is Muslim Girls Training (MGT).
The Fruit of Islam draws its membership from male members in Nation of Islam temples. While NOI does not release membership figures, estimates made in 2007 for total membership in the NOI range from 10,000 to 50,000.[5]
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التاريخ
بيان المهمة
The FOI says its mission is to "teach civilization, and teach what they know to those who do not know." A NOI website urging men to enroll in the FOI describes members as "brave fighter[s] for Allah" engaged in "a unique war for the very heart and soul of a people." The site explains, "The responsibility of the F.O.I. is that of a head of house: protection, provision, and maintenance of the Nation of Islam (all Original People). The F.O.I. are militant in the sense that our operations are done as a unit."[6]
الهامش
- ^ أ ب Lincoln, Charles Eric (1994). The%20Black%20Muslims%20in%20America%20security%20disciplinary&pg=PA202 The Black Muslims in America (in الإنجليزية) (Third ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 201–202. ISBN 978-0-8028-0703-8. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ Callahan, Sharon Henderson (2013). Religious Leadership (in الإنجليزية). SAGE. p. 636. ISBN 978-1-4129-9908-3. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ Jones-Brown, Delores D.; Frazier, Beverly D.; Brooks, Marvie (2014). African Americans and Criminal Justice: An Encyclopedia (in الإنجليزية). ABC-CLIO. p. 372. ISBN 978-0-313-35717-6. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ Jones-Brown, Delores D.; Frazier, Beverly D.; Brooks, Marvie (2014). African Americans and Criminal Justice: An Encyclopedia (in الإنجليزية). ABC-CLIO. p. 372. ISBN 978-0-313-35717-6. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
From the start, the NOI was tightly organized, a fact most clearly seen in its creation of the elite "Fruit of Islam," a group envisioned by Fard as a paramilitary wing to defend the NOI against police attacks.
- ^ Lawrence A. Mamiya, Article on Louis Farrakhan in Encyclopædia Britannica 2007: also quotes at the high end of 50,000 in the NY Times on February 26, 2007
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-09-07. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
وصلات خارجية
- Federal Funds for NOI Security Firms: Financing Farrakhan's Ministry of Hate. Anti-Defamation League, 1996